全景视频QoE评价研究进展

随着5G移动通信技术、高性能计算、传感技术的不断进步,全景视频受到了越来越多的关注。全景视频通过头戴显示设备,可以为用户提供远超于平面视频的逼真的立体视觉感知,具有良好的发展前景。为用户提供良好的体验质量（Quality of Experience,QoE）是视频服务提供商吸引和留住用户,在激烈的市场竞争中取得成功的关键。与平面视频相比,全景视频的数据量倍增,对视频数据的采集、编码、传输和存储均提出了更高的要求。因此,如何在网络传输带宽、存储资源有限的情况下,保证用户的QoE就成为工业界和学术界共同关注的研究热点问题。本文对全景视频QoE评价进行了综述,首先对全景视频在采集、拼接、投影、编码、传输、解码、反投影、渲染等各个环节可能存在的失真进行分析,总结归纳了用户QoE的各种影响因素,如人的因素、系统因素、情境上下文和视频内容特性等;在此基础上,从影响因素和建模方法等多个方面归纳了全景视频QoE评价模型的研究进展,及其在码率自适应、资源优化分配和码率控制等方面的应用情况;最后,介绍了具有代表性的全景视频QoE评价数据集以及常见的QoE模型性能评价准则,并探讨了QoE评价模型目前存在的问题和未来的研究方向。      

基于强化学习的立体全景视频自适应流

针对当前立体全景视频传输缺少有效的流自适应方法,且传统全景视频流自适应策略传输双目立体全景视频使得传输数据加倍,所需带宽巨大的问题,该文提出一种基于多智能体强化学习的立体全景视频非对称传输自适应流方法,以实时应对网络带宽波动。首先,根据人眼对视频显著性区域的偏爱,左右视点中每个瓦片(tile)对立体视频的感知质量的贡献度不同,提出一个基于tiles的左右视点观看概率预测方法。其次,设计了一种基于策略-评价(Actor-Critic)的多智能体强化学习框架,对左右视点进行联合码率控制。最后,根据模型结构和双目抑制原理,设计合理的奖励函数。实验结果表明,与传统流自适应传输策略相比,该文所提方法更加适用于基于tiles的立体全景视频传输,实现在有限带宽下提高用户的体验质量(QoE),为立体全景视频联合码率控制提供了一种全新的方法和思路。     

HTTP自适应流媒体直播系统中的用户体验质量优化

分析HTTP自适应流媒体直播系统中对终端用户体验质量(QoE)产生影响的各类因素及其相互之间的作用关系,对基于服务器端、网络传输以及客户端的QoE优化策略进行总结。认为HTTP自适应流媒体直播系统的QoE优化重点在于降低延时,提出结合网络层和应用层影响因素来降低时延并提升用户QoE的建议。     

基于A3C的无线异构网络自适应视频流传输控制方法

比特率自适应（ABR）算法已经成为视频传输中研究的热点之一。然而,由于5G无线异构网络具有信道带宽波动大、不同网络间差异明显等特点,多终端协同的自适应视频流传输面临着巨大挑战。提出了一种基于深度强化学习的自适应视频流传输控制方法。首先,建立了视频流动态规划模型,对传输码率以及分流策略进行联合优化。由于该优化问题的求解依赖于精确的信道估计,这在信道状态动态变化的网络中很难实现。因此,将动态规划问题改进为强化学习任务,并采用A3C算法,动态决策视频码率和分流策略。最后,根据实测的网络数据进行仿真,与传统的优化方法相比,本文所提的方法较好地提高了用户QoE。     

基于LTE资源块感知的自适应无线流媒体系统

自适应流媒体技术用户体验的好坏,很大程度上由流媒体应用对端到端带宽估计的准确度决定,而在高度动态的LTE网络中,对带宽的估计极具挑战。设计并实现了一种基于LTE资源块感知的自适应无线流媒体系统,系统中的LTE资源块监测模块监测当前蜂窝小区范围内的物理层资源占用情况;速率映射机制据此将视频分片下载速率映射为当前可用带宽;码率自适应算法结合当前LTE网络中潜在可用带宽和当前视频缓存状况,选择最合适的码率版本,以实现视频质量和播放卡顿之间的折中。在原型系统上的测试实验中,与两种基线码率自适应算法进行对比,所提方法在保持极低的播放卡顿率的情况下获得了最高的平均视频码率,有效提升了用户的视频观看体验。     

