聚合物水化分子的微观结构研究

在聚合物水化分子微观结构研究中,必需使用冷冻升华方法制样才能基本保持样品的聚合物分子形态与原水化状态一致。风干制样方法会导致聚合物分子链卷缩,样品干缩成块,无法保留水化分子的原貌。放大倍数小于2000X的显微图像适于研究聚合物水化分子构成的骨架全貌;而放大倍数大于10000X后,更适于观察聚合物水化分子骨架的局部形态。聚合物分子在溶液中形成非均匀网络骨架,存在较粗的主干和较细的分枝。这种网络骨架既对水分子形成支撑,又吸附和包裹大量水分子产生形变阻力。大部分网络骨架不是由单个聚舍物分子构成,而是由聚合物分子聚集体形成。溶液中的盐份富集在聚合物分子的带电基团附近并形成浓度梯度分布。     

聚合物乳液对硅酸盐水泥水化硬化影响的电镜研究

本文通过扫描电镜对加入聚合物水泥水化试体各龄期水化产物形态的观察,研究了二种类型的聚合物乳液(不含羧基的、及含羧基的)对硅酸盐水泥水化硬化的影响。结果表明,聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液(PVAc)在水泥试体中能成膜,并吸附包裹水泥颗粒及其水化产物,但不影响纤维状水化物等结晶的形成;而聚丙烯酸聚酯乳液(PAE)则因含有羧基。要参与水泥的水化反应,并影响纤维状水化物等结晶的形成。二种聚合物乳液都能改善其强度等性能,但作用机理是不同的。     

液体样品的环境扫描电镜观察

环境扫描电镜的应用大大拓宽了常规扫描电镜的应用范围，对于绝缘样品不需要镀膜、含油含水的固体样品不需要干燥以及液体样品都可以直接放入样品室进行观察，因而能够反映样品原始形貌，不破坏样品原始结构。对于生物等样品的观察简便迅速，减少了样品制备之苦；对于液体...     

含水生物样品的环境扫描电镜观察

目前，在常规的扫描电镜中观察含水的生物样品有两种方法：（１）用戊二醛和锇酸固定细胞的骨架，再用乙醇脱水，二氧化碳临界点干燥后喷金，然后放入扫描电镜观察。（２）样品深度冷冻后使用冷冻样品台放入扫描电镜观察。以上两种制备方法都会使样品失去原来的自然面貌。...     

几种热带水果花粉的环境扫描电镜观察

环境扫描电镜可以对很多含水的、导电性差的生物样品进行直接观察，从而避免用常规扫描电镜观察时，由于生物样品经脱水、临界点干燥和导电处理而可能引起的人为变化。本文利用环境扫描电镜，对几种热带水果荔枝、龙眼、芒果、木瓜、杨桃的花粉及其相应的器官进行了直接观察，获得了较满意的结果。     

CS—Ⅰ型低温工作台

本文简单地介绍了CS—Ⅰ型电镜低温工作台的用途及技术规格。该系统可以使样品速冻,并在送样、制备及观察过程中保持真空和低温,最大程度地阻止样品形成冰晶,以便在电镜内观察到接近于自然状态的含水样品。CS—Ⅰ型低温工作台特别适宜于观察生物及其他的含水试样,可配于多种型号的扫描电镜。     

环境扫描电镜对亲水高分子材料的原位观察

20世纪80年代发展起来的环境扫描电镜（environmental seanning eleclron microseope,ESEM）,可直接观察各类非导电材料，而不必对样品表面进行喷镀导电膜，ESEM更为重要的特点是可实现对含水、含油、放气等类样品的原位和动态观察，获得样品自然状态下的真实微观特征，或反应过程中的变化。     

采用法拉第杯评价ESEM的电荷环境

采用环境扫描电镜（ESEM），非导体及含水样品不经过表面喷金或喷碳处理就能直接观察。在ESEM样品室中，电子-离子-样品相互作用，构成了一个复杂的动态电荷环境：入射电子（PE），二次电子（SE）、背散射电子（BSE）受到气体的散射作用；气体分子被PE、SE、BSE电离产生正离子流向样品表面运动，并与电子中和；离子场对SE的场助发射作用等。因此测量及评价ESEM的电荷环境，可为消除荷电效应，或利用荷电效应成像提供依据。     

