高速补充信道对cdma2000-1x前向链路功率分配的影响

分析了cdma2000-1x系统的前向信道发射功率分配。通过仿真试验及理论推导，给出了导频信道和业务信道信号质量之间的相互依赖关系并绘出导频信号和业务信道之间的相关性曲线：根据这种相关性曲线，从而发现使总发射功率最小的最佳导频功率；最后提出并分析了高速补充信道对cdma2000-1x前向链路功率分配的影响。     

cdma1x无线子系统导频信道功率分配分析

分析了目前联通CDMA网络建设中的主要问题之一——导频功率分配问题。主要介绍了cdma 1x系统的信道类型，以及前向链路信道功率分配原则，并且对导频信道功率与无线网络覆盖和容量之间的关系进行了初步探讨。     

cdma2000—lx系统前向链路渐近容量的研究

CDMA系统是干扰限制系统 ,其前向链路受信噪比、发射功率、数据速率等诸多因素的影响 ,本文通过推导和数据仿真分析了前向链路导频和业务信道信噪比以及业务信道比特率等对cdma2 0 0 0 - 1x系统前向链路渐近容量的影响     

CDMA2000 1x EV-DO Rev A容量分析

一、影响1x EV-DO反向容量的因素 CDMA2000 1x EV-DO前向链路以时分为主,在前向链路设计中采用了先进的多用户调度技术、HARQ技术(结合递增冗余和提前中止技术)与速率控制技术等多种优化技术,有效改善了系统容量.而反向链路是以码分为主,系统容量主要受终端发射功率、基站码道数、用户分布和邻区干扰等因素影响.此外,1x EV-DO反向开销信道(反向导频信道、DRC信道和ACK信道)也需要占用终端的部分功率资源和系统码资源,从而导致系统反向容量的下降.     

多用户多速率OFDM中的子载波分配和功率控制

该文基于对多用户多速率正交频分复用(OFDM)系统性能的分析,提出了子载波分配和功率控制方案。在采用P-QAM调制的下行链路中,如已知所有子信道的信息状态(CSI),在满足每一个用户的服务质量的前提下,先给固定速率的用户分配最优子信道,再给变速率的用户按照子信道链路增益最大化分配剩余的子信道;每一个用户分配的子信道数目,由链路增益的取值区间决定。信号发射功率则按照注水法则分配:链路增益大的子信道分配的功率大,链路增益小的子信道分配的功率小,则系统的总传输速率可达最大。仿真结果证明了该文提出的分配方案优于Jang的分配方案。     

cdma2000系统中的快速前向功率控制

１前言ＣＤＭＡ系统的实际应用表明 ,系统的容量并不仅仅是取决于反向容量 ,往往还受限于前向链路的容量 ,尤其当ｃｄｍａ２０００系统引入了数据业务后 ,高速数据业务引起前向发射功率波动幅度加剧 ,增加了前向功率控制的复杂度 ,这就对前向链路的功率控制提出了更高的要求。前向链路功率控制 (ＦＬＰＣ)的目的就是合理分配前向业务信道功率 ,在保证通信质量的前提下 ,使其对相邻基站／扇区产生的干扰最小 ,也就是使前向信道的发射功率在满足移动台解调最小需求信噪比的情况下尽可能小。通过调整 ,既能维持基站同位于小区边缘的移动台之间…     

分布式残余频偏信道中的Alamouti STBC-OFDM功率分配

在具有不同残余频偏的分布发射天线多径瑞利衰落信道中,该文使用Cholesky判决反馈检测的Alamouti STBC-OFDM链路,提出了一种抑制残余频偏影响的发射功率分配方法:以最小化残余频偏下链路的平均误比特率下界为准则,为发射天线分配功率。首先推导了残余频偏下链路的平均误比特率下界,然后给出了发射天线间最优功率分配因子的闭合解。仿真结果表明,与传统的假设频率理想同步的功率分配方法相比,在残余频偏对性能影响占主导作用的场景中,该文方法提升了链路性能,提升程度随着两根发射天线到接收机间平均信道功率增益之比的增加而增大。     

WCDMA上行链路一种新的参数优化方法

本文在研究了WCDMA上行链路导频信道辅助相干解调的基础上,提出了参数优化的一种新方法.根据给定信噪比下误码概率最小的准则,本文得到了理论上信道估计器最佳的平均长度和导频信道相对数据信道最优的功率比.     