基于脑电的弹幕视频用户体验质量评估研究

弹幕视频是一种近年来发展迅速的新兴媒体传播形式,备受大众喜爱,但根据调查显示,部分用户认为弹幕严重影响了视频观看。为改善弹幕视频服务,用户体验质量（Quality of Experience,QoE）的评估迫在眉睫。然而,现有用户体验质量评价方法存在主观因素导致的虚假反馈、反馈不够及时、数据度量关系难以衡量等局限性。在这种情况下,脑电图（electroencephalogram,EEG）因具有无法伪装、高时间分辨率、数据更具统计学意义等优势,已经初步应用于视听刺激的主观评估。结合以上优势,本文提出将EEG突破性地应用于弹幕视频的QoE评估。本研究基于相锁值构建了功能连接特征脑网络,提取了高/低两种QoE水平下的成对差异网络,并基于该网络通过机器学习方法构建评估模型。该评估模型平均分类准确率达到80%,揭示了对于不同类型视频用户产生不同QoE时大脑区域协作的变化模式,并提出与QoE高度相关的额叶为主要会聚区域。以上研究结果表明,该评估模型能真实记录用户观看视频时的生理和心理活动,研究结果为改善弹幕视频服务提供了神经生理学依据。     

IPTV测试技术详解

作为方兴未艾的新技术、新应用,IPTV如何有效保障用户体验质量?视频QoE同QoS的对应关系用户感知到的视频服务质量(即用户体验)易受多种因素的影响,如IPTV的收费价格、用户的期望值、用户个性化行为、网络性能和业务质量等。从技     

基于QoE的无线网络资源调度优化研究

为了提高用户观看高清视频、IPTV以及收听高质量音乐等业务时的满意度,采集用户所处情景的环境状况、设备状况和网络状况,分析不同情景对用户无线资源需求的影响,提出了基于QoE的无线资源调度优化算法。通过系统级仿真的结果表明,基于QoE的资源分配方法可以有效地提高用户的QoE。     

IPTV视频质量评价介绍

IPTV作为三网融合的重要内容,其发展备受关注,提供具有良好的用户体验质量(Quality of Experience,QoE)服务是其与传统电视业务相竞争的关键。所以,对IPTV基于QoE的视频质量评价越来越重要,对IPTV的QoE视频质量评价方法进行了介绍,重点讨论了针对编码和网络传输损伤的视频质量客观评价方法。     

面向六自由度视频应用的多视点视频码率分配

六自由度(Six Degree of Freedom,6DoF)视频系 统允许用户从全方位、以任意视角身 临其境地体验场景,是沉浸式视频技术的发展方向。根据6DoF视频系统中用户观看位置的变 化,对多视点彩色与深度视频的码率分配是高质量场景生成的关键。本文从虚拟视点的失真 出发,提出一种基于虚拟视点质量预测 (Quality prediction model of virtual view,QP MVV)模型的视点级码率分配方法。首先理论分析了彩色和深度视频编码失真和虚拟视点失 真的关系,然后通过实验统计分析了虚拟视点质量与彩色和深度视频编码量化参数的关系, 建立了多视点彩色和深度视频的QPMVV模型,最后推导出多视点彩色和深度视频的相关视点 的码率分配比例。实验表明,与平均分配的方法相比,本文码率分配方法能显著提升虚拟视 点的主观和客观质量。虚拟视点越偏离中心位置,质量改善越明显。     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.     

