Antenna Selection Schemes in Quadrature Spatial Modulation Systems

This paper presents antenna selection schemes for recently proposed quadrature spatial modulation (QSM) systems. The antenna selection strategy is based on Euclidean distance optimized antenna selection (EDAS). The symbol error rate (SER) performance of these schemes is compared with that of the corresponding algorithm associated with spatial modulation (SM) systems. It is shown through simulations that QSM systems using EDAS offer significant improvement in terms of SER performance over SM systems with EDAS. Their SER performance gains are seen to be about 2 dB–4 dB in E_s/N₀ values.     

基于DCO-OFDM与PAM-DMT的混合传输系统性能研究*

针对可见光通信(Visible Light Communication,VLC)系统中传统非对称限幅光正交频分复用(ACO-OFDM)及直流偏置光正交频分复用(DCO-OFDM)系统存在的不足,提出了一种基于DCO-OFDM与脉冲幅度调制-离散多音频调制(PAM-DMT)混合技术传输方案,并给出了一种接收端低复杂度信号检测算法.该混合传输系统不仅可以通过改变调制方式以得到更为灵活的数据传输速率,还可以在相同数据速率下叠加较小的直流信号.最后通过蒙特卡洛仿真验证了所提设计的有效性.     

接近最优的编码MIMO系统的发送天线子集选择算法

多天线无线系统可提供更大的信道容量和更好的抗衰落能力,发送端利用反馈的部分信道状态信息进行发送天线子集选择能够进一步提高信道容量。该文提出了一种MIMO系统的快速的、动态的天线子集选择算法,其提供的信道容量高于已有的静态算法,且接近于最优天线选择算法,而无需计算所有可能的天线子集组合的信道容量,因而具有更低的复杂度。将本文算法与比特交织编码调制(BICM)技术相结合,对各天线速率进行适配,提出了空时自适应比特交织编码调制(ST-ABICM)方案。仿真结果证实了该方案性能的优越性。     

一种水下光通信中基于先验模型的预均衡方法

由于海水的散射特性,光在水下传输时会产生码间串扰(ISI)问题,传输环境较差时尤为严重。为解决该问题,文章将预均衡技术应用于基于直流偏置光正交频分复用(DCO-OFDM)调制的水下光通信系统中,并针对水下光的传输特性提出了一种基于先验信息的预均衡方法。在浑浊海港海水环境下与传统均衡算法进行了性能对比。仿真结果表明,在信噪比(SNR)较差的情况下,采用所提方法能够有效降低水下光通信系统的ISI,降低了误码可能性,提高了信道估计的可靠性。相比于最小二乘(LS)后均衡算法,误码率能下降约3.56 dB,相比于LS预均衡算法,误码率能下降约3.00 dB,相较于最小均方误差(MMSE)和最小均方(LMS)后均衡算法,误码率下降约1.85 dB。     

基于组合索引与欧氏距离相结合的OFDM-IM可见光通信系统研究

直流偏置光正交频分复用系统(DCO-OFDM)存在较高的峰均比(PAPR)、易受多径干扰和噪声频偏等影响。因此该文将载波索引调制(IM)引入DCO-OFDM中,提出适合可见光通信(VLC)的DCO-OFDM-IM调制方案。该方案采用基于组合索引与欧氏距离相结合的信号映射约束模型对子载波进行分块组合索引,不仅可在信号域使用传统星座调制传递信息,还可通过频率域利用载波索引额外携带信息,有效改善了系统峰均比及误码率性能。推导了DCO-OFDM-IM系统的理论误码率(BER),利用蒙特卡罗方法对其进行仿真验证。结果表明:相对传统DCO-OFDM系统,当子载波数为256,调制阶数为4,系统误码率为10–3时,DCO-OFDM-IM系统所需信噪比平均改善了约2 dB;当误码率为10–3时,采用组合索引与欧氏距离相结合的算法较随机选取载波组合系统所需信噪比平均改善约2 dB;当系统互补累计分布函数(CCDF)为10–1时,DCO-OFDM-IM原始信号峰均比比DCO-OFDM下降了约2.4 dB。     

A novel phase noise compensation algorithm combining the DF algorithm with LCSC algorithm in CO-OFDM systems

