基于动态分簇路由优化和分布式粒子滤波的传感器网络目标跟踪方法

针对无线传感器网络中节点通信能力及能量有限的情况,该文提出基于动态分簇路由优化和分布式粒子滤波的传感器网络目标跟踪方法。该方法以动态分簇的方式将监测区域内随机部署的传感器节点划分为若干个簇,并对簇内成员节点与簇首节点之间、簇首节点与基站之间的通信路由进行优化,确保网络能耗的均衡分布,在此基础上,被激活的簇内成员节点并行地执行分布式粒子滤波算法实现目标跟踪。仿真结果表明,该方法能有效地降低传感器网络中节点的总能耗,能在实现跟踪的同时保证目标跟踪的精度。     

基于能量有效的水下分布式粒子滤波跟踪算法

为降低水下无线传感器网络目标跟踪算法能耗并提高定位精度,提出基于能量有效的分布式粒子滤波跟踪算法(EEPF算法)。EEPF算法通过能量有效的最优分布式动态成簇机制和启发式能量有效的调度算法来平衡水下节点间的能耗,延长网络生存期,并在预测、滤波、重采样阶段对粒子滤波算法进行改进,在保障期望目标跟踪精度的同时降低了运算能耗。仿真结果表明,EEPF算法是一种轻量级的能量有效的目标跟踪算法,该算法能耗低,网络存活时间长,且跟踪精度较传统粒子滤波算法有了较大提高。     

基于格拉布斯准则和改进粒子滤波算法的水下传感网目标跟踪

水下无线传感网络(UWSN)执行目标跟踪时,因为各个传感器节点测量值对目标状态估计的贡献不一样以及节点能量有限,所以探索一种好的节点融合权重方法和节点规划机制能够获得更好的跟踪性能。针对上述问题,该文提出一种基于Grubbs准则和互信息熵加权融合的分布式粒子滤波(PF)目标跟踪算法(GMIEW)。首先利用Grubbs准则对传感器节点所获得的信息进行分析检验,去除干扰信息和错误信息。其次,在粒子滤波的重要性权值计算的过程中,引入动态加权因子,采用传感器节点的测量值与目标状态之间的互信息熵,来反映传感器节点提供的目标信息量,从而获得各个节点相应的加权因子。最后,采用3维场景下的簇-树型网络拓扑结构,跟踪监测区域内的目标。实验结果显示,该算法可有效提高水下传感器网络测量数据对目标跟踪预测的准确度,降低跟踪误差。     

基于权重一致性优化的实时Marginalized粒子滤波算法

针对Marginalized粒子滤波中随机量测噪声对于非线性状态估计精度的不利影响以及线性状态估计中计算量较大问题,提出了一种基于权重一致性优化的实时Marginalized粒子滤波算法.首先,结合量测系统建模中先验信息的提取和利用,通过粒子权重间一致性距离和一致性矩阵的构建,提出了量测提升策略下权重的一致性优化方法,以改善粒子滤波在非线性状态估计中的滤波精度.其次,通过对Marginalized粒子滤波实现中时间更新和量测更新环节的结构优化,给出了实时Marginalized粒子滤波,以降低蒙特卡罗仿真实现下卡尔曼滤波在状态线性估计中的计算复杂度.最后,在两者的动态结合基础上给出了新算法具体实现步骤.利用基于单站雷达目标跟踪仿真场景,分析了算法性能.理论分析和仿真实验结果验证了算法的可行性和有效性.     

被动传感器阵列中基于粒子滤波的目标跟踪

针对被动传感器阵列中的机动目标跟踪问题,该文提出了一种基于多模Rao-Blackwellized粒子滤波的机动目标跟踪新方法。算法首先基于Rao-Blackwellization理论将机动目标跟踪问题划分为模型选择和目标跟踪两个子问题;采用多模Rao-Blackwellized粒子滤波对目标运动模型进行选择,扩展Kalman滤波对目标进行更新,有效降低了抽样粒子状态维数,节省了计算时间;最后,建立了被动传感器阵列的非线性观测模型。实验结果表明,提出方法可以有效地对目标模型进行选择,算法的跟踪性能及稳定性要好于交互多模型(IMM)方法。     

基于PHD的粒子滤波检测前跟踪改进算法

针对在低信噪比目标检测问题中,基于PHD的粒子滤波检测前跟踪算法（PHD-TBD）存在目标位置估计误差较大的缺陷,提出一种结合粒子群优化算法的基于PHD的粒子滤波检测前跟踪方法(PSO-PHD-TBD)。该算法在滤波预测和更新步骤之间加入基于NSGA-Ⅱ的多目标粒子群优化算法,结合量测信息将预测完成的粒子集的分布进行优化,将所有粒子转移到后验概率密度较大的区域,进而改善了多目标位置估计的性能;然后使用基于密度聚类的DBSCAN算法对粒子聚类,提取目标状态。仿真实验表明,在不同信噪比条件下,PSO-PHD-TBD在多目标数目估计情况与PHD-TBD算法一致,而位置估计精度明显优于PHD-TBD算法。     