GaAsSb/InAlAs PA DHBTs Grown by Production MBE

The epi material growth of GaAsSb based DHBTs with InAlAs emitters are investigated using a 4 × 100mm multi-wafer production Riber 49 MBE reactor fully equipped with real-time in-situ sensors including an absorption band edge spectroscope and an optical-based flux monitor. The state-of-the-art hole mobilities are obtained from 100nm thick carbon-doped GaAsSb. A Sb composition variation of less than ± 0.1 atomic percent across a 4 × 100mm platen configuration has been achieved. The large area InAlAs/GaAsSb/InP DHBT device demonstrates excellent DC characteristics,such as BVCEO＞6V and a DC current gain of 45 at 1kA/cm2 for an emitter size of 50μm × 50μm. The devices have a 40nm thick GaAsSb base with p-doping of 4. 5 × 1019cm-3 . Devices with an emitter size of 4μm × 30μm have a current gain variation less than 2% across the fully processed 100mm wafer. ft and fmax are over 50GHz,with a power efficiency of 50% ,which are comparable to standard power GaAs HBT results. These results demonstrate the potential application of GaAsSb/InP DHBT for power amplifiers and the feasibility of multi-wafer MBE for mass production of GaAsSb-based HBTs.     

Influence of polarization extinction ratio on distributed polarization coupling detection

Distributed polarization coupling in polarization-maintaining fibers can be detected by using a white light Michelson interferometer. This technique usually requires that only one polarization mode is excited. However, in practical measurement, the injection polarization direction could not be exactly aligned to one of the principal axes of the PMF, so the influence of the polarization extinction ratio should be considered. Based on the polarization coupling theory, the influence of the incident polarization extinction on the measurement result is evaluated and analyzed, and a method for distributed polarization coupling detection is developed when both two orthogonal eigenmodes are excited.     

Noise character analysis and the restraint of self-pulsation laser diodes

We calculate the Langevin noise sources of self-pulsation laser diodes, analyze the effects of active region noise and saturable-absorption region noise on the power fluctuation as well as period fluctuation, and propose a novel method to restrain the noise effects. A visible SIMULINK model is established to simulate the system, The results indicate that the effects of noise in absorption region can be ignored; that with the increase of DC injecting current, the noise effects enhance power jitter, and nevertheless, the period jitter is decreased; and that with external sinusoidal current modulating the self-pulsation laser diode, the noise-induced power jitter and period jitter can be suppressed greatly. This work is valuable for clock recovery in all-optical network.     

High-quality single-crystal CdSe nanoribbons and their optical properties

Large-scale synthesis of single-crystal CdSe nanoribbons is achieved by a modified thermal evaporation method, in which two-step-thermal-evaporation is used to control CdSe sources＇ evaporation. The synthesized CdSe nanoribbons are usually several micrometers in width, 50 nm in thickness, and tens to several hundred micrometers in length. Studies have shown that high-quality CdSe nanoribbons with regular shapes can be obtained by this method. Room-temperature photolumines-cence indicates that the lasing emission at 710 nm has been observed under optical pumping （266 nm） at power densities of 25-153 kW/cm^2. The full width half maximum （FWHM） of the lasing mode is 0.67 nm     

Propagation of hermite-cosh-gaussian beams passing through ABCD optical system with an annular aperture

By using the expansion of the aperture function into a finte sum of complex Gaussian functions, the corresponding analytical expressions of Hermite-cosh-Gaussian beams passing through annular apertured paraxially and symmetrically optical systems written in terms of ABCD matrix were derived, and they could reduce to the cases with squared aperture. In a similar way, the corresponding analytical expressions of cosh-Gaussian beams through annular apertured ABCD matrix were also given. The method could save more calculation time than that by using the diffraction integral formula directly.     

中国建立EB级存储实验室,致力云计算应用(英文)

正With the support of 863 programs,Sugon Information Industry Co.,Ltd.,set up a dawning EB-class storage laboratory to address massive data storage requirements and largescale cloud computing demonstration applications.The Dawning EB-class cloud storage system adopts advanced fault-tolerant architecture,efficient data fault-tolerant algorithms with user authentication and data encryption policies to deal with the"lost""wrong"and"stolen"problems of data for ensuring the reliability and safety of the EB-class storage system in the public network application environments.The Dawning EB-class Storage Laboratory taking advan-