Diode lasers locked to noisy injection

We have analyzed the behavior of a diode laser with low-amplitude optical injection. The noisy injection field has phase fluctuations only, with a linewidth larger than both the free-running slave laser linewidth and the locking range. Simulations show that the laser output spectrum can be much narrower than the injection spectrum and may have a dip at the free-running laser frequency. A model describing these features is based on linear superposition of the stationary responses to monochromatic injection. The mechanism of line narrowing is that the response to injection outside the locking range lies mainly inside     

Injection locking properties of a semiconductor laser

Injection locking properties of a semiconductor laser have been analyzed, taking into account the injected carrier density dependent refractive index in the active region. It has been found that this dependence significantly affects the injection locking properties, giving rise to a peculiar asymmetric tuning curve and dynamic instability. The instability originates from the intermode interaction via the modulation in the injected carrier density caused by intensity beat. The detuning dependence of the direct modulation response characteristics inside and outside of the locking range have also been examined.     

Single-polarization operation of fiber distributed feedback (DFB)lasers by injection locking

This paper investigated injection locking characteristics of a fiber distributed feedback (DFB) laser operating in dual polarizations, and found that it could operate in a single polarization by injection locking. The locking bandwidth was less than 10 MHz, much narrower than DFB laser diodes as a consequence of longer cavity length and resulting longer photon lifetime. As a more practical method to realize single-polarization operation of the fiber DFB laser, we proposed self-injection locking with a polarization-selective optical feedback composed of a mirror and a polarizer, and demonstrated a stable single-polarization operation     

Bandwidth enhancement of injection-locked 1.3 μm quantum-dot DFB laser

Optical injection locking of a quantum-dot distributed-feedback laser at 1.3 mum is reported. Using an injection ratio of 5.3 dB, an optical detuning of -40 pm, and a slave laser biased at 20 mA, the modulation bandwidth of the injection-locked laser was 16.3 GHz. This is over four times higher than the modulation bandwidth of the free-running quantum-dot laser. At a slave laser bias of 5.0 mA, injection locking resulted in a resonance frequency of 21.9 GHz, over eleven times higher than the relaxation frequency of the free-running slave laser.     

Frequency stabilization of tunable DBR laser using multiwavelengthlight injection locking technique

This paper proposes a frequency stabilization scheme for tunable three-section DBR laser diodes (3S-DBR LD) that use multiwavelength light injection locking. The oscillating wavelength of the SS-DBR LD is discretely switched between cavity modes when the injection current into DBR section is changed, and locked to one wavelength of the multiwavelength light injected from the DBR section facet under the injection locking condition. The light injection properties of the capture range and the relationships of relaxation oscillation versus input power and detuning are investigated experimentally. Injection locking on the multistate wavelength of a tunable DBR LD is performed using a two wavelength multiplexed light. As a result, we demonstrate 1 GHz capture range and more than 26 dB rejection ratio for the multiplexed injected light     

Generation of a CW Local Oscillator Signal Using a Stabilized Injection Locked Semiconductor Laser

We explore the technique of injection locking a semiconductor laser with a portion of the received optical signal to regenerate a local oscillator for eventual use with a homodyne receiver. In addition, we show that the injection locking process can be electronically stabilized by using the Modulation Transfer Ratio (MTR) of the slave laser as a monitor, given either a DFB or Fabry-Perot slave laser. We show that this stabilization technique maintains injection lock (given a locking range of ~1 GHz) for laser drift much greater than what is expected in a typical transmission system. In addition, we explore the quality of the output of the slave laser, and analyze its suitability as a local oscillator signal for a homodyne receiver.     

Mutual injection-locking properties of monolithically-integratedsurface-emitting multiple-quantum-well distributed feedback lasers

The mutual injection-locking properties of a coupled pair of multiple-quantum-well distributed-feedback lasers with grating output couplers were investigated experimentally and theoretically. When the mutual injection locking occurred, the output of one laser decreased while that of the other increased. The locking curve was asymmetric, and a stable and an unstable locking region existed. From the theoretical analysis, it was found that the phase delay with which the electric field emitted from each laser to the other laser significantly influences the locking characteristics. The increase and decrease of the locked output power are caused by the phase delay. It is also shown that the laser which receives the larger optical injection behaves like a slave laser and the laser which has less optical injection behaves like a master laser, and the shape of the locking curve is determined by the balance between the α parameter and the thermal resistance     

Single longitudinal mode operation of a CO2TEA laser by injection locking with a tunable CO2waveguide laser

A CO2TEA laser was frequency tuned by means of injection locking with a tunable waveguide laser as master oscillator, using a special injection method. Injection-locking experiments were performed at different operating conditions and varying parameters such as laser lines, master oscillator power, and frequency offset from the line center.     