A novel phase noise (PN) compensation algorithm based on the decision feedback (DF) algorithm and the linear combination self cancellation (LCSC) algorithm is proposed to improve the system performance degradation caused by laser linewidth in coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) systems. In this proposed LCSC-DF algorithm, the LCSC algorithm is used to precode the subcarrier information at the transmitter and decode the demodulation information and inter-carrier interference (ICI) related information at the receiver. And then the pilot information is used to obtain the final compensation signal by the improved DF algorithm. The simulation results show that the PN compensation performance of the proposed LCSC-DF algorithm is better than that of the DF algorithm. Furthermore, with the increase of the signal to noise ratio (SNR), its bit error rate (BER) performance approaches to that of the SC-DF algorithm at the larger PN linewidth. The subcarriers utilization ratio of the proposed algorithm is higher than that of the SC-DF algorithm. As a result, the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the performance of the system.     

TDD-MIMO系统中由I/Q不平衡引起的信道非互易性补偿方法

分析了I/Q不平衡引起的信道互易性丧失对系统容量的影响,提出了一种基于信道状态测量的补偿算法。该算法中基站(BS)和移动台(MS)各自对接收信道进行测量而得到上下行链路的信道状态信息(CSI),然后将2条链路的CSI汇集到BS处,BS计算出分别用于BS和MS的校准矩阵。仿真结果表明所提算法能够有效地对I/Q不平衡进行校准,使信道互易性得到保持,从而使系统容量的损失得以弥补。     

MIMO系统中改进的二进制粒子群天线选择算法

在多输入多输出系统中,发射端和接收端的多天线配置提高了信道容量和传输可靠性,而天线选择技术能在保持系统优点的同时有效地降低运算复杂度以及硬件成本。为了能在时变的信道条件下快速地选择出一组最优的天线子集,提出了一种基于二进制粒子群算法的改进的天线选择算法。推导出了二进制粒子群联合收发端天线选择的信道容量公式,并将其作为粒子群算法的适应度函数,使天线选择问题转换成二进制编码串的组合优化问题。通过改进模糊函数提高粒子群算法的收敛性,让二进制粒子群尽可能地收敛于全局最优位置。仿真结果表明,改进的算法能在降低运算复杂度的同时提高收敛性,且系统信道容量趋近于最优算法。     

Joint antenna selection based on MIMO systems

Antenna selection can not only increases channel capacity in multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system, but also effectively decreases the radio frequency circuit cost. In order to achieve the antenna subset which can enlarge the system capacity rapidly, an improved methods obtaining better channel capacity was proposed, which is based on the norm and relevance of sending and receiving antenna joint selection algorithm. Simulation results indicate that the algorithm decreases a lot of computation time without any loss of system capacity.     

Performance analysis of Alamouti scheme with transmit antenna selection in non‐identical Nakagami‐m fading channels

In this paper, error performances of multiple‐input multiple‐output systems that employ Alamouti‐coded transmission with transmit antenna selection are examined for binary phase‐shift keying, binary frequency‐shift keying, M‐ary phase‐shift keying, and M‐ary quadrature amplitude‐modulation signals in independent but non‐identically distributed flat Nakagami‐m fading channels. Exact symbol error rate expressions are derived by using the moment‐generating function‐based analysis method. Upper bound expressions have been obtained in order to examine the asymptotic diversity order of transmit antenna selection/Alamouti scheme. Also, outage probability analysis of investigated systems has been given in order to examine the system capacity. Monte Carlo simulations have validated the analytical symbol error rate performance results. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Blind equalization and automatic modulation classification based on subspace for subcarrier MPSK optical communications

Equalization can compensate channel distortion caused by channel multipath effects, and effectively improve convergent of modulation constellation diagram in optical wireless system. In this paper, the subspace blind equalization algorithm is used to preprocess M-ary phase shift keying (MPSK) subcarrier modulation signal in receiver. Mountain clustering is adopted to get the clustering centers of MPSK modulation constellation diagram, and the modulation order is automatically identified through the k-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier. The experiment has been done under four different weather conditions. Experimental results show that the convergent of constellation diagram is improved effectively after using the subspace blind equalization algorithm, which means that the accuracy of modulation recognition is increased. The correct recognition rate of 16PSK can be up to 85% in any kind of weather condition which is mentioned in paper. Meanwhile, the correct recognition rate is the highest in cloudy and the lowest in heavy rain condition. This work has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.61671375), and the Industrial Research of Science and Technology Plan of Shaanxi Province (No.2016GY-082). E-mail:chdh@xaut.edu.cn      

