对MANET AODV路由协议攻击效果分析

移动无线自组织网络(Mobile Ad Hoc Network,MANET)具有抗毁性强、组网灵活的特点,战场通信环境是其很重要的应用背景,基于距离向量的按需路由协议(Ad-hoc On-demand Vector Routing,AODV)在移动无线自组织网络中具有广泛的应用。针对移动无线自组网AODV路由协议,在分析其工作原理的基础上,建立网络流量的分析模型。从网络发起泛搜索路由引起网络流量变化的角度,分析不同的协议攻击方法对网络的影响。     

无线自组网中AODV路由协议的Linux实现

基于AODV(Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector)路由协议在无线移动自组网中应用的基本原理,针对Linux操作系统路由体系结构特点,深入分析了在这种路由体系结构中实现AODV路由协议的主要关键技术和难点,给出了解决问题的办法,提出了在Linux操作系统上实现AODV路由协议的方案并在实践中加以验证,证明这种方案切实可行。     

基于NS2的Ad hoc网络路由协议性能分析比较

A d Hoc网络的路由协议是A d Hoc网络研究的关键问题,对于研究A d Hoc网络是至关重要的。本文采用网络仿真软件N S2评价移动自组网的路由协议。通过实例仿真,利用编写的脚本程序,对仿真结果进行分析,从而对移动自组网路由协议AODV(自组网按需路由协议)、DSR(动态源路由)以及DSDV(基于目的序号和距离矢量路由)的性能参数进行比较。     

基于地理定位信息的移动自组网路由协议综述

移动自组网是自组网技术的重要应用领域,其关键技术在于路由协议的设计和选取.分析了移动自组网路由协议的基本设计原则和分类,总结了基于地理定位信息的移动自组网路由协议的发展现状和特点,指明了目前研究的热点方向.最后,对移动自组网的发展方向进行了展望.     

基于MANET的多路径路由协议分析与仿真

移动自组网MANET是由许多移动节点组成的无中心的、多跳的自组织网络,网络中的节点由于移动和能量耗尽可能会使得路径失效,因此传统的单路径协议效率并不高。本文介绍了自组网中最常用的AODV协议,重点对AOMDV多路径路由协议的路由机制和维护管理进行了探讨。最后使用NS2仿真软件对两种协议进行了比较,结果表明,在分组投递率和端到端延时方面,AOMDV比AODV更具优势。     

基于AODV协议的自组网络安全机制的研究

路由协议的安全性是移动自组网络安全中最重要的一环,AODV路由协议因简单和控制开销小而广泛用于自组网络,但其没有任何安全机制保障,为此,本文探讨了AODV路由协议存在的主要安全隐患,对协议进行必要的改进,增加攻击检测功能,并为网络中节点建立信誉机制,二者相互作用共同完成协议安全性保障.利用NS进行仿真,结果表明改进后的算法能够检测到网络中节点的恶意行为并迅速做出反应,实现对网络内部及外部攻击的防范.     

自组网的安全分析

由于自组网具有自组性、动态性等特点，除了用在军事上。还可应用于商业，其安全问题和安全策略日益受到重视。自组网面临的一个主要挑战在于它客易受到攻击，针对这种情况．并根据不同安全需求和具体环境可以采取如下安全策略：基于口令的认证协议、异步的分布式密钥管理策略、采用反应或路由协议(AODV)安全增强技术等。     

针对军用自组网环境下的路由协议（MMAR）设计

Ad Hoc网络目前的主要应用领域仍然是军事方面.文中针对战场环境中装甲部队这一特殊移动自组网的运动特性及移动终端配置等特点,参考目前较为完善的AODV、DSR路由协议,提出了适用于装甲车自组网的路由协议MMAR(military mobile ad hoc network routing protocol),通过OPNET仿真表明:相对于军用移动环境,该协议比AODV、DSR能更有效地减少路由负载,并能显著提高端到端时延、相对路由开销和平均投递率等性能.     

移动自组网典型路由协议研究

随着网络的发展,移动自组网已成为当前研究的热点,文中介绍了移动自组网与现有通信系统在路由上的区别,重点探讨了移动自组网DSDV、AODV、DSR等几类典型的路由协议,以及MANET路由协议今后的主要研究方向。     

移动自组网路由恢复算法的研究

移动自组网是由一组带有无线收发装置的移动终端组成的自治通信系统.煤矿井下移动自组网可应用于矿井的监控管理系统、数据采集系统或者应急通信系统.移动自组网的路由方案主要包括表驱动(Proactive)和按需驱动(Reactive)两种,AODV是一种代表性的按需驱动算法.文中介绍了利用辅助路径基于AODV的一种矿井移动自组网的路由恢复算法,给出了辅助路由算法的性能测评方案.     