醋酸酐处理石斛属花粉块的扫描电镜观察研究

目的:探索醋酸酐法制备花粉块扫描电镜样品的可行性。方法:采用醋酸酐分解法处理石斛属植物花粉块,经干燥喷金后制备样品,在扫描电镜下进行观察。结果:经处理后除去花粉块表面粘胶物质的干扰,使花粉粒充分暴露,有助于进一步观察其形态结构。结论:采用醋酸酐分解花粉块制备样品,对于在扫描电镜下观察研究石斛属植物花粉块的形态结构提供了一种可行的思路。     

在制备、检查植物材料中应用国产CS-1型低温工作台的一些特点

装在KYKY-AMRAY-1000B扫描电镜上的国产CS-1型低温工作台,它用液氮泥作样品快速冷却剂。在样品转移过程中采用隔离大气式的密封转移器。用它制备含水丰富的、娇嫩的植物鲜活材料,具有样品表面不裹霜、细胞里面不产生冰晶、赝象小、能保持样品在生活状况下的三维形貌等特点,故能在扫描电镜里对用液氮冷却的样品台上的样品作较长时间的仔细观察。并能正确反映元素在细胞里的含量和分布。制样迅速方便,有简易的断裂和蚀刻装置。     

锂离子电池用聚合物电解质的最新进展II.含液聚合物电解质

由于干态聚合物电解质目前还不能满足聚合物锂离子电池的应用要求,人们致力于开发含液体增塑剂的聚合物电解质,包括凝胶型和微孔型两类体系。本文综述了含液聚合物电解质的最新进展,重点论述了各种新体系和新方法。     

Biodegradable Polyanhydrides as Encapsulation Layers for Transient Electronics

Bioresorbable electronic systems represent an emerging class of technology of interest due to their ability to dissolve, chemically degrade, disintegrate, and/or otherwise physically disappear harmlessly in biological environments, as the basis for temporary implants that avoid the need for secondary surgical extraction procedures. Polyanhydride‐based polymers can serve as hydrophobic encapsulation layers for such systems, as a subset of the broader field of transient electronics, where biodegradation eventually occurs by chain scission. Systematic experimental studies that involve immersion in phosphate‐buffered saline solution at various pH values and/or temperatures demonstrate that dissolution occurs through a surface erosion mechanism, with little swelling. The mechanical properties of this polymer are well suited for use in soft, flexible devices, where integration can occur through a mold‐based photopolymerization technique. Studies of the dependence of the polymer properties on monomer compositions and the rates of permeation on coating thicknesses reveal some of the underlying effects. Simple demonstrations illustrate the ability to sustain operation of underlying biodegradable electronic systems for durations between a few hours to a week during complete immersion in aqueous solutions that approximate physiological conditions. Systematic chemical, physical, and in vivo biological studies in animal models reveal no signs of toxicity or other adverse biological responses.     

σ-π共轭聚合物光折变特征研究

合成一种σ π共轭聚合物 poly(disilanylene 2 ,2′ bipyridine 5 ,5′ diyl)ruthenium (PDSBpy Ru) ,双光束耦合(2BC)、四波混频 (DFWM)及场致双折射实验等证明了该有机物的光导及光折变特性。由于铷化合物的金属与配位体间 (MLCT)电荷转移特性 ,使得该聚合物的光折变特性得以增强。实验测得双光束耦合增益系数为 30cm-1 ,四波混频实验测得光栅衍射率约为 1 0 %。     

Are pyrolyzed polyimides conducting polymers?

We present the optical properties and the temperature dependence of the resistivity of the pyrolyzed polyimide Pyraliin® which is electrically conducting. Our results indicate that the pyrolyzed material can be described as consisting of carbonized islands in an insulating matrix.     