Injection locking of a KrF laser using a frequency-doubledargon-ion laser pulse

The injection locking of a KrF unstable resonator module has been studied experimentally using a dye-laser-amplified, frequency-doubled seed pulse generated from the 496.5-nm output of an etalon-narrowed argon-ion laser. Partial injection locking was observed starting at input powers of 0.1 W, with greater than 90% injection locking being achieved at input powers of over 1 kW. The output linewidth was experimentally determined to be less than 100 MHz, making possible an ultra-high-brightness KrF laser source     

Optical frequency modulation and intensity modulation suppression in a master-slave semiconductor laser system with direct modulation of the master laser

An injection-locked laser system where the master laser is directly modulated is analyzed using rate equations. Both quasi-static and dynamic analyses are carried out in order to ensure that the parameters lie inside the locking range. The analysis is valid for all injection levels. The quasi-static analysis provides a good basis for explaining the phenomena. It is shown that, for a given detuning frequency, maximum suppression of intensity modulation (IM) occurs at a specific value of the injection ratio. At low frequencies, the frequency modulation (FM) index of the slave laser bears a constant ratio to the FM index of the master laser of less than unity. It is illustrated that the direct FM scheme is only viable for modulation frequencies up to about 100 MHz. Large IM suppression can only be achieved for large values of the linewidth enhancement factor of the slave laser, small magnitude of the detuning frequency, and low injection ratio. The latter two conditions are associated with narrow limits on stable operation, and care should be taken to avoid instability.     

Injection locking of high-power pulsed lasers. I. Monochromaticinjection

The theory of injection locking is based on the realistic situation where the injected intensity is much larger than the spontaneous noise intensity and smaller than the saturation intensity. Wideband homogeneously broadened lasers with injection are analyzed in the small-signal regime, including diffraction effects. The relevant equation for the injection-driven field is an iterative equation solved in the time domain. Multimode behaviors can be predicted. Injection locking is the result of a competition between the injection- and noise-driven fields. The laser behaviour is fully characterized by locking curves in the 2-D space of the injection parameters and by locked mode distributions     

Frequency locking by injection in dye lasers: Analysis of the CW and delta pulse regimes

Experimental studies of frequency locking by injection are performed using a nanosecond and a microsecond pulse duration dye laser. Either of these two lasers can be used as the master oscillator, and the experimental conditions then lead to two different injection regimes defined as the CW and the delta pulse regime. In both regimes, the locking efficiency, which is measured as a function of the injected flux of the injected wavelength and of the time delay between the two pulses, reaches a value close to unity when the injected flux present in the forced oscillator cavity is at least equal to 10 W · cm^-2. An analytical relation is derived to explain the experimental results. The use of the injection locking technique to probe the progressive narrowing of tuned dye lasers and to monitor the occurrence of the laser threshold is emphasized.     

多波长相干光注入锁定的波长跟踪自动化控制

本文基于全网光同步的超密集波分复用无源光网络(ultra-dense wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network, UDWDM-PON),对多波长注入锁定的稳定性进行了研究,提出了一种波长跟踪控制方法：用光电探测器(photo-diode, PD)接收从激光器(slave laser diode, SLD)的光信号并进行滤波与检波处理,所得信号用于建立SLD参数分布模型并进行线性扫描控制。该方法经基于LabVIEW程序控制与数据采集(data acquisition, DAQ)的仪器实验验证后,对相关驱动电路进行了模块化改良,采用基于微控制单元(microcontroller unit, MCU)的控制,使得该控制模块具有更高控制精度、更易封装的特点,从而能更好应用于多波长光的多路注入锁定当中。本文采用主动锁模激光器(mode-locked laser, MLL)作为多波长光源,对双路SLD的注入锁定进行了验证与对照实验,结果表明：在相同注入条件下,采用波长跟踪控制模块的注入锁定组具有更佳的稳定性。     

