离散效应对光子晶体光纤中飞秒脉冲压缩影响

为了研究离散效应对光子晶体光纤中飞秒信号脉冲压缩的影响,采用分步傅里叶方法数值求解耦合的非线性薛定谔方程,模拟了双飞秒脉冲在光子晶体光纤中的非线性传输过程;计算和分析了离散效应和非同步耦合对信号脉冲压缩的影响。结果表明,当抽运脉冲在反常色散区进行抽运,而信号脉冲在正常色散区入射时,在群速度色散、3阶色散,自相位调制及交叉相位调制联合作用下,信号脉冲在传输过程中不仅被压缩且存在最佳光纤长度;离散效应导致信号脉冲压缩因子减小,所需最佳光纤长度增加以及压缩后的脉冲频谱呈现不对称,采用非同步耦合有利于改善信号脉冲的压缩质量。     

光参量放大脉冲发生器中色散效应的研究

走离效应对参量放大脉冲发生器具有重大影响,群速度色散将使脉冲展宽。采用分步傅里叶法对耦合方程求解,分析了利用参量放大器产生脉冲的过程中色散效应的影响。依照所设定参数的仿真结果表明：输入泵浦波的调制频率为1GHz时,走离效应、群速度色散的影响几乎可以忽略;调制频率增加到20GHz,光纤中的群速度色散可以缓解由于泵浦波、闲频波之间的走离效应导致的脉冲畸变;而随着调制频率的继续增大到100GHz,色散效应和走离效应将使得产生的脉冲受到严重恶化。     

光子晶体光纤中双脉冲非线性传输的数值分析

采用分布傅立叶方法数值求解耦合的非线性薛定谔方程,模拟了双脉冲在光子晶体光纤中的非线性传输过程,计算和分析了离散效应和脉冲内拉曼散射对信号脉冲传输和压缩的影响。结果表明,当中心波长为800nm的泵浦脉冲在反常色散区进行泵浦,而中心波长为740nm的信号脉冲在正常色散区入射,在群速度色散,自相位调制及交叉相位调制联合作用下,信号脉冲在传输过程中不仅被压缩且存在最佳光纤长度。离散效应不仅导致脉冲压缩比的减小和压缩后峰值功率的降低,而且导致脉冲所需最佳光纤长度的增加以及压缩后的脉冲呈现不对称,还发现,脉冲内拉曼散射有利于改善脉冲压缩质量。     

Parametric four-photon mixing followed by stimulated Ramanscattering with optical pulses in birefringent optical fibers

An analysis into the phase matching condition of four-photon mixing in birefringent optical fibers is presented. The analysis yields six independent parametric processes. Some of the associated frequency shifts show a dependence on the fiber birefringence, allowing the authors to obtain constraints under which the parametric Stokes pulse will fall within the Raman gain band to undergo subsequent Raman amplifications. Both polarizations of the pump contribute to the Stokes gain through the stimulated Raman effect. Emphasis is placed on short optical pulses with tradeoffs among frequency shift, pulse walk-off length, and fiber attenuation to yield maximum power conversion to the Stokes frequency. Numerical simulation with a highly birefringent germania-doped silica fiber is used to illustrate the conditions for maximum gain of the Stokes signal     

Dispersion compensation with phase-sensitive optical amplifiers

Recently, we proposed a novel approach to combating the pulse-broadening effect of group-velocity dispersion (GVD) in a fiber-optic communication link (IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 5, pp. 669-672, 1993). In our scheme, linear loss in the fiber is balanced by a chain of periodically spaced, phase-sensitive optical amplifiers. In this paper, we present a detailed analysis of pulse propagation in such a fiber line showing that, due to attenuation in the quadrature orthogonal to the amplified quadrature, it is possible for a pulse to propagate without significant broadening over lengths many times longer than the usual dispersion length of the fiber. An averaged equation for pulse evolution over distances longer than the amplifier spacing is derived. The effect of optical-phase fluctuations between the propagating pulse and the amplifiers is also considered. Since our proposed scheme does not rely on the formation of solitons in the fiber, it can be implemented in both the positive and negative GVD regions, and it does not require a minimum peak power for the pulses     

色散缓变光纤中基于交叉相位调制的不稳定性研究

研究了色散缓变光纤中基于交叉相位调制的不稳定性,得到了同时计及离散和光纤损耗效应时的色散关系式。发现在抽运功率、传输距离、光纤损耗相同的条件下,色散缓变光纤较常规光纤具有较宽的增益谱;研究同时发现,较大的色散缓变参量及两光束较小的离散均会使增益谱的谱宽加宽,振幅的增长速度加快。并用数值方法验证了利用色散缓变光纤更易产生超短脉冲。     

利用光纤环激光器和色散搭配的孤子传输

对不同波长的光脉冲在由正负色散光纤的组成的光纤链中的传输特性进行了数值和实验研究。实验结果和数值分析表明，在相同的初始条件下，短距离传输时，采用平均色散为正常色散的光纤传输要优于孤子传输方式，长距离传输时，采用孤子传输要优于脉冲在平均色散为正常色散的非线性光纤中传输。在正负色散位移的光纤链中的孤子传输，有一最佳波长。     