基于量子遗传粒子滤波的WSN目标跟踪算法

粒子滤波器是解决非线性非高斯运动跟踪的一种有效方法,很适合于无线传感器网络的目标跟踪.但是粒子滤波算法存在严重的退化现象.常规的重采样方法虽可解决退化问题,但容易导致粒子耗尽.本文针对此问题,将量子遗传算法引入粒子滤波,提出了基于量子遗传粒子滤波的无线传感器网络目标跟踪算法.通过量子遗传算法的编码方式增加粒子集的多样性...     

基于粒子群优化的传感器管理算法研究

本文在分析基于二进制粒子群优化的传感器管理算法缺点的基础上,通过对粒子的降维处理和位置矢量更新式的改进,提出了一种基于实值粒子群优化的传感器管理算法.并针对中段弹道目标跟踪这一特殊应用背景,分析跟踪的约束条件,提出了一种新的优化目标函数.通过对中段弹道目标跟踪典型场景下的仿真实验分析,给出了目标函数加权系数的优选方案,并对所提方法的性能和适用范围进行了详细分析和比较.仿真实验表明,基于实值粒子群优化的传感器管理算法是一种更加高效的方法.     

改进的粒子滤波人体目标跟踪算法

针对现有基于粒子滤波(PF)的行人目标跟踪算法跟踪精度不高、速度慢以及遮挡鲁棒性不好的问题,提出一种结合支持向量机(SVM)检测的改进跟踪算法。在跟踪的置信度小于阈值时进行行人跟踪目标的再检测,以校正跟踪位置。对粒子群优化(PSO)算法在优化时可能陷入局部解的现状,进行混沌粒子优化(CPSO)寻优全局解。实验结果表明,提出的算法在一定的粒子数目前提下精度优于其他基于粒子滤波的行人目标跟踪算法,有效降低PF所需粒子数,算法可实时跟踪。     

基于RB粒子滤波的多传感器目标跟踪融合算法

构建面向多传感器信息融合系统的粒子滤波(PF)器是拓展采样型非线性滤波应用领域的关键,针对PF在多传感器融合目标跟踪系统的有效实现问题,提出了一种基于Rao-Blackwellized(RB)PF(RB-PF)的多传感器目标融合跟踪(MT-RB-PF)算法。首先,利用RB建模技术实现跟踪系统非线性状态估计的降维处理;其次,结合多传感器融合系统特点,给出一种多量测下粒子权重优化新方法用以改善粒子权重度量的可靠性和稳定性;最终,通过标准PF和卡尔曼滤波(KF)实现非线性和线性状态分量的估计,并利用状态重构方法构建当前时刻的状态估计值。理论分析和仿真实验验证了算法的有效性。     

Robust tracking algorithm for wireless sensor networks based on improved particle filter

Benefitting from its ability to estimate the target state's posterior probability density function (PDF) in complex nonlinear and non‐Gaussian circumstance, particle filter (PF) is widely used to solve the target tracking problem in wireless sensor networks. However, the traditional PF algorithm based on sequential importance sampling with re‐sampling will degenerate if the latest observation appear in the tail of the prior PDF or if the observation likelihood is too peaked in comparison with the prior. In this paper, we propose an improved particle filter which makes full use of the latest observation in constructing the proposal distribution. The quality prediction function is proposed to measure the quality of the particles, and only the high quality particles are selected and used to generate the coarse proposal distribution. Then, a centroid shift vector is calculated based on the coarse proposal distribution, which leads the particles move towards the optimal proposal distribution. Simulation results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed algorithm under the challenging background conditions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Distributed Energy Optimization for Target Tracking in Wireless Sensor Networks

Energy constraint is an important issue in wireless sensor networks. This paper proposes a distributed energy optimization method for target tracking applications. Sensor nodes are clustered by maximum entropy clustering. Then, the sensing field is divided for parallel sensor deployment optimization. For each cluster, the coverage and energy metrics are calculated by grid exclusion algorithm and Dijkstra's algorithm, respectively. Cluster heads perform parallel particle swarm optimization to maximize the coverage metric and minimize the energy metric. Particle filter is improved by combining the radial basis function network, which constructs the process model. Thus, the target position is predicted by the improved particle filter. Dynamic awakening and optimal sensing scheme are then discussed in dynamic energy management mechanism. A group of sensor nodes which are located in the vicinity of the target will be awakened up and have the opportunity to report their data. The selection of sensor node is optimized considering sensing accuracy and energy consumption. Experimental results verify that energy efficiency of wireless sensor network is enhanced by parallel particle swarm optimization, dynamic awakening approach, and sensor node selection.     