移动自组网中基于声誉机制的安全路由协议设计与分析

移动自组网是一种有特殊用途的对等式网络,具有无中心、自组织、可快速展开、可移动等特点,这些特点使得它在战场、救灾等特殊场合的应用日渐受到人们的重视.由于在移动自组网络中每节点既是主机又是路由器,所以容易遭受基于路由信息的攻击,而现今的路由协议基本没有考虑到该问题.本文在分析移动自组网络安全特性的基础上,综述了该方面的研究工作,建立了基于声誉机制评价体系,并给出了具体的评价方法和计算模型.在此基础上,提出了基于声誉机制的安全路由协议S-DSR.仿真结果表明在存在攻击节点的情况下S-DSR协议比DSR协议具有更好的包传输率、包丢失率等属性.     

一种蜂窝辅助的AODV路由协议

首先提出了一种新的融合AdHoe和蜂窝网络体系结构。接着在这种融合网络结构下,对传统AODV路由协议进行了改进,设计了一种蜂窝辅助的AODV路由协议（CA-AODV）。CA-AODV路由协议利用蜂窝系统中代理节点所保存的移动adhoe节点位置信息,来维护、更新节点中的路由,这种主动维护路由信息的方法从而可以提高传统AODV协议的性能。最后文中通过NS-2仿真表明：在数据发送率较高的情况下,CA-AODV路由协议能显著提高传统AODV协议的系统参数性能。     

Biologically inspired artificial intrusion detection system for detecting wormhole attack in MANET

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) does not have traffic concentration points such as gateway or access points which perform behaviour monitoring of individual nodes. Therefore, maintaining the network function for the normal nodes when other nodes do not forward and route properly is a big challenge. One of the significant attacks in ad hoc network is wormhole attack. In this wormhole attack, the adversary disrupts ad hoc routing protocols using higher bandwidth and lower-latency links. Wormhole attack is more hidden in character and tougher to detect. So, it is necessary to use mechanisms to avoid attacking nodes which can disclose communication among unauthorized nodes in ad hoc networks. Mechanisms to detect and punish such attacking nodes are the only solution to solve this problem. Those mechanisms are known as intrusion detection systems (IDS). In this paper, the suggested biological based artificial intrusion detection system (BAIDS) include hybrid negative selection algorithm (HNSA) detectors in the local and broad detection subsection to detect anomalies in ad hoc network. In addition to that, response will be issued to take action over the misbehaving nodes. These detectors employed in BAIDS are capable of discriminating well behaving nodes from attacking nodes with a good level of accuracy in a MANET environment. The performance of BAIDS in detecting wormhole attacks in the background of DSR, AODV and DSDV routing protocols is also evaluated using Qualnet v 5.2 network simulator. Detection rate, false alarm rate, packet delivery ratio, routing overhead are used as metrics to compare the performance of HNSA and the BAIDS technique.     

Design and Performance of PRAN: A System for Physical Implementation of Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocols

Simulation and physical implementation are both valuable tools in evaluating ad hoc network routing protocols, but neither alone is sufficient. In this paper, we present the design and performance of PRAN, a new system for the physical implementation of ad hoc network routing protocols that unifies these two types of evaluation methodologies. PRAN (physical realization of ad hoc networks) allows existing simulation models of ad hoc network routing protocols to be used - without modification - to create a physical implementation of the same protocol. We have evaluated the simplicity and portability of our approach across multiple protocols and multiple operating systems through example implementations in PRAN of the DSR and AODV routing protocols in FreeBSD and Linux using the standard existing, unmodified ns-2 simulation model of each. We illustrate the ability of the resulting protocol implementations to handle real, demanding applications by describing a demonstration with this DSR implementation transmitting real-time video streams over a multihop mobile ad hoc network; the demonstration features mobile robots being remotely operated based on the real-time video stream transmitted from the robot over the network. We also present a detailed performance evaluation of PRAN to show the feasibility of our architecture     

Efficient on-demand routing for mobile ad hoc wireless access networks

In this paper, we consider a mobile ad hoc wireless access network in which mobile nodes can access the Internet via one or more stationary gateway nodes. Mobile nodes outside the transmission range of the gateway can continue to communicate with the gateway via their neighboring nodes over multihop paths. On-demand routing schemes are appealing because of their low routing overhead in bandwidth restricted mobile ad hoc networks, however, their routing control overhead increases exponentially with node density in a given geographic area. To control the overhead of on-demand routing without sacrificing performance, we present a novel extension of the ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol, called LB-AODV, which incorporates the concept of load-balancing (LB). Simulation results show that as traffic increases, our proposed LB-AODV routing protocol has a significantly higher packet delivery fraction, a lower end-to-end delay and a reduced routing overhead when compared with both AODV and gossip-based routing protocols.     