A code-aided carrier synchronization algorithm based on improved nonbinary low-density parity-check codes

In order to further improve the carrier synchronization estimation range and accuracy at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), this paper proposes a code-aided carrier synchronization algorithm based on improved nonbinary low-density parity-check (NB-LDPC) codes to study the polarization-division-multiplexing coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (PDM-CO-OFDM) system performance in the cases of quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) and 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) modes. The simulation results indicate that this algorithm can enlarge frequency and phase offset estimation ranges and enhance accuracy of the system greatly, and the bit error rate (BER) performance of the system is improved effectively compared with that of the system employing traditional NB-LDPC code-aided carrier synchronization algorithm.     

能量效率优化的广义空域调制系统

为了提高能源使用效率,能量效率（EE）是绿色无线通信研究的主要内容。为了有效提高多天线传输系统的能源使用效率,提出了一种基于能量效率优化的广义空域调制（GSM）系统（EE-GSM）。该系统基于最大化能量效率准则,考虑发射天线数较多的情况,首先利用天线选择算法（AS）确定最佳发射天线子集,然后计算适合广义空域调制系统的有效射频通道(RFC)数,从而实现全局能量效率优化设计。仿真结果和分析表明,与传统的AS-MIMO、GSM及SM系统相比,新系统能有效地提高能量效率,并且改善了系统的误码率和容量性能,同时系统最终所需的有效射频通道数一般为2,3或4个,符合绿色通信系统设计原则。      

Efficient coding techniques for ADO-OFDM in IM/DD systems

Optical wireless communication (OWC) is an age-long technology, which is based on optical data transmission through free space, and it can be implemented in both indoor and outdoor applications. Asymmetrically clipped DC-biased optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (ADO-OFDM) is a modulation scheme that can be utilized in indoor OWC systems. It is based on transmitting DC-biased optical OFDM (DCO-OFDM) for even-frequency subcarriers and asymmetrically clipped optical OFDM (ACO-OFDM) for odd-frequency subcarriers. The ADO-OFDM exhibits better optical power performance than those of the conventional ACO-OFDM and DCO-OFDM. The main disadvantage of ADO-OFDM is the clipping noise, which mainly affects the even subcarriers. So, in this paper, convolutional and turbo coding techniques are investigated to improve the bit error rate performance of the ADO-OFDM over Additive white Gaussian noise and diffuse channels. Simulation results show that the proposed coded ADO-OFDM using convolutional and turbo coding techniques achieves significantly lower BERs compared to that of the uncoded ADO-OFDM. In addition, turbo-coded ADO-OFDM gives the best BER performance.     

Joint estimation of the channel and I/Q imbalance for two-way relay networks

In modern day communication systems, the massive MIMO architecture plays a pivotal role in enhancing the spatial multiplexing gain, but vice versa the system energy efficiency is compromised. Consequently, resource allocation in-terms of antenna selection becomes inevitable to increase energy efficiency without having any obvious effect or compromising the system spectral efficiency. Optimal antenna selection can be performed using exhaustive search. However, for a massive MIMO architecture, exhaustive search is not a feasible option due to the exponential growth in computational complexity with an increase in the number of antennas. We have proposed a computationally efficient and optimum algorithm based on the probability distribution learning for transmit antenna selection. An estimation of the distribution algorithm is a learning algorithm which learns from the probability distribution of best possible solutions. The proposed solution is computationally efficient and can obtain an optimum solution for the real time antenna selection problem. Since precoding and beamforming are also considered essential techniques to combat path loss incurred due to high frequency communications, so after antenna selection, successive interference cancellation algorithm is adopted for precoding with selected antennas. Simulation results verify that the proposed joint antenna selection and precoding solution is computationally efficient and near optimal in terms of spectral efficiency with respect to exhaustive search scheme. Furthermore, the energy efficiency of the system is also optimized by the proposed algorithm, resulting in performance enhancement of massive MIMO systems.

