MIMO-OFDM系统的物理层技术及其PHY-MAC跨层设计

首先讨论了MIMO-OFDM无线通信系统的物理层技术原理，接着介绍了一种下行MIMO-OFDM系统中基于PHY-MAC跨层设计的保证不同类型（实时与非实时）用户服务质量（QoS）的动态资源分配（DRA）方案。该方案中系统能够根据不同的信道状态以及不同类型的QoS要求在PHY层和MAC层联合动态分配资源，相对传统的分层结构设计更为合理有效。     

OFDMA系统跨层无线资源管理的研究

文章介绍了OFDMA无线通信系统的基本原理及其无线资源管理的基本内容,提出了一种OFDMA系统中PHY-MAC跨层设计的无线资源管理方案。在该方案中,系统能够根据不同的信道状态以及不同类型的QoS要求在PHY层和MAC层联合动态分配资源,比传统的分层结构设计更为合理有效。     

基于802．16的跨层调度器设计

首先对基于IEEE802．16标准定义的QoS架构进行了扩充,然后对BS分组调度器进行了具体的设计,将其分为服务信息模块、信道状态反馈模块和服务调度模块3个部分。为不同类型的服务流提供QoS支持,设计了MAC—PHY跨层调度器,综合考虑无线信道的状态和MAC层业务QoS要求,对业务进行3级调度：     

一种基于IEEE 802．11a的PHY—MAC跨层设计

文章基于IEEE802．11a协议,从理论上分析了物理层的编码速率、调制方式,以及MAC层的数据帧长度对吞吐率的影响,提出一种基于PHY和MAC层的跨层算法。仿真结果表明,文章提出的PHY-MAC跨层传输方案能显著提高系统的数据吞吐率。     

基于区分业务的OFDM跨层动态资源分配算法

跨层设计是目前比较流行的、有效的无线系统设计方法.本文针对多业务(实时业务和非实时业务)正交频分复用(OFDM)系统,提出了一种跨层结构的动态资源分配算法.该算法不仅在物理层上考虑信道状态信息和功率限制条件,而且在MAC层上针对不同类型业务采取不同的调度策略:(1)对于高优先级的实时业务,采用最大化容量的OFDMA策略,在频域上最大限度地利用多用户分集提高频谱效率,在时域上通过时隙的分配来保证时延边界;(2)对于低优先级的非实时业务,在频域上采用基于比例公平的OFDMA策略,在时域上尽力而为地分配时隙.仿真结果表明,与传统的单层资源分配算法相比,所提算法能够在保证不同业务服务质量(QoS)的前提下,大幅度地提高系统性能.     

基于跨层公平性准则的自适应无线资源分配方法

该文提出了一种新的公平性准则,它既适用于实时业务又适用于非实时业务,是一种对物理层和MAC层联合优化的跨层公平性准则。基于该准则提出了一种新的跨层自适应资源分配方案。仿真结果显示,该方案不仅可以较好地满足用户提出的QoS要求,而且可以保证用户间服务质量满意度的公平性。     

基于跨层公平性准则的自适应无线资源分配方法

该文提出了一种新的公平性准则,它既适用于实时业务又适用于非实时业务,是一种对物理层和MAC层联合优化的跨层公平性准则。基于该准则提出了一种新的跨层自适应资源分配方案。仿真结果显示,该方案不仅可以较好地满足用户提出的QoS要求,而且可以保证用户间服务质量满意度的公平性。     

基于QoS保证的多用户OFDM系统跨层资源分配

针对正交频分复用(OFDM)系统资源分配和调度问题,提出一种基于第三代移动通信长期演进(LTE)系统的分块跨层资源分配算法。此算法考虑物理层的信道状态信息、媒体接入层(MAC)的有限用户缓存队列长度、用户的丢失率和时延等QoS要求,以提高系统频谱效率为总体目标。通过从实时视频业务和混合业务两种业务类型下进行大量对比分析,得出提出的算法能有效提高系统的频谱效率和降低系统时延。     

LTE中MAC层的随机接入过程的研究

LTE系统的随机接入是UE在开始和eNode B通信之前的接入过程,是保证通信建立的决定性环节。为了突出随机接入过程在LTE系统的地位和作用,文章从随机接入过程的分类,在MAC层和PHY的功能和步骤等方面分别进行研究,尤其对随机接入过程在MAC层的流程进行论证,得出仅有一步流程是纯粹的PHY的结论,为进一步深入研究随机接入过程的PHY奠定了良好的基础。     