聚合物光纤光谱特性研究

本文根据不同的精度要求,采用CCD光谱仪和高精度光谱仪测量了聚合物光纤的光谱损耗、吸收谱与发射谱,分析了这几种光谱特性,讨论了有源聚合物光纤中的拉曼谱对荧光谱的影响等现象。     

On the Impact of Linear Siloxanated Side Chains on the Molecular Self-Assembling and Charge Transport Properties of Conjugated Polymers

Herein reported is the impact of the functionalization of four different semiconducting polymer structures by a linear siloxane-terminated side-chains. The latter is tetrasiloxane (Si₄) or trisiloxane (Si₃) chains, substituted at their extremity to a pentylene linker. The polymer structure is based on 5,6-difluorobenzothiadiazole comonomer (PF2), a diketopyrrolopyrrole unit (PDPP-TT), a naphtalediimide unit (PNDI-T₂), and a poly[bis(thiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2,b]thiophene (PBTTT). The properties of these siloxane-functionalized polymers are scrutinized and compared with the ones of their alkyl-substituted polymer analogues. The impact of the alkyl-to-siloxane chain substitution clearly depends on the molecular section of the side chains. When a branched 2-octyldodecyl chain (C₂₀) is replaced by a Si₄ chain of same molecular section, the greatest impact is the strong increase of the π-stacking overlap of the polymer backbones. This effect leads to a significative enhancement of the charge mobility values of the polymers. As in-plane and out-of-plane mobility are increased simultaneously, this π-overlap enhancement effect happens to be preponderant over the polymer orientation variations. When a linear tetradecyl chain (C₁₄) is replaced by a linear Si₃ chain of twice larger molecular section, the polymer structure is profoundly affected. While PBTTT-C₁₄ is crystalline and purely edge-on, PBTTT-Si₃ is mesomorphic and shows a mixed face-on/edge-on orientation.     

退火对聚合物有机发光器件的影响

制作了结构为ITO／MEH—PPV／AI的单层聚合物有机发光器件(PLED),在镀铝电极前后分别对器件进行高于MEH—PPV玻璃化温度的退火处理。结果表明,镀铝电极后的退火处理可使器件的效率提高30％左右,器件的寿命增加40％左右;而镀铝电极前的退火处理对器件影响不大。     

Design, fabrication, and evaluation of a 5 F-5 V prototype of solid-state PANI based supercapacitor

A 5 F-5 V prototype of solid state supercapacitor based on polymer electrolyte (PANI) and XSPEEK composing of six single cells stacked in series has been fabricated. The scale-up from a small single cell to a larger stack prototype of a solid-state electrochemical supercapacitor is discussed in this paper. The developed prototype showed a higher series resistance than estimated in our previous study on individual cell supercapacitor. The fabricated prototype achieved a specific capacitance of 480 F/g. The assembled capacitor has been characterized by cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy and galvanostatic charging/discharging. The performances of the electrodes have been compared with that of the single cell electrodes of area 4 cm².     

A Path Beyond Metal and Silicon:Polymer/Nanomaterial Composites for Stretchable Strain Sensors

Conventional strain sensors based on metals and semiconductors are rigid and cannot measure soft and stretchable objects. Thus, new strain sensors based on polymer/nanomaterial composites are attracting more interest. Although much effort has been dedicated to achieve high values of both sensitivity and stretchability with linearity, this work endeavors to search and establish guidelines for the development of stretchable strain sensors, by critically reviewing conventional sensors and examining recent progress. It starts from introducing key parameters for conventional strain sensors; these parameters are further discussed for their potential impact on new polymer/nanomaterial strain sensors. The work concludes that there are no general benchmarks for conventional strain sensors utilized in industry. From the findings, the authors suggest that stretchable strain sensors should be custom designed and developed to meet particular measurement requirements, in comparison with a generic aim of yielding a sensor with high degrees of stretchability, sensitivity, and linearity. Challenges are discussed, including reliability, calibration to be used as proper gauges, and soft data acquisition systems.     

有机聚合物光波导制作工艺综述

有机聚合物光波导光互连已成为实现短距离计算通信设计目标的最佳解决方法。短距离光互连是未来互连方向,综合性能优良的聚合物多模光波导是光互连中的重要组成部分。有机聚合物光波导的制作工艺对光波导的性能具有重要影响,故此对有机聚合物光波导的制作工艺进行了综述,并提出了一些未来的研发方向。