面向协作的智能无线传感器网络的研究

在无线传感网络测量过程中,协作式计算框架为数据的采集、分发、路由及各种应用提供灵活的支持,为智能信息间的通信和智能信息与主机系统间的通信提供基于标识的共享存储空间,为智能信息的执行提供独立的工作环境(虚拟机)。基于协作式计算模型的有效性,文章提出一种用于无线传感器系统网络的协作式计算框架,并且利用Java编译的原型进行了设计和实现。实验证明,协作式计算提供了足够的灵活性,为各种协议在计算平台上的执行提供了基础。     

协作分集中的跨层设计

协作通分集的主要思想是通过多用户系统中的各个用户之间的独立天线合作传输信息,产生虚拟的MIMO系统。协作通信在无线网络中的应用大大改善了系统性能,文中从网络结构的角度,分析不同层对协作通信的影响,并提出了一个跨层的网络设计模块,通过优化网络设计提高系统性能。     

基于能量有效性的协作节点配置问题研究

无线通信的能耗主要由功放能耗和电路能耗两部分组成。在大距离传输中,通信能耗由功放能耗主导,电路能耗往往被忽略不计。而在以短距离传输为主的传感器网络中,电路能耗成为不可忽略的一部分,甚至有可能超过功放能耗成为通信能耗的主导。本文就如何通过节点间协作降低网络的通信能耗展开研究,拟解决协作通信中的协作节点配置问题。本文将信源-协作节点间距离纳入协作通信系统模型,提出一种针对调制参数、协作中继数、信源-协作簇距离对协作通信能耗进行联合优化的策略,并在无线传感器网络环境下对该模型的能耗进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,在传输距离一定的情况下,通过协作节点的数量、调制参数和信源-协作簇距离的联合优化配置,可以更有效地提高协作传输的节能效果。      

无线局域网中接入中继业务的协作通信机制

在现有的文献中,协作通信机制都是通过建立协作链路,将源节点的业务通过中继节点转发到目的节点,而在目的节点将受到的源节点信号和目的节点信号进行合并处理。显然,协作通信机制可以提高数据传输的可靠性,但是,该机制并未考虑中继节点本身的业务。文章提出了一种新的MAC机制,称为接入中继业务的协作通信机制（RTACC）。该机制中,中继节点利用已经建立好的协作链路,待转发完成源节点的业务后,在SIFS时间间隔以后发送本身的业务到目的节点,从而提高网络的吞吐量。通过性能分析和仿真验证了本文中提出的机制有效提高了网络的吞吐量。     

无线协作Mesh网

异构无线网络的融合是当前无线网络的发展趋势。针对融合过程中遇到的诸如传输模式选择、负载平衡、路由和切换之类的问题,文章提出了一种新的网络融合架构：无线协作Mesh网。该架构基于无线Mesh网的网络结构,并通过协作通信进一步优化其结构、提升其性能。该架构能充分发挥Mesh技术高频谱效率、动态自组织的优点和协作通信高分集增益、高能量效率的优点,可为无线网络融合提供一种有效的解决方案。     

基于协作的WSN在矿井中的应用研究

协作分集技术使得具有单根天线的通信终端可以共享彼此的天线而产生一个虚拟多输入多输出（MIMO）系统,解决了通信终端受尺寸和硬件复杂度的限制难以实现多天线的问题,因而逐渐引起人们的关注。文中讨论了采用协作的无线传感器网络（WSN）在井下通信和人员定位的应用,并指出了其在煤矿安全监测和矿区通信中要解决的问题。     

无线协作中继技术综述

无线协作中继技术具有低成本、扩大覆盖范围的作用,可以有效提高通信系统的可靠性和传输速率。对无线协作中继技术进行综述,讨论协作中继的基本协议和协作中继的选择方案,并且进行比较分析和仿真验证。     

无线协作中继技术综述

无线协作中继技术具有低成本、扩大覆盖范围的作用,可以有效提高通信系统的可靠性和传输速率。本文对无线协作中继技术进行综述,主要讨论了协作中继的基本协议,并对协作中继的选择方案进行了比较分析。     

基于博弈论的QoS协作WSNs路由算法

针对无线传感器网络中各个节点之间通信路由单一、无法充分调动合适的路由节点用于下一跳协作通信而浪费不必要的带宽、时延和能耗,提出一种基于博弈论的QoS协作路由算法(QACR),通过研究各个传感器节点的距离、能耗速度与QoS需求量之间的博弈关系,建立基于QoS需求的博弈模型。将协作通信和路由机制相结合,在博弈模型的理论基础上为中心节点选择一个或者多个中继节点,共同协作将数据包发送至目的地址。仿真验证结果表明,这种方法可以减少节点通信的能量消耗和网络延迟,避免网络由于能耗过快、节点死亡率过高而导致的网络断层或瘫痪,保证网络的可靠性QoS需求。     

