基于极坐标Lagrange插值的航拍图像畸变校正算法

由于航拍图像的拍摄高度远低于卫星图像拍摄高度,因此每个拍摄地点的建筑投影差大小和方向都不相同,图片畸变严重。此外,考虑到图像边缘区域的畸变程度远大于图像中心区域的畸变程度,本文提出了一种基于极坐标的Lagrange插值的逐点畸变校正方法。利用该方法在极坐标系内对单个像素点进行插值,然后根据插值结果对像素点进行校正,再将其坐标从极坐标系变换回直角坐标系,最后采用此方法在整个航拍图像内逐点进行畸变校正。实验结果表明,校正后的航拍图像畸变程度不超过3%,证明该方法不但能有效地校正畸变图像,且与传统的利用DLT线性求解畸变校正矩阵等校正方法相比具有更为广泛的适用性。     

基于数据相关性的32通道毫米波焦平面成像校准研究

针对32通道毫米波焦平面成像中存在的像素偏移,提出了基于数据相关性进行像素校准的方法。给出32通道毫米波焦平面成像的原理,分析了像素偏移产生的原因。结合实际观测结果分析了图像中存在的像素偏移,重点阐述了利用数据相关性进行图像处理的步骤并给出了处理结果。实验结果表明,该方法能够很好的消除图像中的像素偏移,提高图像质量。     

基于极坐标Lagrange插值的航拍图像畸变校正算法（英文）

由于航拍图像的拍摄高度远低于卫星图像拍摄高度,因此每个拍摄地点的建筑投影差大小和方向都不相同,图片畸变严重。此外,考虑到图像边缘区域的畸变程度远大于图像中心区域的畸变程度,本文提出了一种基于极坐标的Lagrange插值的逐点畸变校正方法。利用该方法在极坐标系内对单个像素点进行插值,然后根据插值结果对像素点进行校正,再将其坐标从极坐标系变换回直角坐标系,最后采用此方法在整个航拍图像内逐点进行畸变校正。实验结果表明,校正后的航拍图像畸变程度不超过3%,证明该方法不但能有效地校正畸变图像,且与传统的利用DLT线性求解畸变校正矩阵等校正方法相比具有更为广泛的适用性。     

MEMS振镜扫描共聚焦图像畸变机理分析及校正

在皮肤反射式共聚焦显微成像过程中，针对MEMS振镜二维扫描引起的共聚焦图像畸变，开展了光束偏转理论分析，得出了投影面扫描图像的具体形状表征，理论畸变图像与真实畸变图像一致，明确了畸变机理，提出一种有效的畸变校正算法，实现对图像二维畸变的校正。首先记录原始光栅畸变图像，然后基于Hessian矩阵提取光栅中心线，拾取特征点并设置基准参考线，通过基于最小二乘法的7次多项式插值法标定二维方向像素畸变校正量，采用加权平均法填补间隙像素灰度值，最终实现图像畸变校正。利用网格畸变测试靶实验得出7次多项式插值后的校正决定系数最高、均方根误差值最低，整幅512行图像在7次多项式插值后最优行数占379行，比例为74%，通过残差分析，二维方向上残差最大为4个像素，最小为0个像素，平均为1.15个像素，校正结果较为精确。皮肤在体实时成像实验显示，图像畸变校正后组织结构特征更加真实准确，表明这种校正算法有效可行，有助于皮肤疾病的准确诊断。     

基于BOS技术的气动光学流场传输效应成像偏移校正方法研究

高速成像制导导弹在大气中飞行时,受到气动光学效应的影响,目标成像位置与其实际位置之间出现偏差。实现对气动光学效应成像偏移校正,对于提高制导精度意义重大。气动光学效应成像偏移具有很强的随机性和非线性,校正起来十分困难。通过利用背景纹影技术测量光线穿过变折射率场后的光线偏移量,建立畸变图像与参考图像之间的控制点对,采用局部加权平均拟合方法构建用于图像校正的映射函数,利用双三次卷积方法对图像灰度值进行重采样处理,完成对畸变图像的校正。分别对固定相位物（透镜）和喷流马赫数3.0的超声速气膜引起的成像偏移进行校正,实验结果验证了校正方法的有效性。     