宽带CDMA上行链路含导频信号的调制方式的性能分析

研究了宽带 Ｃ Ｄ Ｍ Ａ 上行链路含有导频信道／导频符号的调制方式,分别给出相应的相干解调模型。分析和比较,含导频信道／导频符号的相干解调与非相干解调的性能。并推导出导频信号功率占信号总功率的比例与所获信噪比增益大小,及与系统容量关系。表明宽带 Ｃ Ｄ Ｍ Ａ 在上行链路采用含导频的相干解调技术,可以带来上行链路容量的提高。     

衰落余量对cdma2000 1x前向链路发射功率和容量的影响

衰落余量决定链路可靠性并影响信道发射功率和用户容量的数值。本就衰落余量对cdma2000lx系统前向链路发射功率和渐近容量的影响进行了深入分析，首先介绍衰落余量概念，提出了cdma2000lx系统前向链路的发射功率和渐近容量表达式，然后通过仿真实验和数值计算给出一定条件下cdma2000lx系统前向链路的业务与导频SNR之间存在的对应关系，最后利用公式与仿真数据研究了衰落余量对前向总发射功率和渐近容量的影响。研究结果表明，cdma2000lx系统的前向总发射功率和渐近容量对衰落余量的大小十分敏感，衰落余量每增加ldB，都会引起总发射功率大幅上升，而渐近容量则迅速下降。     

Improvements in W-CDMA: principles and experimental results

This article first reviews the channel structure and spreading code assignment for the physical layer and transport channel multiplexing along with a sophisticated rate-matching scheme that accommodates composite transport channels with various levels of quality of service (QoS) on one physical channel. Then, the key technologies of wideband ds-cdma (w-cdma) wireless access are presented and the results of experiments pertaining to these technologies are evaluated. Flexible system deployment is possible by employing inter-cell asynchronous operation with a three-step fast cell search method. The signal-to-interference power ratio (sir) measurement based fast transmit power control (tpc) guarantees the minimum transmit power according to the channel load and the changes in the link conditions due to fading. Furthermore, various diversity technologies are described such as pilot symbol-assisted (psa) coherent Rake combining, antenna diversity, site diversity (soft/softer handover), and transmit diversity in the forward link that are effective in decreasing the required transmit power, which results in increases system capacity. This article also presents link-capacity enhancing techniques such as using an interference canceller (IC) and adaptive antenna array diversity (AMD) receiver/transmitter. Experimental results are presented for an actual multipath fading channel that indicate the potential of the IC and aaad transceiver to decrease the mobile transmit power in the reverse link and interference from high rate users with high transmit power in the forward link.     

Wideband DS-CDMA for next-generation mobile communications systems

Wideband wireless access based on direct sequence code division multiple access aimed at third-generation mobile communications systems is reviewed. W-CDMA is designed to flexibly offer wideband services which cannot be provided by present cellular systems, with various data rates as high as 2 Mb/s. The important concept of W-CDMA is the introduction of intercell asynchronous operation and the pilot channel associated with individual data channels. Intercell asynchronous operation facilitates continuous system deployment from outdoors to indoors. Other technical features of W-CDMA include fast cell search under intercell asynchronous operation, fast transmit power control, coherent spreading code tracking, a coherent RAKE receiver, orthogonal multispreading factor forward link, and variable-rate transmission with blind rate detection. The introduction of the data-channel-associated pilot channel allows W-CDMA to support interference cancellation and adaptive antenna array techniques that can significantly increase the link capacity and coverage. This article presents the radio link performance evaluated by computer simulation. Field experiment radio link performance results are also presented     

Analytic forward link performance of pilot-aided coherent DS-CDMAunder correlated Rician fading

This paper presents a methodology for analyzing the forward link performance of a pilot-aided coherent DS-CDMA system under correlated Rician fading. In the forward link of a CDMA system, orthogonal modulation is usually used to minimize the self-interference. To maintain the orthogonality and reduce the receiver complexity, a common pilot channel (shared by all users) is employed to provide the reference for coherent demodulation. A tradeoff shows that a higher pilot ratio yields good channel estimates but takes away some capacity from traffic users, while a lower pilot ratio results in poorer channel estimates and leads to higher traffic power per user. This paper derives the analytical error performance, which includes (1) imperfect channel estimation by the pilot channel, (2) a very general channel model where correlations between paths as well as Rician fading are considered, and (3) interference patterns due to multiple paths and the surrounding base stations' transmissions. This paper also considers self-interference due to the loss of orthogonality caused by pulse shaping     