飞秒激光脉冲倍频特性的数值模拟

模拟了随着传播长度的增加,基频和倍频激光脉冲的时域波形和光谱特性的演变过程。通过引入走离长度和非线性长度,给出了走离效应、群速度色散和三阶非线性效应对飞秒脉冲倍频的影响。研究了飞秒脉冲倍频的波长调谐特性,发现40ps基频脉冲波长调谐带宽仅有2.8nm,而40fs基频脉冲的倍频波长调谐带宽高达42nm。这在周期极化倍频晶体工艺中有重要应用价值。     

Theory of the synchronously pumped fiber Raman laser

Analyses of the synchronously pumped fiber Raman laser are presented under the parabolic approximation for gain shaping in both frequency and time domains. A master equation for the Stokes pulse consists of the group velocity dispersion of the fiber, the gain dispersion of the stimulated Raman scattering, a gain-shaping term due to the pump curvature, small depletion, and a walk-off effect. The pump power dependences of the Stokes power and the pulse width and the threshold condition are revealed. The frequency tunability of the present laser is also discussed. It is shown that the oscillation wavelength (carrier frequency of the Stokes pulse) will change linearly with Stokes power because of walk off during depletion.     

The effect of pulse walkoff on stimulated Raman scattering in fibers

We have experimentally investigated stimulated Raman scattering in single-mode fibers in the regime of large Raman Stokes pulse walkoff from the pump pulse by the effect of group-velocity dispersion. Measurements are made with 36 ps duration pulses at 532 nm produced from a frequency-doubled and harmonically mode-locked Nd:YAG laser. We find that for 20 percent conversion, the Raman output is produced about two walkoff lengths into the fiber as a pulse of approximately the same duration as the input pulse. We also find that the Raman pulse is produced with a strong frequency chirp.     

Second-order theory for self-phase modulation and cross-phase modulation in optical fibers

The authors develop a second-order perturbation technique for the study of self-phase modulation (SPM) and cross-phase modulation (XPM) effects in optical fibers. When the dispersion distance is much shorter than the nonlinear length, it is found that the difference between the first- and second-order solution is negligible. However, as the dispersion distance increases, nonlinearity becomes a stronger perturbation, and the first-order theory is not adequate to describe the SPM effects. However, the results obtained using the second-order perturbation technique is in good agreement with numerical simulations even when the dispersion distance is longer than the nonlinear length. When pulses of different channels are copropagating in a fiber, they undergo amplitude distortion and timing shift due to XPM. The perturbation technique presented in this paper accounts for both amplitude distortion and timing shift of a pulse due to XPM.     

Pulse compression dynamics in a nonlinear longitudinally inhomogeneous optical fiber

The output characteristics of a Gaussian frequency-modulated pulse in a longitudinally inhomogeneous single-mode active nonlinear optical fiber are investigated. On the basis of the numerical analysis of the obtained dynamic equations, it is shown that, by means of varying the input pulse parameters and the type of the longitudinal inhomogeneity of the group-velocity dispersion, it is possible to effectively control not only the length and degree of the compression of the propagating pulse but also the number of maximum-compression points along the length of the optical fiber.     

High-performance optical-fiber-nonlinearity-based optical waveform monitoring

An all-optical waveform sampling system with simultaneous submilliwatt optical signal sensitivity (20-dB signal-to-noise ratio) and subpicosecond temporal resolution over more than 60-nm optical bandwidth is demonstrated in this paper. The optical sampling was implemented by four-wave mixing in a 10-m highly nonlinear fiber using a sampling pulse source with a sampling pulse peak power of only 16 W. The sampling performance was evaluated in terms of sensitivity, temporal resolution, and optical bandwidth with respect to fiber length, sampling pulse source wavelength offset from the zero-dispersion wavelength of the highly nonlinear fiber, sampling pulse peak power, and walk-off due to chromatic dispersion. This paper also presents a summary of the available methods to achieve polarization-independent optical sampling as well as a brief summary of the available sampling pulse sources viable for optical sampling.     

Limitations imposed by stimulated Raman scattering of 1550 nmhigh-energy pulse transmission

The limitations imposed by stimulated Raman scattering on 1550 nm high-energy pulse transmission in single-mode optical fiber are investigated. The generation of a Stokes pulse from an input pulse with peak power up to 60 W and duration on the order of 10 ns is experimentally studied and numerically simulated. This is the first demonstration of Stokes pulse generation in optical fiber from pump pulses within the 1550 nm telecommunications window. Experiment and theory show that there is an optimum input power for a given pulse duration and distance that maximizes the energy transmitted over long fibers     

Ultrashort-Pulse High-Power Yb3+-Doped Fiber Amplifiers

Ultrashort optical pulse propagation in high-power Yb³⁺-doped fiber amplifiers (YDFA) is studied using a spectrally resolved nonlinear power equation for the coupled pulse components. The Yb³⁺ ions transitions are modeled using a rate equation. Examples for high-power YDFAs with normal dispersion show good qualitative agreement with experimental results. We analyze the effects of the incident pulse wavelength, pulse peak power, Yb³⁺ concentration, pump filling factor, fiber length, pumping configuration, pump power and nonlinear index, on the intensity distribution of short amplified pulses. We also demonstrate the spectral compression of an initially negative-chirped pulse.     

