Three-channel variable filter-bank for digital hearing aids

This study proposes a three-channel (3-channel) variable filter-bank (VFB) that consists of variable lowpass, variable bandpass and variable highpass digital filters. The three variable digital filters are obtained from a normalised analog prototype Chebyshev type-I lowpass filter using analog frequency transformations along with a modified bilinear transformation. Since both the magnitudes (gains) and band edge frequencies of the three variable digital filters are independently adjustable, the 3-channel VFB is considerably flexible, and can be successfully applied for compensating various hearing loss patterns in digital hearing aids. Various audiograms have been used to verify that high-accuracy fittings can be achieved with low order variable filters. Moreover, the authors reveal and theoretically prove the numerator coefficient-symmetries of the variable lowpass, variable bandpass and variable highpass filters, and show that each variable filter requires only one multiplication for its numerator filtering operations, so the total number of multiplications can be significantly reduced. More specifically, only 11 multiplications and 14 additions are required in the whole 3-channel VFB. Therefore the 3-channel VFB has extremely simple structure and high tuning flexibility for hearing aids.     

多级多维离散小波变换的快速提升计算

提升方法是计算离散小波变换的有效手段,它由一系列的提升步和拉伸变换组成.在计算多级和多维离散小波变换时,现有方法在每一次小波分解的过程中都做完整的提升步计算和拉伸变换计算.我们发现该方法存在运算过程的冗余,为此本文提出了一种称之为后拉伸变换的提升方法,基本思想是计算完所有的提升步后,再统一进行拉伸变换.它能减少离散小波变换的乘法运算量.例如,对图像与视频压缩中应用广泛的Daubechies 9/7小波,做一维5级分解时与现有方法相比,乘法运算减少20%,而二维5级分解时,乘法运算减少28%.     

基于小波分析的红外焦平面阵列非均匀性校正算法

近年来,小波变换在图像处理中的应用日益受到关注,介绍了小波变换在红外图像非均匀性校正方面的应用。时域高通滤波法是一种典型的自适应非均匀校正方法,在分析传统的时域高通滤波法的基础上,提出了应用小波基实现更加具体的数字低通滤波器,采用Mallat金字塔型算法,将低频部分进行多层次划分,提高低频部分的频域分辨率,并用序列图像进行了验证,仿真结果表明,该方法可以较好地进行非均匀性校正。     

JPEG2000小波变换器的VLSI结构设计

新一代静止图像压缩标准JPEG2000将离散小波变换(DWT)作为其核心变换技术,并推荐采用推举体制(lifting)快速算法来实现.空间组合推举体制算法(SCLA)大大降低了lifting的运算量.当选用9/7小波滤波器时,SCLA的乘法运算量只有lifting的7/12.本文提出了一种实现SCLA算法的VLSI结构,降低了基于lifting实现的运算量, 加快了变换的速度,减小了电路的规模.本文的二维正反小波变换器已经作为单独的IP核应用于我们目前正在开发的JPEG2000图像编解码芯片中.     

基于方向区域的NSCT图像融合算法

提出一种新的基于方向区域的NSCT图像融合算法。算法首先对源图像进行NSCT分解,获得不同方向的高低频子带。其次对高低频系数,根据不同分解层的方向特性,按方向区域能量的规则进行融合。最后,通过反变换获得融合图像。该方法既保留了Contourlet变换方法的多尺度多方向特性,又具有移不变性。实验结果表明,提出的算法有效可行,对比常用的区域融合算法,获得了更好的融合效果。     

B-spline FIR filters

This paper presents an efficient procedure for the design of interpolated FIR (IFIR) filters with linear phase. The algorithm uses the uniform B-spline function as an interpolator and solves the optimal Chebyshev approximation problem on the optimal subinterval. The technique can be used for the design of general lowpass, highpass and bandpass filters. While the number of multiplications of the IFIR filter is dependent on the bandwidth and the center frequency of the desired filter, it provides the minimum number of multiplications achievable and nearly always provides a substantial reduction when compared to Parks-McClellan designs.     

用查表法快速实现二维8×8离散余弦逆变换的研究

提出一种基于查表法的二维8×8离散余弦逆变换(2D 8×8 IDCT)的快速算法,其查找表LUT(Look-Up Table)结构的设计是基于二维8×8 DCT的基本图像.利用两种技术减小查找表长度:①利用基本图像的对称特性;②通过对离散余弦正变换(DCT)和量化过程的分析,推导出每个量化后DCT系数的取值范围.使得查找表只有10.9746K项数据,若量化矩阵具有对称性q(u,v)=q(v,u),LUT的长度还可减少近半.新算法利用查表法消除IDCT中乘法运算,并利用图像数据的特点和基本图像的对称特性大大减少加法次数,提高了计算速度.以多幅标准图像为样本数据进行实验,结果表明:新算法实现2D 8×8 IDCT运算平均只需加法182次.与当前运算量最小的Feig快速算法做比较,新算法避免了乘法,所需加法次数也降低了约15%.     