一种简单的适合无线Mesh网络的机会协作MAC机制

针对IEEE802．11MAC（medium access control）协议中通信模式的缺陷,提出了一种新的协作MAC机制。该机制重点研究了分布式中继节点的选择算法,并定义了一种新的控制帧（retran）。目的节点通过发送retran帧启动协作机制,收到该帧的节点根据中继选择算法设置自身定时器,从而竞争产生“机会中继”,使其在源节点与目的节点之间搭建通信桥梁,该方法简单可行。仿真表明,随着网络中节点数的增加,新的机制对网络吞吐量和误比特性能的改善效果明显,从而提高了通信质量。     

一维无线传感器网络分簇通信方案能量效率研究

为了提高无线传感器网络的能量有效性,该文在分析基于分簇的传统方案和协作分集数据传输方案的能量效率基础上,提出了一维传感器网络分簇多用户分集数据传送方案(CMDDTS)。理论分析表明能量开销依赖于数据融合比、簇内通信的发送功率、簇间通信的接收功率以及电路消耗的功率和簇内传感器的数目,仿真结果验证了所提方案的能量效率优于传统方案和协作分集数据传送方案。     

空时协同分集通信及其最新进展

协同通信利用通信网中其它用户的天线作为中继,实现“虚拟天线”的空间传输分集,从而提高系统性能,它在民用与军事通信应用中有广阔的应用前景。本文综述了协同通信的主要协同方法、基本性能比较、在实际应用中存在的主要问题及需解决的关键技术,以及协同通信的最新研究方向。     

Spectrally efficient communication for wireless sensor networks using a cooperative MIMO technique

The multi-input multi-output (MIMO) communication framework is adopted for wireless sensor networks by having multiple sensors equipped with single-element antennas cooperate in transmission. A power method-based iterative algorithm is developed that computes the optimal transmit and receive eigen-filters distributively among the sensors while transferring most of the computational burden to the central collector node. Since the proposed algorithm implicitly exploits the channel state information (CSI) both at the receiver and the transmitter, it is expected that the resulting spectral efficiency is higher than what can be achieved by receive CSI-only space-time coding. This intuition is confirmed by employing a variable-rate adaptive modulation scheme for the eigen-transmission and comparing its spectral efficiency with that of orthogonal space time block codes (OSTBCs) at specific target bit error rates. The performance is also evaluated using realistic channel estimation as well as the least mean square (LMS) and recursive least square (RLS) algorithms for iterative eigencoding. This material is based upon work supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Award No. FA9550-04-C-0074 and Toyon Research Corporation Subcontract No. SC6431-1. Seung-Jun Kim received B.S. and M.S. from Seoul National University in 1996 and 1998, respectively, and Ph.D. from University of California, Santa Barbara in 2005, all in electrical engineering. From 1998 to 2000, he served as a Korea Overseas Volunteer at Chiang Rai Teachers College in Chiang Rai, Thailand. Since 2005, he has been with NEC Laboratories America in Princeton, NJ. His research interests lie in detection/estimation theory, spread-spectrum communications, multiple antenna techniques and cross-layer design. Richard E. Cagley received the B.S. degree in engineering from Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA in 1997 and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the University of California, Santa Barbara in 1999 and 2003 respectively. Dr. Cagley currently holds a position with Toyon Research Corporation, Goleta, CA. Prior to joining Toyon, he held positions with Fujant Incorporated, Jet Propulsion Laboratories, and Qualcomm Corporation. His general research interests are in the areas of physical and MAC layer design for wireless communication. This includes multiuser detection, interference cancellation, space-time processing, spectrum management, and digital receiver design. Ronald A. Iltis received the B.A. (Biophysics) from The Johns Hopkins University in 1978, the M.Sc in Engineering from Brown University in 1980, and the Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from the University of California, San Diego in 1984. Since 1984, he has been with the University of California, Santa Barbara, where he is currently a Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. His current research interests are in CDMA, software radio, radiolocation, and nonlinear estimation. He has also served as a consultant to government and private industry in the areas of adaptive arrays, neural networks and spread-spectrum communications. Dr. Iltis was previously an Editor for the IEEE Transactions on Communications. In 1990 he received the Fred W. Ellersick award for best paper at the IEEE MILCOM conference.     

