一种新的正交直接数字频率合成器设计方案

为了提高正交直接频率合成器输出频谱纯度和降低逻辑单元占用率,提出了一种新的分解二阶多项式近似算法。这种算法是将正(余)弦函数分解为几个相关函数,进行二阶多项式近似。与传统二阶多项式近似算法相比,该算法输出频谱纯度较高,无杂散动态范围(SFDR)可达到99.3dBc;该算法所占用的逻辑单元比二阶多项式近似算法减少20%。实验表明,在设计高频谱性能的正交直接数字频率合成器(Quadrature-DDFS)方面,该算法具有明显优势。     

高性能数字频率合成器的设计与实现

通过对直接数字频率合成技术的研究,采用单片机AT89S51控制DDS芯片AD9854设计出一种高性能直接数字频率合成器。该数字频率合成器采用并行通信的方式传输控制字,通过改变控制字来改变输出频率,得到所需频率的正弦波。软件上采用菜单式、全部键盘控制方式。用4×4矩阵键盘控制,进行功能选择以及设置频率、幅度和相位控制字。界面显示用带中文字库的液晶TS-12864显示,实现了良好的人机交互,系统操作使用方便。用单片机控制DDS数字芯片实现的数字频率合成器,有着比模拟频率合成器更好的抗干扰性、频率分辨率和频谱纯度,同时有着更小的体积。系统经测试得到所需频率的正弦波,数字频率合成器设计成功。     

DDS电路的低功耗设计

枝节式数字频率合成器（DDS）是现代频率合成的主要工具,具有频率分辨率高、频率转换速度高等优点。很长一段时间,DDS设计一直受限于高功耗所带来的高成本,并且应用系统的低功耗需求也使得DDS电路的低功耗设计变得日益重要。文章首先对影响CMOS集成电路功耗的各种因素进行了总结,然后结合DDS电路的实际情况,对DDS电路在设计上进行了算法级和系统级的改进来降低功耗。算法级采用了改进的CORDIC算法;系统级采用并行运算的方法来实现。流片验证了改进后的结构可以使功耗减小20％左右。     

基于DSP控制的直接数字频率合成器的实现

系统地介绍了一种低杂散、低相位噪声、快速捷变频频率合成器的实现途径。提出了使用TMS320VC5409高速DSP作为控制电路，由DDS芯片AD9858构成宽带、低相噪、低功耗数字频率合成器的方案。详细阐述了AD公司最新的内部时钟可达1GHz的高性能DDS芯片AD9858的主要性能及其在快速捷变频频率合成器设计中的应用方法。给出了具体的超宽带应用电路和最终的测试结果，并对如何提高DDS频谱纯度进行了探讨。该数字频率合成器通过编程可方便地实现单点频、线性调频和调相功能，经过实际应用达到了比较满意的效果。     

一种多通道直接数字频率合成器的设计

基于直接数字频率合成(DDS)的原理,设计实现了四通道的直接数字频率合成器。其内部集成四路DAC,最高工作频率达到500 MHz。分析实现相位幅度转换的CORDIC算法原理并进行算法改进,降低了整体电路的功耗。     

基于线性插值的DDFS中的相位-幅度映射研究

提出了采用线性插值的方法来实现直接数字频率合成器（DDFS）结构中相位到正弦曲线幅度之间的映射（简称“相幅映射”）。该方法使用具有分段连续性质的线性分段来近似正弦函数曲线的第一象限部分；然后根据正弦曲线的象限对称性，重构完整的正弦曲线。文中分析了基于线性插值技术的DDS的频谱特性；然后对基于该方法的DDS的“无杂散动态范围”进行了研究。最后，提出了线性插值系数选择的详细、系统的步骤，从而取得期望的SFDR。     

一种适用于便携式多模式全球卫星导航系统接收机的低功耗宽带频率合成器设计

本文提出了一种适用于便携式多模式全球卫星导航系统（GNSS）接收机的低功耗宽带频率合成器,并分析了GNSS接收机频率合成器的设计要点。该频率合成器通过采用具有调谐曲线补偿功能的单一VCO实现了较宽的频率范围,同时具有较低的功耗和好的相位噪声性能。该频率合成器在CMOS 0.18um 1P6M工艺上流片验证成功。测试表明,带内相位噪声小于-95dBc@200KHz,频率调谐范围为1.47-1.83GHz,而整个电路面积仅为0.55mm2,整个频率合成器功耗小于11.2mw。     