In-line amplifier transmission distance determined by self-phasemodulation and group-velocity dispersion

The propagation of an intensity-modulated signal in an optical fiber is numerically analyzed, taking self-phase modulation, group-velocity dispersion, and 2nd-order group-velocity dispersion into account. Transmission distances yielding a prescribed eye-opening penalty are shown to relate to three characteristic lengths: the dispersion length, the 2nd-order dispersion length, and the nonlinear length. These relations, with a slight modification for the signal power, are also found to be valid for in-line amplifier systems, in which each optical amplifier, though adding undesired amplified spontaneous emission, compensates the signal attenuation occurring in the preceding fiber. The resulting relations give us informative guidelines for designing such systems     

Understanding the formation of the SRS Stokes spectrum in fusedsilica fibers

Spectral characteristics of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in optical fibers are examined in a regime (nanosecond pulses or longer) for which effects such a self-phase modulation, cross-phase modulation, and group velocity dispersion are negligible. An XeF excimer laser was used to pump a multimode fused silica UV optical fiber to observe SRS multiple-order Stokes generation. A theoretical model in which SRS is the only nonlinear effect induced was developed to simulate the SRS spectra of excimer laser pumped silica fibers. Good agreement has been achieved on spectral characteristics of SRS between the computer simulation and experimental results, which clarifies several puzzling features observed in experiment. The most important parameters to the evolution of SRS spectra in fibers were found to be the Raman gain curve, and the linewidth and temporal profile of the input pump     

Reduction of Light Signal Pulse Distortion in Cascaded SFG–DFG Wavelength Conversion: Segmented QPM Interleaved by Short Wavelength Cut Filters

Cascaded sum-frequency-generation (SFG) and difference-frequency-generation (DFG) can implement a wavelength conversion between arbitrary combinations of input and output signal wavelengths. By using a tunable wavelength pump light, the output wavelength can be tuned to a desired wavelength. As in many wavelength conversion devices using the nonlinear optical effect, the group velocity difference between light pulses with different wavelength causes a walk-off effect deforming the output pulse shape. Thus, the device length should be kept short to avoid the walk-off effect resulting in limited conversion efficiency. In this report, we propose a method, for quasi-phase matched device, to maintain the pulse shape of the SFG light pulse along the propagation distance. The output DFG light pulse deformation is suppressed and the conversion efficiency can be increased by extending the device length.      

补偿光纤的参数对自相似脉冲压缩效应的影响

从非线性薛定谔（NLS）方程出发,用数值方法研究了在自相似脉冲压缩技术中反常色散补偿光纤的群速度色散参量(GVD参量)和非线性参量对脉冲压缩效应的影响。结果表明,补偿光纤的GVD参量对压缩因子和脉冲峰值功率的影响是周期性的,随着GVD参量数值的增大,脉冲能量按集中-分散-集中的规律周期性变化,且变化周期逐渐增大,一周期内的能量转移加剧;每次能量集中时,脉宽接近压缩极限。最佳光纤长度随着GVD参量数值的增加而下降,但不受非线性参量的影响。另一方面,非线性参量的增大会降低压缩因子,不利于脉冲压缩。通过优化选择补偿光纤参数,能够接近脉宽压缩极限,提高脉冲压缩质量。     

Analysis of optical phase-conjugate characteristics of picosecondfour-wave mixing signals in semiconductor optical amplifiers

We have analyzed for the first time the optical phase-conjugate characteristics of picosecond four-wave mixing (FWM) signals in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) using the finite-difference beam propagation method (FD-BPM). We show that the optical phase-conjugate characteristics of the FWM signals are strongly dependent on input pump pulsewidths. As a typical example, we have demonstrated that SOAs act as an ideal phase-conjugator, within the confines of reversing the chirp of optical pulses, for a 10-ps input pump pulse and a ~2.2-ps linearly chirped input probe pulse. When the pulsewidth of pump pulse becomes short, the minimum compressed pulsewidth is obtained by using a fiber shorter in length than the input fiber, but having the same group velocity dispersion as the input fiber. For a much shorter pump pulse such as 1 ps, the short FWM signal can be obtained via the gating characteristics of the FWM. However, only a part of the phase information is copied to the FWM signal due to such gating characteristics. The phase information is also degraded due to the fast nonlinear effect in the SOA. Thus, the pulsewidth is not compressed by propagation through a dispersive medium