Fabry-Perot semiconductor laser injection locking

Injection locking of a semiconductor laser is studied using a Fabry-Perot (FP) model. For low injection powers the FP model gives the same results as the rate equation model. At higher injection powers, the FP laser has an unlimited injection locking bandwidth; however, regions of the bandwidth are dynamically unstable. The influence of the linewidth enhancement factor on injection locking and its stability are also studied using the FP model. Finite values of the linewidth enhancement factor lead to increased locking bandwidth, asymmetry in the locking range and a saddle-node bifurcation in the injection locked solutions, of which only lower carrier density arm has linearly stable solutions.     

Dynamic behavior and locking of a semiconductor laser subjected toexternal injection

In this paper, we analyze the phenomena arising when a monomode semiconductor laser is subjected to external injection from another laser. The system stability is investigated as a function of detuning and of the relative injected power. Different regimes, spanning from phase locking to chaos and coherence collapse, are described by analytical and numerical methods for weak and moderate injection. Previous theoretical studies are extended by describing the inverse transition from chaos to stability and by deriving the final locking condition. Also, further investigation on the coherence collapse regime has been performed. Besides contributing to the exploration of an interesting fundamental phenomenon, the results of this analysis are useful for different applications, including coherent detection and chaotic cryptography     

Short pulse injection seeding of Q-switched Nd:glass laseroscillators-theory and experiment

A 0.5-GW-peak-power solid-state laser source that is based on injection seeding a Q-switched Nd:Glass laser is discussed. In the first experimental demonstration, a Q-switched oscillator producing 101 mJ was seeded by a train of 11-ps pulses from a CW (continuous-wave) mode-locked laser to produce injection-mode-locked pulses under a 91-ns envelope. A theoretical analysis of injection seeding of a high-gain Q-switched oscillator by the output of a mode-locked oscillator is presented. The numerical analysis predicts the minimum signal power required for injection mode locking and the temporal shape of the output pulse. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical predictions. The amplification demonstrated by this technique is 104.4 dB, which is much greater than that demonstrated by a multipass or regenerative amplifier. The experimental advantages of injection mode locking include greater than 100 dB of effective amplification and noncritical cavity length adjustment of the seed resonator     

外注入锁定对FP激光器强度噪声的抑制

采用较强的外注入光锁定FP激光器,获得了理想的强度噪声抑制效果. 在自由运转的FP激光器的弛豫振荡峰处,最大噪声抑制强度可达9dB. 研究了注入光功率和频率失谐对于强度噪声抑制效果的影响. 此外,通过实验研究了理想噪声抑制范围与激光器稳定锁定范围之间的关系：它们都随着注入光功率的增加而增大;但在相同的注入光功率下,稳定锁定范围允许更大的频率失谐.     

外注入锁定对FP激光器强度噪声的抑制

采用较强的外注入光锁定FP激光器,获得了理想的强度噪声抑制效果.在自由运转的FP激光器的弛豫振荡峰处,最大噪声抑制强度可达9dB.研究了注入光功率和频率失谐对于强度噪声抑制效果的影响.此外,通过实验研究了理想噪声抑制范围与激光器稳定锁定范围之间的关系:它们都随着注入光功率的增加而增大;但在相同的注入光功率下,稳定锁定范围允许更大的频率失谐.     

注入锁定光纤环形腔激光器实验研究

利用注入锁定技术,将中心频率稳定、窄线宽的DFBLD作为主激光器,将光纤环形腔激光器作为从激光器。在实现注入锁定后,利用光纤环形腔谐振特性,在效压窄了注入光线宽。得到了中心频率稳定,较之DFBLD线宽更窄的输出激光,目前线宽已被压窄到70kHz。     

注入锁定铜蒸气激光器中自发辐射的影响

利用铜蒸气激光动力学模型模拟了注入锁定中注入光与放大自发辐射之间的竞争过程，分析了注入锁定效果与注入功率的关系，并就如何增强注入光对噪声光的抑制作用进行了讨论。