使用三位三阶Δ∑调制器的集成1GHz小数频率合成器

本文实现了一个采用三位三阶Δ∑调制器的高频谱纯度集成小数频率合成器.该频率合成器采用了模拟调谐和数字调谐组合技术来提高相位噪声性能,优化的电源组合可以避免各个模块之间的相互干扰,并且提高鉴频鉴相器的线性度和提高振荡器的调谐范围.通过采用尾电流源滤波技术和减小振荡器的调谐系数,在片压控振荡器具有很低的相位噪声,而通过采用开关电容阵列,该压控振荡器达到了大约100MHz的调谐范围,该开关电容阵列由在片数字调谐系统进行控制.该频率合成器已经采用0.18μm CMOS工艺实现,仿真结果表明,该频率频率合成器的环路带宽约为14kHz,最大带内相位噪声约为-106dBc/Hz;在偏离载波频率100kHz处的相位噪声小于-120dBc/Hz,具有很高的频谱纯度.该频率合成器还具有很快的反应速度,其锁定时间约为160μs.     

基于小数分频锁相的X波段频率合成器设计

介绍了一种基于小数分频锁相技术的X波段频率合成器的设计方法。该频率合成器采用了内部集成VCO的锁相芯片进行电路设计,可在8.45～9.55 GHz频率范围内实现任意步进点频输出,并可实现大带宽线性调频信号输出,具有低相位噪声、大带宽、高集成度、小体积、低功耗和低成本等优点。最后给出了频率合成器的测试结果,包括信号的频谱测试图、跳频时间测试曲线和相位噪声测试曲线等。     

一种小体积X波段频率合成器设计

介绍了一种小体积频率合成器的设计，该频率合成器通过直接数字频率合成器（DDS）产生线性调频信号，通过锁相环产生固定二本振信号，通过锁相环（PLL）与2 倍频器产生一本振信号，通过变频部分完成二次混频产生射频激励信号。同时采用现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）完成DDS 控制以及与系统通讯，电源控制部分产生各种电源。     

Arbitrary waveform DDFS utilizing Chebyshev polynomials interpolation

A new technique of arbitrary waveform direct digital frequency synthesis (DDFS) is introduced. In this method, one period of the desired periodic waveform is divided into m sections, and each section is approximated by a series of Chebyshev polynomials up to degree d. By expanding the resultant Chebyshev polynomials, a power series of degree d is produced. The coefficients of this power series are obtained by a closed-form direct formula. To reconstruct the desired signal, the coefficients of the approximated power series are placed in a small ROM, which delivers the coefficients to the inputs of a digital system. This digital system contains digital multipliers and adders to simulate the desired polynomial, as well as a phase accumulator for generating the digital time base. The output of this system is a reconstructed signal that is a good approximation of the desired waveform. The accuracy of the output signal depends on the degree of the reconstructing polynomial, the number of subsections, the wordlength of the truncated phase accumulator output, as well as the word length of the DDFS system output. The coefficients are not dependent on the sampling frequency; therefore, the proposed system is ideal for frequency sweeping. The proposed method is adopted to build a traditional DDFS to generate a sinusoidal signal. The tradeoff between the ROM capacity, number of sections, and spectral purity for an infinite output wordlength is also investigated.     

一种用于铷频标的紧凑型直接数字频率合成器

研发了高精度铷频标芯片SoC实现中应用的一种紧凑型直接数字频率合成器(DDFS).为了减小芯片面积和降低功耗,采用正弦对称技术、modified Sunderland技术、正弦相位差技术、四线逼近技术以及量化和误差ROM技术对相位转正弦的映射数据进行了压缩.利用这些技术,ROM尺寸压缩了98%.采用标准0.35μm CMOS工艺,一个具有32位相位存储深度和10位DAC的紧凑型DDFS流片成功,其核心面积为1.6mm2.在3.3V电源下,该芯片的功耗为167mW,无杂散动态范围(SFDR)为61dB.     

基于六线逼近法的DDFS算法的实现

为了提高直接数字频率合成技术的资源利用率,结合三角函数的对称性和线性幅值逼近算法对正弦信号分段算法进行研究,提出基于六线线性逼近优化算法,使用6段不大于正弦值的均与分段的线段逼近之后,使用QE-ROM (量化-误差存储)存储线段与正弦值差值的办法,在不影响频率特征和最大误差特性基础上,实现了算法的简化,并压缩了误差补偿存储器所需存储空间。实验结果表明对于9 bit正弦输出只需使用336 bit存储器和4个加法器3个选择器一个比较器即可实现整个系统,并且最大的工作频率达到了210 MHz,共消耗110个LE,49个存储器。压缩比远远高于传统的压缩算法。     

A 100-MHz 8-mW ROM-less quadrature direct digital frequency synthesizer

A low-power quadrature direct digital frequency synthesizer (DDFS) is presented. Piecewise linear approximation is used to avoid using a ROM look-up table to store the sine values as in a conventional DDFS. Significant saving in power consumption, due to the elimination of the ROM, renders the design more suitable for portable wireless communication applications. To demonstrate the proposed technique, a quadrature DDFS has been implemented using 0.5-/spl mu/m CMOS process and occupies an active area of 1.4 mm/sup 2/. It consumes 8 mW at 100 MHz and operates from a single 2.7-V supply. The spurious-free dynamic range is better than 59 dBc at low synthesized frequencies and the frequency resolution is 1.5 kHz.     