Dynamic swarm particle for fast motion vehicle tracking

Nowadays, the broad availability of cameras and embedded systems makes the application of computer vision very promising as a supporting technology for intelligent transportation systems, particularly in the field of vehicle tracking. Although there are several existing trackers, the limitation of using low‐cost cameras, besides the relatively low processing power in embedded systems, makes most of these trackers useless. For the tracker to work under those conditions, the video frame rate must be reduced to decrease the burden on computation. However, doing this will make the vehicle seem to move faster on the observer's side. This phenomenon is called the fast motion challenge. This paper proposes a tracker called dynamic swarm particle (DSP), which solves the challenge. The term particle refers to the particle filter, while the term swarm refers to particle swarm optimization (PSO). The fundamental concept of our method is to exploit the continuity of vehicle dynamic motions by creating dynamic models based on PSO. Based on the experiments, DSP achieves a precision of 0.896 and success rate of 0.755. These results are better than those obtained by several other benchmark trackers.     

An improved Bernoulli particle filter for single target tracking

Single target tracking is widely applied in the current surveillance systems. The Bernoulli filter can complete the task of single target tracking using available measurements. However, the existing Bernoulli filters have estimation bias during the whole tracking process. Therefore, we present an improved Bernoulli filter and its particle implementation in this paper. Employed the weight optimization strategy, the under-estimated number of target is corrected by enlarging the maximal measurement-updated weight of sampling particle. In addition, the track identification strategy is applied to optimize number of the required particles and extract the actual target. Combined with the unscented transform for the complicated dynamic models, the nonlinear motion state of maneuvering target is effectively estimated. Besides, we extend the proposed filter in unknown clutter environment and estimate the mean clutter rate, which has significant application meaning owing to avoiding the assumption of the given detection profile. Finally, the numerical simulations demonstrate the tracking advantages with the promising results in comparison to the standard Bernoulli filter.     

基于改进SFLA-PF算法的OFDM系统的目标跟踪

在OFDM通信系统中,为了解决非线性的目标跟踪问题,提出了基于改进混合蛙跳算法(SFLA)和粒子滤波算法(PF)相结合的方法来研究动态目标跟踪技术.首先利用高斯变异的局部搜索能力强和柯西变异的全局搜索能力强等优点对混合蛙跳算法进行改进,然后用改进后的混合蛙跳算法来优化粒子滤波算法进行动态跟踪,其优点不需要重采样步骤,有效地保持了粒子的多样性和有效性.仿真结果表明,该算法能够有效实现动态目标跟踪,并且跟踪效果优于同等条件下的混合蛙跳算法和粒子滤波算法.     

基于自控蝙蝠算法智能优化粒子滤波的机动目标跟踪方法

标准粒子滤波重采样过程中对粒子的直接删除会导致粒子贫化,并且综合性价比不高,难以满足高频段精密跟踪雷达的需求.针对上述问题,本文提出了基于自控蝙蝠算法优化粒子滤波的机动目标跟踪方法.该方法首先在粒子滤波中引入蝙蝠算法,用粒子表征蝙蝠个体,模拟蝙蝠群体搜索猎物的过程,使粒子向高似然区域移动.同时,改进算法将粒子接受新状态的比例作为反馈量,设计了自适应闭环控制策略对算法的全局搜索能力和局部搜索能力进行全程动态控制,使得粒子分布更加合理,从而进一步提高了粒子滤波的精度.最后在分别在基础非线性滤波模型和强机动强干扰目标跟踪模型中对改进算法的性能进行了测试.实验结果表明,改进算法提高了目标跟踪的精度.     

Target tracking by lightweight blind particle filter in wireless sensor networks

For realizing robust target tracking with wireless sensor networks in the circumstance where the propagation parameters of the characteristic signal emitted by the target are unknown, a novel tracking algorithm under the particle filter framework is proposed. We propose a scheme to realize particle weight calculation without the prior knowledge about the propagation parameters of the target's characteristic signal. With the use of the monotonic relationship of the distance and the received signal strength, we define the signal characteristic sequence and particle distance sequence and utilize the modified sequence distance between the signal characteristic sequence and the particle distance sequence as the criterion to calculate the particle weight blindly with simple lightweight operations. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mobile robot SLAM method based on multi-agent particle swarm optimized particle filter

To overcome particle impoverishment, a simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) method based on multi-agent particle swarm optimized particle filter (MAPSOPF) was presented by introducing the idea of multi-agent to the particle swarm optimized particle filter (PSOPF) which is an algorithm for SLAM. In MAPSOPF, agents can communicate and compete with each other and learn from each other. The MAPSOPF algorithm can update the prediction of particle, adjust the proposal distribution of particles, improve localization precision and fault tolerance, and propel the particles to concentrate on the robot's true pose. Compared with standard particle filter (PF), the proposed method can achieve better SLAM precision by fewer particles. Simulations verify its effectiveness and feasibility.