Ad Hoc网络中一种高效的接纳控制算法

提出了一种保证Ad hoc网络中实时多媒体业务服务质量（QoS）的高效接纳控制方案。该机制采用跨层设计思想,以网络中每个节点MAC层感知的信息为基本依据,在新业务申请进入网络时在路由层发起接纳判决过程,在保证已有业务QoS不受损害的同时,新业务的QoS要求能够得到满足时才允许接入。该接纳过程具有以下特点:首先,它由目的节点发起反向逐跳进行,相对于以往由源节点发起的接纳控制过程可以节省一半的控制负载;其次,在每跳节点进行接纳判决的同时,对带宽进行暂时预留以防止过度接纳和过度预留情况的发生。分析和仿真证明了该机制能很好的保证实时业务的吞吐量,端到端延迟和延迟抖动等QoS参数,并且跟现有机制相比具有控制负载小,带宽利用率高的特点。      

基于DOCSIS的CM和CMTS的设计与实现

HFC（Hybrid Fiber Coax)为多媒体和宽带业务提供了一种宽带接入方式。本文论述了HFC接入网的结构和频谱安排,并结合HFC接入网的双向改造,对媒体接入层（MAC）和物理层（PHY）进行了具体分析,同时给出DOCSIS（Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specification)规范中MAC协议解决上行信道分配问题的实现方法以及物理层的方案;最后,给出了符合DOCSIS规范的CM（Cable Modem）和CMTS（Cable Modem Terminal System)的软件和硬件实现方案。     

Cross-layer resource allocation for real-time services in OFDM-based cognitive radio systems

The resource allocation problem on the downlink of a multiuser OFDM-based cognitive radio (CR) system is formulated using a cross-layer (MAC and PHY layers) approach with the aim of satisfying quality of service (QoS) requirements in real-time applications. The number of subchannels available to the CR system is time-varying as a result of the stochastic nature of the activities of the primary users (PUs). The MAC layer QoS requirements are dynamically converted to PHY layer rate requirements; the conversion depends on the delivery status of queued packets as well as the number of available subchannels. Simulation results show that the proposed cross-layer resource allocation algorithm can provide substantial transmit power reductions compared to existing PHY layer and MAC layer solutions designed for multiuser OFDM systems.     

Cross-Layer Multi-Packet Reception Based Medium Access Control and Resource Allocation for Space-Time Coded MIMO/OFDM

In this paper, a cross-layer design framework for multi-input multi-output (MIMO)/orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based wireless local area networks (WLANs) is proposed. In contrast to conventional systems where the medium access control (MAC) and physical (PHY) layers are separately optimized, our proposed methodology jointly designs a multi-packet reception (MPR) based protocol with adaptive resource allocation. Specifically, a realistic collision model is employed by taking into consideration the PHY layer parameters such as channel information, space-time coded beamforming and multiuser detection, as well as sub-carrier, bit, and power allocation. The allocation problem is formulated, so as to maximize the system throughput, subject to the constraints from both the MAC and PHY layers. These constraints depend on the results of access contention, data packets? length, users? spatial correlation and the quality of channel feedback information. An iterative algorithm is then provided to obtain the optimal solution. Simulation results will show that our proposed approach achieves significant improvement in system performance such as average throughput and packet delay, compared with conventional schemes where cross-layer design and optimization is not used.     

一种环境感知的无线Mesh网络自适应QoS路径选择算法

本文针对如何改善无线多跳Mesh网络的服务质量,满足无线多媒体业务对数据传输的带宽、时延、抖动的要求等问题,研究了一种基于无线信道状态和链路质量统计的MAC层最大重传次数的自适应调整算法。该算法通过对无线Mesh网络的无线信道环境的动态感知,利用分层判断法区分无线分组丢失的主要原因是无线差错还是网络拥塞导致,实时调整MAC层的最佳重传次数,降低无线网络中的分组冲突概率。基于链路状态信息的统计和最大重传策略,提出了一种启发式的基于环境感知的QoS路由优化机制HEAOR。该算法通过动态感知底层链路状态信息,利用灰色关联分析法自适应选择最优路径,在不增加系统复杂度的基础上,减少链路误判概率,提高传输效率。NS2仿真结果表明,HEAOR算法能有效减少重路由次数,降低链路失效概率,提高网络的平均吞吐率。本文提出的方法不仅能够优化MAC层的重传,而且通过发现跨层设计的优化参数实现对路径的优化选择。      