     

一种MIMO系统中的新型资源分配算法

本文提出了一种MIMO(Multi-Input and Multi-Output)系统中的新型自适应调制和功率分配算法,在奇异值分解的基础上通过注水算法进行功率分配,此后根据所分配的功率与信道状态信息来确定自适应调制的门限及相应的调制阶数,并在自适应调制后通过功率修正因子来弥补常见算法中功率不能得到有效利用的问题,仿真结果表明该算法可以得到较高的频谱效率.     

16‐QAM OFDM‐Based K‐Band LoS MIMO Communication System with Alignment Mismatch Compensation

This paper presents a novel K‐band (18 GHz) 16‐quadrature amplitude modulation (16‐QAM) orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (OFDM)‐based 2 × 2 line‐of‐sight multi‐input multi‐output communication system. The system can deliver 356 Mbps on a 56 MHz channel. Alignment mismatches, such as amplitude and/or phase mismatches, between the transmitter and receiver antennas were examined through hardware experiments. Hardware experimental results revealed that amplitude mismatch is related to antenna size, antenna beam width, and link distance. The proposed system employs an alignment mismatch compensation method. The open‐loop architecture of the proposed compensation method is simple and enables facile construction of communication systems. In a digital modem, 16‐QAM OFDM with a 512‐point fast Fourier transform and (255, 239) Reed‐Solomon forward error correction codecs is used. Experimental results show that a bit error rate of 10^?5 is achieved at a signal‐to‐noise ratio of approximately 18.0 dB.     

可见光多天线空分键控技术研究

空分键控是一种新型的空间复用技术,每个时刻只有一个发送天线工作,携带信息的是天线的位置而非发送符号本身,因此该种方法频带利用率较低。为了提高频带利用率,基于广义空间调制的概念,提出了光多天线空分键控调制方法,这种调制方式中每个时刻有多个天线同时工作。首先建立了可见光通信中的多天线空分键控系统模型,并对其误码率性能进行了分析,然后由此为依据提出了一种基于最小距离最大化准则的天线选择算法以获得误码率性能的增益,最后通过蒙特卡罗仿真验证了该天线选择方法的有效性。      

大规模MIMO系统中收发联合阈值天线选择算法

在大规模多输入多输出(massive MIMO)系统中使用天线选择算法可提高能效和系统吞吐量,然而适用于传统MIMO系统的天线选择算法具有高复杂度,很难用于massive MIMO系统。为优化天线选择算法,以算法复杂度和系统容量为优化目标,提出了收发联合阈值天线选择算法。该算法在发射端使用最大范数双向天线选择算法进行天线选择,在接收端使用分组maxvol算法并通过仿真实验结果的预设阈值进行天线选择。仿真实验表明,收发联合阈值天线选择算法在降低复杂度的同时可以提高系统容量,与递增天线选择算法相比,系统容量最多可提高52.2 bit/s/Hz。提出的天线选择算法可以满足不同天线相关度和信噪比的传输环境。     

Performance Analysis of TAS and RAS with CPM Modulation in Two-way Relaying MIMO Systems

Up to now, considerable results have been concluded for two-way relaying system with linear modulations. The performance of both transmit antenna selection (TAS) and receive antenna selection (RAS) needs to be investigated in some two-way relaying multiple-input multiple-output (TWRM) systems. In this paper, the goal is to investigate the nonlinear modulations, i.e., continuous phase modulation (CPM) in TWRM systems. Firstly, it is urgent to decrease the decoding complexity of the phase states subject to various modulation index of CPM. Then, the performances of both TAS and RAS with CPM modulations in TWRM systems are analyzed and evaluated. More exactly, the pair wise probability (PEP) is used to evaluate the performance based on analysis of CPM signal matrix, which is computed in a new form of the Laurent expression. Further, the tight upper-bounds for the frame error rate (FER) are derived for CPM in TWRM systems. Finally, simulations show in good agreement with the analysis in this paper.