Fusion of multispectral and panchromatic images using improved IHS and PCA mergers based on wavelet decomposition

Since Chavez proposed the highpass filtering procedure to fuse multispectral and panchromatic images, several fusion methods have been developed based on the same principle: to extract from the panchromatic image spatial detail information to later inject it into the multispectral one. In this paper, we present new fusion alternatives based on the same concept, using the multiresolution wavelet decomposition to execute the detail extraction phase and the intensity-hue-saturation (IHS) and principal component analysis (PCA) procedures to inject the spatial detail of the panchromatic image into the multispectral one. The multiresolution wavelet decomposition has been performed using both decimated and undecimated algorithms and the resulting merged images compared both spectral and spatially. These fusion methods, as well as standard IHS-, PCA-, and wavelet-based methods have been used to merge Systeme Pour l'Observation de la Terre (SPOT) 4 XI and SPOT 4 M images with a ratio 4:1. We have estimated the validity of each fusion method by analyzing, visually and quantitatively, the quality of the resulting fused images. The methodological approaches proposed in this paper result in merged images with improved quality with respect to those obtained by standard IHS, PCA, and standard wavelet-based fusion methods. For both proposed fusion methods, better results are obtained when an undecimated algorithm is used to perform the multiresolution wavelet decomposition.     

A zero-watermark algorithm for multiple images based on visual cryptography and image fusion

At present, it is difficult for the multiple images zero-watermark algorithm to protect all the images in the image set, and repeated operations will reduce the efficiency of the algorithm. To solve these issues, the proposed algorithm can design a reasonable copyright protection scheme according to the number of images in the image set to realize the protection of all images, and reduce the cost of time and storage. The gray-weighted average image fusion method is used to fuse multiple normalized standard images into one image. The LWT(Lifting the Wavelet Transform)-QR decomposition is applied to the effective area of the fusion image to obtain the robust feature image. Non-extended visual cryptography is used to enhance the security of the algorithm. A zero-watermark image is obtained by using the XOR manipulation for the feature image and the public shared image. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has good performance.     

Novel approach to the design of I/Q demodulation filters

A novel filter design approach to digital I/Q demodulation is proposed. Two possible realisations are presented using this approach. The first one is based on the highpass filter method which is suitable for B⩽f₀ and while the other realisation is based on the lowpass filter method suitable for B⩽f₀, where B and f ₀ are the IF signal bandwidth and the IF frequency, respectively. Both new realisations maintain the advantages of an earlier lowpass approach such as zero DC offset, matched channel frequency responses, and good performance over a wide bandwidth. At the same time, the new highpass filter realisation method possesses higher computational efficiency than other wideband approaches reported in the literature     

针对人类视觉系统的双波段红外图像融合算法研究

提出了一种针对人类视觉系统的双波段红外图像融合算法。首先采用非下采样Contourlet变换把源图像分解成尺多度、多方向上的子带,然后采用绝对值最大算子的方法对高频部分进行融合,采用基于区域方差的方法对低频部分进行融合,最后进行重构得到融合图像。对试验中采集的双波段红外图像进行了融合实验,并将融合效果与梯度金字塔变换方法和小波变换方法进行了比较。实验结果表明,针对人类视觉系统的双波段红外图像融合算法有效可行,可以获得比常用的算法更好的融合效果。     

冗余轮廓波变换的构造及其在SAR图像降斑中的应用

构造了由非抽样塔式分解和方向滤波器组实现的冗余轮廓波变换。文中利用McClellan变换设计非抽样塔式分解中满足精确重构条件的圆对称滤波器组。利用冗余轮廓波变换系数的自适应局部统计模型及最大后验概率法对SAR图像进行降斑处理,并与基于平稳小波和轮廓波变换的降斑算法进行比较。结果表明,提出的算法能有效地去除散斑噪声,并且具有更强的边缘保持能力。     

Wideband coplanar-waveguide bandpass filters with good stopband rejection

Wideband coplanar-waveguide (CPW) bandpass filters based on the cascade of CPW lowpass and highpass periodic structures are proposed. The upper and lower stopband characteristics of proposed bandpass filter can be easily designed by separately adjusting the lowpass and highpass sections, respectively. Specifically, two wideband CPW bandpass filters with sharp roll-off at passband edges and good stopband rejection are demonstrated.     