无线传感网物理层协作分集的性能分析

该文针对无线传感网中的远距传输问题,研究了一种无需网络同步和正交信道的协作分集方法的性能,给出了在两种典型信道中当解码转发存在误差传播时远程目的节点的误码率及分集指数;分析了当转发节点间为白高斯信道时增加协作节点数能够提高目的节点性能的条件。研究结果表明,当转发节点间为白高斯信道时,只要转发节点处于正常工作点,增加节点数就能提高目的节点的性能;当转发节点间为瑞利平衰落信道时,只有当转发节点处于一定位置时,协作分集相对于直接发送或传统空间分集才有性能增益;当转发节点间为瑞利平衰落信道时增加跳数性能更好,为白高斯信道时增加分支数更有效;当转发节点间为瑞利平衰落信道时,误差传播将使目的节点的分集指数为1,但在较低信噪比条件下对分集性能影响很小。     

A cross-layer strategy for cooperative diversity in wireless sensor networks

We investigate the problem of how to minimize the energy consumption in multi-hop Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), under the constraint of end-to-end reliability Quality of Seervice (QoS) requirement. Based on the investigation, we jointly consider the routing, relay selection and power allocation algorithm, and present a novel distributed cross-layer strategy using opportunistic relaying scheme for cooperative communication. The results show that under the same QoS requirement, the proposed cross-layer strategy performs better than other cross-layer cooperative communication algorithms in energy efficiency. We also investigated the impact of several parameters on the energy efficiency of the cooperative communication in WSNs, thus can be used to provide guidelines to decide when and how to apply cooperation for a given setup.     

基于随机矩阵理论的协作频谱感知

认知无线电频谱共享技术在新一代无线通信网络中具有广泛的应用前景,频谱感知是其中最重要的环节。该文提出了一种新的在多认知用户环境中,基于大维随机矩阵理论的协作频谱感知算法。充分利用随机矩阵的渐近谱分布特性及小样本下最大特征值收敛特性来提高感知性能。理论分析和仿真结果均表明,新算法性能明显优于同类算法和典型的能量检测算法。     

多基站协作系统中有限反馈策略及其码本设计

该文针对基于中央控制单元和大容量光纤骨干网连接而成的多基站集中调度协作系统所引起的高系统复杂度和高实现成本等问题,分析了一种可由现存蜂窝无线系统平滑过渡的多基站分布式协作MIMO系统结构及其信号传输特性。在此基础上,给出了该系统结构中基于信道量化码字索引信息的低速率有限反馈策略,讨论了对应的码本设计与构造准则,并提出了一种基于弦距离矢量量化准则的量化码本空间构造与实现算法。通过性能分析表明,该有限反馈策略获得的系统性能可明显优于模拟的导频重传方法,同时也好于基于欧几里德距离量化准则构造的码本空间性能。     

WMSN中基于VSQI压缩反馈的协作节点选择

无线传感器网络中采用协同通信技术进行收集、交换和分析数据,可以有效提高信息精确度,并大大减少节点的能耗。其中协作节点的选择是一个重要问题。考虑在WMSN中应用信息压缩反馈技术,将分布在临近地理位置上的传感器节点的视频流质量指标（Video Stream Quality Index, VSQI）通过控制信道反馈给汇聚节点,可以为协同节点的选择提供支持。本文根据人类视觉特征,提出了一种用于视频流质量估计的方法,并据此综合考虑VSQI信号的设计。由于WMSN中巨大的信息反馈量,将压缩感知（Compressive Sensing, CS）理论应用到VSQI压缩反馈中进行了研究,寻找并验证了与VSQI信号相关的随机测量矩阵与重建准则,实验结果证明基于压缩感知的压缩反馈方法可以降低感知节点端处理复杂度、增强反馈压缩程度,从而确定WMSN中传输节点的协作节点。      

Power control based cooperative opportunistic routing in wireless sensor networks

This paper proposes an approach called PC-CORP (Power Control based Cooperative Opportunistic Routing Protocol) for WSN (Wireless Sensor Networks), providing robustness to the random variations in network connectivity while ensuring better data forwarding efficiency in an energy efficient manner. Based on the realistic radio model, we combine the region-based routing, rendezvous scheme, sleep discipline and cooperative communication together to model data forwarding by cross layer design in WSN. At the same time, a lightweight transmission power control algorithm called PC-AIMD (Power Control Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease) is introduced to utilize the cooperation of relay nodes to improve the forwarding efficiency performance and increase the robustness of the routing protocol. In the simulation, the performance of PC-COPR is investigated in terms of the adaptation of variations in network connectivity and satisfying the QoS requirements of application.     

Nakagami衰落信道下合作分集的无线家庭网络性能分析

提出在未来无线家庭网中采用合作分集的思想,通信时利用处于空闲状态的终端用户对所发送信息进行中继发送,保证整个网络误码率性能、中断概率以及发送功率达到最佳折衷.在Nakagami平衰落信道条件下研究了再生中继和非再生中继两种合作方式下的中断概率和误码率性能,给出误码率和中断概率的解析表达式,并用matlaab进行仿真,仿真结果表明,在低信噪比条件下再生中继大大优于非再生中继方式,但高信噪比条件下两者性能接近.