基于图像的模拟相机标定方法的研究

从光学测量角度出发,结合计算机主动视觉中的相机标定方法及数字图像处理技术,提出了一种CCD摄像系统畸变校正方法.该法通过使用经纬仪,不需相机做任何运动就能实现全过程的标定.该方法在摄像机模型中全面考虑了镜头的径向畸变,利用图像中心附近点畸变量较小的性质,用中心附近点和全场视点对摄像机内部参数和像差修正参数进行标定,最后由最小二乘法得到摄像系统畸变模型的畸变系数,解决了CCD摄像系统的畸变校正问题.与传统的相机标定不同,畸变校正中仅标定数字图像中像素间距和相机焦距.该法运用了亚像素细分算法,提高了测试系统的精度,是一种简单、有效、实用的标定法.     

皮肤反射式共聚焦显微成像扫描畸变校正

皮肤反射式共聚焦显微镜是一种重要的皮肤影像学诊断工具,其采用共振型振镜扫描成像会带来非线性畸变,为校正这种畸变,提出一种像素值反正弦过采样信号重建的RCM图像畸变校正方法,对间距为20 m的矩形光栅扫描成像实验表明,在校正畸变前光栅图像间距的标准差为7.78 m,图像的畸变率达到38.9%,经过像素值反正弦过采样信号重建后,光栅图像间距的标准差缩小为0.85 m,畸变率缩小到4.2%。结合分辨率板和实际人皮肤成像情况,表明文中提出的畸变校正方法能够较好地校正共振型振镜引起的图像畸变,满足人皮肤实时无创影像学诊断要求。     

图像畸变校正算法在测量中的应用

工业用镜头对物体进行取像时,物体会产生畸变失真。畸变对物体参数的后续测量产生影响,所以必须对畸变图像进行校正。本文通过对已有图像畸变校正算法的介绍比较,采用了一种不拘泥于具体镜头,适用性强的校正算法。此算法首先根据畸变图像产生的原理对径向畸变建立模型,算法第一步使用亚像素边缘算法对失真图像定位边缘、提取边缘点;第二部用最小二乘法对提取的边缘点进行线性拟合,得到所有点与标准点的总平方和;第三步使用LM算法对第二步得到的总平方和进行优化参数处理,得到最优参数;第四步将最优参数带入反校正模型,最终还原图像。还原后的图像与标准图像相比,校正结果的精度可以达到1个像素的最大误差。     

基于像素运动模型的数字 造影系统成像畸变校正

提出一种基于像素运动模型的数字造影系统成像畸变的校正方法.通过在一些间隔均匀的方位上获取标志板图像,利用单幅图像的畸变校正算法计算出各幅图像中的像素受畸变影响而产生的运动,并据此求得像素运动模型的参数.利用该模型可以校正C型臂在任意方位下获取的造影图像的畸变.实验证明,该算法具有较高的精度和较快的速度.     

一种基于LabVIEW的机器视觉标定和校正方法

视觉标定和校正是应用机器视觉的重要环节,可使检测的图像更加准确以达到提高机器视觉检测精度的目的,是不可忽视的关键步骤。提出了一种改进的平面模板法,在传统方法和Heikkila模型基础上推广了切向畸变模型,成像模型中增加了高阶非线性畸变并进行了一定的简化,经过该模型优化标定参数并得到特征像素的空间校正模值,然后通过线性插值方法对像素进行灰度校正,得到标定结果和校正后的图像。该方法由自行搭建的机器视觉检测平台通过LabVIEW工具实现,实验证明视觉系统采集的图像得到了良好的校正,校正精度达到0.17%。     