Current-mode elliptic filter design based on symmetrical current switching

This paper describes a current-mode elliptic filter structure based on dual-output OTAs and grounded capacitors. The filter is capable of producing both lowpass and highpass notch responses without changing the filter structure. This is achieved using a symmetrical current switching technique based on two switches controlled with a 2-bit digital word. The proposed filter structure forms a basic second-order building block in the design of high-order elliptic filters with tuneable frequency response. To confirm the theoretical analysis, simulated and measured results of fourth-order elliptic lowpass and highpass filters with tuneable bandwidth in the range of 0.65MHz to 1.3MHz are included. Finally, detailed analysis of the OTAs non-ideal parameters on the filter performance is presented and an example is given.     

On the Fast Fractional Jacket Transform

Motivated by the center weighted Hadamard matrix, we propose an improved algorithm for the fast fractional jacket transform (FRJT) based on eigendecomposition of the fractional jacket matrix (FRJM). Employing a matrix diagonalization transformation that decomposes a matrix of large size into products of the matrices composed of eigenvectors and eigenvalues, an FRJM of large size can be fast factored into products of several sparse matrices in a recursive fashion. To generate an FRJM of large size, an algorithm for the factorable FRJM can be conveniently designated with a reduced computational complexity in terms of additions and multiplications. Since the proposed FRJM itself concerns interpretation as a suitable rotation in the time-frequency domain, it is applicable for optics and signal processing.     

Context-driven fusion of high spatial and spectral resolution images based on oversampled multiresolution analysis

This paper compares two general and formal solutions to the problem of fusion of multispectral images with high-resolution panchromatic observations. The former exploits the undecimated discrete wavelet transform, which is an octave bandpass representation achieved from a conventional discrete wavelet transform by omitting all decimators and upsampling the wavelet filter bank. The latter relies on the generalized Laplacian pyramid, which is another oversampled structure obtained by recursively subtracting from an image an expanded decimated lowpass version. Both the methods selectively perform spatial-frequencies spectrum substitution from an image to another. In both schemes, context dependency is exploited by thresholding the local correlation coefficient between the images to be merged, to avoid injection of spatial details that are not likely to occur in the target image. Unlike other multiscale fusion schemes, both the present decompositions are not critically subsampled, thus avoiding possible impairments in the fused images, due to missing cancellation of aliasing terms. Results are presented and discussed on SPOT data.     

Effective compressed sensing MRI reconstruction via hybrid GSGWO algorithm

In a bio-imaging context, the main issues which obstruct the CS (Compressed sensing) application are image reconstruction time and computational cost. This paper presents an effective compressed sensing-based MRI reconstruction through a hybrid optimization algorithm. Initially, the preprocessing stage is performed using Cross guided bilateral filter. Then the K-space is generated by the Fourier transform. The hybrid Walsh Hadamard Transform and Discrete Wavelet Transform (HWHDWT) is utilized for the compressive sensing of the images. Finally, the Hybrid Galactic Swarm Optimization and Grey Wolf Optimization (HGSGWO) algorithm are developed for MRI reconstruction. The dataset collected from a hospital which contains MRI images both in JPEG and DICOM format. The performance of SSIM (Structural Similarity Index), PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio), MSE (mean square error) and reconstruction time are evaluated for images and it is compared with the existing methods.     

基于OTA的多功能电压模滤波器及其仿真

本文采用信号流图法设计了一种基于ＯＴＡ的三输入一输出多功能电压模滤波器新电路，该电路由五个ＯＴＡ和两个接地电容构成，合理选择输入电压可实现低通、高通、带通、带阻及全通滤波功能。文章还对电路进行了ＭＯＳ管级的计算机仿真，其结果表明所提出的电路方案正确有效。     

基于DT-CWT的多聚焦图像的融合

由于离散小波变换在图像融合中的缺陷,提出基于双树复小波变换的图像融合方法。首先对源图像进行双树复小波变换,对低频和高频分别采用局部窗口能量比和局部梯度比作为融合相关性测度,然后基于加权和选择相结合的规则融合高频系数和低频系数,得到各频域系数,最后复原图像。实验结果表明,双树复小波变换的融合方法具有良好的客观评价性能和主观视觉效果,融合规则的可行性。     

一种用CFA实现的通用高阶滤波器

以信号流图为基础,用CFA设计了一种通用高阶滤波电路。这种电路结构由CFA和电阻、电容组成,具有通用性,只需调整接地阻抗的值,就能实现高阶低通、带通、高通及带阻几种不同的滤波功能。列举了四阶带通和五阶高通两种滤波器,并对两种滤波器进行了仿真,PSpice仿真结果与理论分析一致。