Cross-Layer Design of Wireless Multihop Backhaul Networks With Multiantenna Beamforming

A cross-layer design approach is considered for joint routing and resource allocation for the physical (PHY) and the medium access control (MAC) layers in multihop wireless backhaul networks. The access points (APs) are assumed to be equipped with multiple antennas capable of both transmit and receive beamforming. A nonlinear optimization problem is formulated, which maximizes the fair throughput of the APs in the network under the routing and the PHY/MAC constraints. Dual decomposition is employed to decouple the original problem into smaller subproblems in different layers, which are coordinated by the dual prices. The network layer subproblem can be solved in a distributed manner and the PHY layer subproblem in a semidistributed manner. To solve the PHY layer subproblem, an iterative minimum mean square error (IMMSE) algorithm is used with the target link signal-to-interference-and-noise-ratio (SINR) set dynamically based on the price generated from the upper layers. A scheduling heuristic is also developed, which improves the choice of the transmission sets over time. Simulation results illustrate the efficacy of the proposed cross-layer design.     

SINR-Constrained Joint Scheduling and Optimal Resource Allocation in VLC Based WPAN System

A joint scheduling and optimal resource allocation scheme for wireless personal area network using visible light is proposed. In current IEEE 802.15.7 standard, multiple channel scheduling in medium access control (MAC) layer and variable data rate opportunity in physical layer (PHY) are performed separately. Therefore, the resources are not utilized effectively owing to the exclusion of channel variable characteristics during the scheduling. In this paper, the case for combining the PHY and MAC layer into a cross-layer platform is conducted for utilizing the resources efficiently. Generally in visible light communication (VLC) system, data rate of one link impacts on its neighbor link due to their high signal-to-noise ratio and this impact varies gradually according to some perspectives such as, field-of-view interaction and distance, hence allocated rate of both users could be dissipated. Moreover, the cell radius in VLC system is small compared with other small cell network and users from adjacent cells impact on transmission link which arises co-channel interference. To solve these problems, a novel joint scheduling and rate allocation (JSRA) algorithm associated with throughput maximization and channel-state has been proposed in VLC scenario. The objective of JSRA model is, each channel can determine the feasibility of its rate which always intends to increase, by exploiting the constraint value of signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of that scheduled channel. The results show that the performance of joint control approach increases the total system average throughput and the spectral efficiency.     

WLAN层间服务接口设计与FPGA实现

提出一种无线局域网中物理层与媒体访问控制(MAC)层的层间接口设计方案。该方案分别从硬件连线规划、地址分配、层间原语交互操作和层间数据收发等几个方面进行设计,并在FPGA上实现。通过一套完整的无线传输实验平台进行实验验证,结果表明,此接口功能符合IEEE 802.11a协议要求,物理实现简单,可扩展性好。     

A Cross-Layer Adaptive Modulation and Coding Scheme for Energy Efficient Software Defined Radio

In this paper, a simple and novel cross-layer adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) scheme, which increases the energy efficiency of the wireless communication system is proposed. Traditionally, AMC has been used to improve MAC-layer performance in terms of coded bit error rate, packet error rate, and throughput. The modulation and coding scheme is switched according to signal-to-noise ratio thresholds at the PHY layer. We extend the approach, proposing a framework for energy-efficient cross-layer AMC that captures the impact of both MAC layer and PHY layer parameters on the AMC switching criteria. Cross-layer designs are naturally suited to software defined radio applications. Not only are they readily implemented in software, but also they are integral to the radio components. They can optimize performance of the radio either for a given configuration or adaptively. Through examples of WLAN physical layer and Frequency Domain Equalized systems, we demonstrate our AMC scheme and verify its effectiveness by simulation.     

Cross-layer resource allocation for integrated Voice/Data traffic in wireless cellular networks

A major task in next-generation wireless cellular networks is provisioning of quality of service (QoS) over the bandwidth limited and error-prone wireless link. In this paper, we propose a cross-layer design scheme to provide QoS for voice and data traffic in wireless cellular networks with differentiated services (DiffServ) backbone. The scheme combines the transport layer protocols and link layer resource allocation to both guarantee the QoS requirements in the transport layer and achieve efficient resource utilization in the link layer. Optimal resource allocation problems for voice and data flows are formulated to guarantee pre-specified QoS with minimal required resources. For integrated voice/data traffic in a cell, a hybrid time-division/code-division medium access control (MAC) scheme is presented to achieve efficient multiplexing. Theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed cross-layer approach.