Low power ring oscillator for IoT applications

In order to scale with the demand of higher data rates and improved spectral efficiency in next generation wireless communication systems, a large-scale multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) technology called massive MIMO has been proposed. In massive MIMO, appropriate signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values can be achieved by the addition of base station (BS) antennas in place of increasing transmit power. Pilot-based channel estimation is widely used in conventional MIMO systems, where pilot signal sequences are sent from the user terminals (UTs) to the BS to estimate the channel. In massive MIMO-based cellular networks, channel estimation in a given cell will be impaired by the pilot signal sequences transmitted by users in other cells—rendering the addition of antennas or transmit power ineffective. This effect is called pilot contamination. Therefore, pilot-based channel estimation limits the performance of massive MIMO. Semi-blind and blind methods are alternatives to pilot-based channel estimation that perform channel estimation with short pilot signal sequences and without pilot signal sequences, respectively. Blind channel estimation is one of the promising solutions to the pilot contamination problem in massive MIMO. This paper compares, using MATLAB simulations of a cluster-based COST 2100 channel model, the performance of pilot-based, semi-blind, blind, and adaptive-blind channel estimation methods. The pilot contamination effect on different channel estimation methods and how channel estimation methods can be used to overcome pilot contamination are shown. Finally, an adaptive independent component analysis (ICA)-based channel estimation method, which outperforms conventional ICA in terms of computational complexity, is proposed.     

Interference Avoidance through Pilot‐Based Spectrum Sensing Algorithm in Overlaid Femtocell Networks

Co‐channel interference between macro–femtocell networks is an unresolved problem, due to the frequency reuse phenomenon. To mitigate such interference, a secondary femtocell must acquire channel‐state knowledge about a co‐channel macrocell user and accordingly condition the maximum transmit power of femtocell user. This paper proposes a pilot‐based spectrum sensing (PSS) algorithm for overlaid femtocell networks to sense the presence of a macrocell user over a channel of interest. The PSS algorithm senses the pilot tones in the received signal through the power level and the correlation metric comparisons between the received signal and the local reference pilots. On ensuring the existence of a co‐channel macrocell user, the maximum transmit power of the corresponding femtocell user is optimized so as to avoid interference. Time and frequency offsets are carefully handled in our proposal. Simulation results show that the PSS algorithm outperforms existing sensing techniques, even at poor received signal quality. It requires less sensing time and provides better detection probability over existing techniques.     

一种基于均匀分布型的MIMO OFDM系统最优导频设计

本文提出了一种针对存在虚子载波的MIMO OFDM系统下基于均匀分布型的最优导频设计,该设计通过采用时域最小二乘信道估计(TD-LS-CE),且以数据子载波的频域信道响应的均方误差为准则,在最大化带宽效率的前提下,对各发送天线上均匀分布型的导频子载波进行功率最优化分配,并推导了其闭式解。最后,仿真结果表明该最优导频序列在MSE、BER性能方面均优于传统的移相正交导频序列和等功率分配的交错正交导频序列。     

Effect of imperfect channel estimation on transmit diversity in CDMA systems

In this paper, the effect of imperfect channel estimation on the transmit diversity based on space-time block coding for the downlink of a direct-sequence code-division multiple-access system is studied. Two transmit antenna and one receiving antennas are employed. However, the results of this paper can be extended to the system with more receiving antennas. Each channel is modeled as frequency-selective Rayleigh fading and the pair of channels corresponding to two transmit antennas are mutually independent. Both spatial diversity gain and multipath diversity gain are obtained in the system. The system performance is evaluated in terms of bit-error rate under the perfect and imperfect channel estimation. A pilot-assisted channel-estimation scheme with one common spreading code sequence is exploited. It is shown that the inaccurate channel estimates suffering from multiple access and multipath interference significantly degrade the system performance and can be effectively improved by use of a simple low-pass filter. The investigation of the power ratio of pilot to data channels illustrates that the base station should dynamically adjust the transmit power of the pilot channel according to the varying system configurations in order to achieve the best performance.     

Power control and beamforming for systems with multiple transmit and receive antennas

This paper investigates the performance of narrowband, slowly fading, and delay-limited multiple-antenna systems where channel state information (CSI) is available at the transmission end. This situation can arise in time-division duplex (TDD) based two-way systems where channel state estimation can be performed using the signal received from the opposite link. Power control methods which attempt to keep the transmission rate constant at the expense of randomizing the transmit power are considered. It is shown that significant savings in average transmit power (sometimes on the order of tens of decibels) can be expected compared to systems which keep the total transmit power constant. Several practical channel coding examples using are illustrated and their bit and frame error rate performance are discussed.