面阵CCD航空相机斜视图像的几何校正

为增大机载光电侦察系统的视场角,航空相机多采用扫描方式对地摄影成像,文章针对面阵CCD航空相机斜视摄影引起的图像变形进行校正。由于该类相机与载机之间存在方位和俯仰两轴运动,文章同时考虑相机相对载机的旋转角度和载机相对地面的姿态角,建立了更符合该类相机工作状态的六姿态角投影校正模型,推导出同一地物在畸变图像和标准图像上的像素坐标变换关系,采用双线性插值算法对坐标变换后的像素灰度值进行重采样,对航空图像进行自动校正。最后,对某机场的航拍图像进行校正实验,并与基于地面控制点的多项式校正方法以及基于畸变图像和参考图像配准的校正方法进行比较。实验结果表明,六姿态角投影校正模型能够取得比较高的校正精度(可达像素级),当姿态角的测量精度为3′,图像大小为512pixel×512pixel时,图像校正的均方根误差为1.174 7pixel。该方法不需要提供参考图像和野外采集地面控制点数据,便于工程实现,基本满足航空图像处理的稳定可靠、精度高、实时性强等要求。     

An Improved Global Shutter Pixel with Extended Output Range and Linearity of Compensation for CMOS Image Sensor

An improved global shutter pixel structure with extended output range and linearity of compensation is proposed for CMOS image sensor. The potential switching of the sample and hold capacitor bottom plate outside the array is used to solve the problem of the serious swing limitation, which will attenuate the dynamic range of the image sensor. The non-linear problem caused by the substrate bias effect in the output process of the pixel source follower is solved by using the mirror FD point negative feedback self-establishment technology outside the array. The approach proposed in this paper has been verified in a global shutter CMOS image sensor with a scale of 1024×1024 pixels. The test results show that the output range is expanded from 0.95V to 2V, and the error introduced by the nonlinearity is sharply reduced from 280mV to 0.3mV. Most importantly, the output range expansion circuit does not increase the additional pixel area and the power consumption. The power consumption of linearity correction circuit is only 23.1μW, accounting for less than 0.01％ of the whole chip power consumption.     

基于列相关的热红外高光谱遥感图像非均匀性校正

由于探测单元之间响应不一致、电子增益和偏置发生变化、焦平面污染和损伤等因素,推扫式热红外成像光谱仪获取的图像常常表现为图像列之间不均匀,条带噪声严重,影响了热红外高光谱遥感图像的后续处理和应用。结合推扫式成像光谱仪非均匀性的来源和成因,以相邻地物的相关性为理论基础,提出了适用于热红外高光谱遥感图像的非均匀性校正方法。该方法的步骤是,首先逐波段对原始热红外高光谱遥感图像进行标准矩匹配校正,得到标准矩匹配校正图像;然后,以标准矩匹配校正图像为基础,选择相邻两列像元中相同的地物像元;最后,用两列中相同的地物像元,通过线性回归得到后一列的校正系数,并对其进行校正,顺次遍历一个波段的所有列,完成一个波段图像的非均匀性校正。按照此过程,遍历一幅热红外高光谱遥感图像的所有波段,完成一幅热红外高光谱遥感图像的非均匀性校正。将该方法应用于推扫式热红外光谱成像仪实际获取图像的非均匀性校正中。结果表明,相比矩匹配方法,在保证非均匀性校正效果的情况下,本文方法的各列均值和标准差更符合实际情况。     

Accurate geometric correction of ATSR images

An accurate geometric correction algorithm of raw ATSR images is proposed in this paper. The proposed algorithm is divided into two modules: pre-correction and precision correction. In the pre-correction algorithm, the scanning geometry of the ATSR, ephemeris data and the Earth's shape and rotation were modeled mathematically. It corrected elliptically-distorted raw ATSR images and resulted in a mean collocation error of 1 pixel between the nadir and forward images. The proposed navigation model showed a better geolocation performance than ATSR image geometric correction algorithms currently in operation. The geometric errors in the pre-corrected images were reduced further by the precision correction algorithm. Coastlines were detected from the pre-corrected nadir and forward images and matched with map coastline data. The matched coastline pixels, GCPs, were combined with the pre-correction model to estimate the errors of the position, velocity and attitude of the satellite. An extended Kalman filter was used for the optimal estimation. The corrected images showed the collocation error of 0.4 pixel and the geolocation error of 0.7 pixel. The results were compared with those from a polynomial warping technique. It proved that the proposed precision correction algorithm gave better geometric correction performance than collocation algorithms based on a polynomial warping technique     

Retrospective correction of MR intensity inhomogeneity byinformation minimization