AODV_RR: A Maximum Transmission Range Based Ad Hoc on-Demand Distance Vector Routing in MANET

Nodes in a mobile ad hoc network are battery constrained devices and energy efficiency becomes an important consideration. In a multi-hop mobile ad hoc network the most common method to achieve energy efficiency is the transmission power control scheme in which a node transmits the data packets to its nearest neighbor which is at minimum required power level. However this scheme minimizes only the transmission power within the node’s neighborhood and energy efficiency at the link level is possible. With this scheme it is not possible to minimize the overall energy consumption of the network and the communication overhead of the network is not minimized. An analysis has been performed and our results have proved that instead of using low transmission power, the routing strategy needs to be controlled and only certain nodes are to be allowed to receive and process this routing request based on the received signal strength, then the overall energy consumption of the network can be minimized and the communication overhead is also minimized. The modified routing strategy is applied to the basic ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol and a maximum transmission range based ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing protocol named AODV range routing (AODV_RR) is proposed and studied under different network sizes. Measurable difference in performance is realized and the proposed AODV_RR perform better than normal AODV with respect to all the selected metrics.     

移动Ad hoc网络路由协议的一种节能策略

针对移动Ad hoc网络中节点的有限能量供给问题，通过建立数学模型并结合路由协议的实际特点．提出了一种基于搜索具有最大可持续能量路由的节能策略，并在理论上进行了正确性证明。该策略首先将路由上所有节点可用能量的最小值即路由的可持续能量作为路由的权值，然后选择具有最大权值的路由，定量地解决了能量问题。最后以不具备能量特征的按需式路由协议AODV为例，提出了具体的节能措施，为解决类似问题开辟了一条新的途径。     

Ad Hoc网络中两种按需路由协议的比较

Ad hoc网络的特征是多跳的无线连接，网络拓扑的频繁变化，以及需要有效的动态路由协议。重点比较Ad hoc网络中两种主要的按需路由协议：动态源路由（DSR）协议和Ad hoc按需距离矢量路由（AODV）协议。尽管DSR和AODV都是按需路由协议，但不同的协议机制导致了网络性能的显著差异。在OPNET仿真平台下，对采用不用路由协议的网络时延和吞吐量进行比较，从而分析不同的路由机制引起的网络性能差异。     

移动Ad Hoc网络安全按需路由协议

Ad Hoc网络的安全性问题越来越引起人们的关注,如何确保Ad Hoc网络路由协议的安全成为Ad Hoc研究的一项关键技术。提出一种适用于移动Ad Hoc网络的安全按需源路由协议,利用移动节点之间的会话密钥和基于散列函数的消息鉴别码HMAC一起来验证路由发现和路由应答的有效性。提出的邻居节点维护机制通过把MAC地址和每个节点的ID绑定来防御各种复杂的攻击如虫洞攻击。NS-2仿真表明该协议能有效地探测和阻止针对Ad Hoc网络的大部分攻击。     

Transmission Range Effects on AODV Multicast Communication

As laptop computers begin to dominate the marketplace, wireless adapters with varying bandwidth and range capabilities are being developed by hardware vendors. To provide multihop communication between these computers, ad hoc mobile networking is receiving increasing research interest. While increasing a node's transmission range allows fewer hops between a source and destination and enhances overall network connectivity, it also increases the probability of collisions and reduces the effective bandwidth seen at individual nodes. To enable formation of multihop ad hoc networks, a routing protocol is needed to provide the communication and route finding capability in these networks. The Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing protocol (AODV) has been designed to provide both unicast and multicast communication in ad hoc mobile networks. Because AODV uses broadcast to transmit multicast data packets between nodes, the transmission range plays a key role in determining the performance of AODV. This paper studies the effects of transmission range on AODV's multicast performance by examining the results achieved at varying transmission ranges and network configurations.