High-performance direct digital frequency synthesizers using piecewise-polynomial approximation

This paper presents new techniques to implement direct digital frequency synthesizers (DDFSs) with optimized piecewise-polynomial approximation. DDFS performances with piecewise-polynomial approximation are first analyzed, providing theoretical upperbounds for the spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR), the maximum absolute error, and the signal-to-noise ratio. A novel approach to evaluate, with reduced computational effort, the near optimal fixed-point coefficients which maximize the SFDR is described. Several piecewise-linear and quadratic DDFS are implemented in the paper by using novel, single-summation-tree architectures. The tradeoff between ROM and arithmetic circuits complexity is discussed, pointing out that a sensible silicon area reduction can be achieved by increasing ROM size and reducing arithmetic circuitry. The use of fixed-width arithmetic can be combined with the single-summation-tree approach to further increase performances. It is shown that piecewise-quadratic DDFSs become effective against piecewise-linear designs for an SFDR higher than 100 dBc. Third-order DDFSs are expected to give advantages for an SFDR higher than 180 dBc. The DDFS circuits proposed in this paper compare favorably with previously proposed approaches.     

Reduced-complexity design for triple-tunable frequency synthesiser

A new design method for a triple-tunable type DDFS-driven PLL frequency synthesiser is presented. Since only a phase accumulator is used in the DDFS (direct digital frequency synthesiser), the other parts of the DDFS such as ROM and a D/A converter can be excluded using the proposed method. Therefore, performance improvements are achieved such as circuit simplicity, reduced power consumption and switching time. In addition, the output of the designed DDFS is processed to provide a jitter-free input reference to the PLL. Simulation results show the validity and performance improvements of the proposed system, compared with the conventional system     

一种用于铷频标的紧凑型直接数字频率合成器

研发了高精度铷频标芯片SoC实现中应用的一种紧凑型直接数字频率合成器（DDFS) . 为了减小芯片面积和降低功耗,采用正弦对称技术、modified Sunderland 技术、正弦相位差技术、四线逼近技术以及量化和误差ROM技术对相位转正弦的映射数据进行了压缩. 利用这些技术,ROM尺寸压缩了98%. 采用标准0.35μm CMOS工艺,一个具有32位相位存储深度和10位DAC的紧凑型DDFS流片成功,其核心面积为1.6mm2. 在3.3V电源下,该芯片的功耗为167mW, 无杂散动态范围（SFDR）为61dB.     

A 14-b direct digital frequency synthesizer with sigma-delta noise shaping

This paper describes a 14-b direct digital frequency synthesizer (DDFS) utilizing a sigma-delta noise shaping technique to reduce spurs arising from phase truncation. A new phase accumulator architecture adopting a second-order sigma-delta modulator is proposed. The sigma-delta noise shaping eliminates periodicity inherent in the phase truncation error. With the proposed phase accumulator, the significant spurs are reduced, and the spectral characteristics of the DDFS are then determined by finite precision of sine-amplitude output. A prototype DDFS IC in 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS was fabricated on 0.12-mm/sup 2/ die area. The measured spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) is greater than 110 dB for 16-b phase value and 14-b sine-amplitude output. The fabricated IC consumes 100 mW with a 2.5-V supply, and correctly operates up to 250 MHz.     

A low-power segmented nonlinear DAC-based direct digital frequency synthesizer

A 2.5-V CMOS direct digital frequency synthesizer (DDFS) with 12 bits of phase resolution and 11 bits of amplitude resolution is presented. Low power consumption is achieved using a nonlinear digital-to-analog converter (DAC). To further reduce power and area, a new technique is proposed to segment the non-linear DAC into a coarse nonlinear DAC and a number of fine nonlinear sub-DACs. The DDFS fabricated in a 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS process occupies an active area of 1.4 mm/sup 2/. For a clock frequency of 300 MHz, it consumes 240 mW and the spurious-free dynamic range is less than 51 dB for output frequencies up to 3/8 of the clock frequency.