In this paper, the problem of retrospective correction of intensity inhomogeneity in magnetic resonance (MR) images is addressed. A novel model-based correction method is proposed, based on the assumption that an image corrupted by intensity inhomogeneity contains more information than the corresponding uncorrupted image. The image degradation process is described by a linear model, consisting of a multiplicative and an additive component which are modeled by a combination of smoothly varying basis functions. The degraded image is corrected by the inverse of the image degradation model. The parameters of this model are optimized such that the information of the corrected image is minimized while the global intensity statistic is preserved. The method was quantitatively evaluated and compared to other methods on a number of simulated and real MR images and proved to be effective, reliable, and computationally attractive. The method can be widely applied to different types of MR images because it solely uses the information that is naturally present in an image, without making assumptions on its spatial and intensity distribution. Besides, the method requires no preprocessing, parameter setting, nor user interaction. Consequently, the proposed method may be a valuable tool in MR image analysis.     

High-capacity reversible data hiding in encrypted image based on specific encryption process

This paper proposes a novel reversible data hiding method in encrypted images based on specific encryption process. In the proposed specific encryption algorithm, the stream cipher and prediction error are combined to vacate room for data embedding. After that, a permutation operation is performed on the encrypted image to improve the security. In the embedding process, we can embed a large amount of secret data in the encrypted image by pixel value expansion because most of the pixel values are less than 128 by the specific encryption process. At the receiver end, the encrypted image can be recovered from the marked encrypted image without knowing the secret data. Therefore, even if the recipient only has the encryption key, the original image will be perfectly recovered. If the recipient only has the data-hiding key, the secret data will be extracted. And if the recipient has both keys, the original image and the secret data are both available. The proposed method achieves a higher embedding capacity than that of methods based on vacating room after encryption. It does not require the image owner to perform reversible data hiding techniques on the original image, which is more convenient than methods based on reserving room before encryption. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms other state-of-the-art methods.     

基于SV-DPI的图像坏元修正FPGA自动化验证

为实现红外图像坏元修正FPGA（field programmable gate array）的快速验证,提高测试覆盖性,设计了基于SV-DPI（SystemVerilog-direct programming interface）的FPGA自动化验证平台。采用DPI（direct programming interface）编程接口技术,实现了SystemVerilog平台调用C++编程语言,构建了针对红外图像坏元数据的生成和检测修正模型,建立了两种语言在事务级（transaction level）模型的通信。结果表明相对于传统验证方法,该平台结构简单,可以快速实现激励产生、参考模型构建、测试结果自动比对等功能,实现了红外图像坏元检测与修正FPGA的自动化测试,功能覆盖率达到100%,有效缩短FPGA测试平台搭建和调试周期,提高了测试效率和测试质量。     

多输入融合对抗网络的水下图像增强

针对水下图像出现对比度低、颜色偏差和细节模糊等问题,提出了多输入融合对抗网络进行水下图像增强。该方法主要特点是生成网络采用编码解码结构,通过卷积层滤除噪声,利用反卷积层恢复丢失的细节并逐像素进行细化图像。首先,对原始图像进行预处理,得到颜色校正和对比度增强两种类型图像。其次,利用生成网络学习两种增强图像与原始图像之间差异的置信度图。然后,为减少在生成网络学习过程中两种增强算法引入的伪影和细节模糊,添加了纹理提取单元对两种增强图像进行纹理特征提取,并将提取的纹理特征与对应的置信度图进行融合。最后,通过构建多个损失函数,反复训练对抗网络,得到增强的水下图像。实验结果表明,增强的水下图像色彩鲜明并且对比度提升,评价指标UCIQE均值为0.639 9,NIQE均值为3.727 3。相比于其他算法有显著优势,证明了该算法的良好效果。     

基于迭代算法的可验证视觉密码

通过改变验证图像的分享和恢复方式,该文提出了一种基于迭代算法的可验证视觉密码方案。该方案设计专用算法分享验证图像,利用算法的迭代优化验证过程,不仅大幅减小了像素扩展度,而且显著提高了验证效率。同时,通过引入异或操作实现了验证图像的完全恢复。