基于功率谱离散余弦变换的BPSK信号参数估值

该文针对低信噪比环境下二相编码(BPSK)信号参数估值问题,提出一种基于功率谱离散余弦变换(DCT)的BPSK信号参数估值方法。该方法利用DCT的能量集中特性,通过对提取到的BPSK信号功率谱进行离散余弦变换(DCT)和阈值处理可以得到BPSK信号的码长估计。再进行逆离散余弦变换,可以进一步实现对BPSK信号功率谱的降噪处理,消除噪声对估值的影响,进而利用功率谱特征实现对载频和子脉冲宽度的准确估计。实验表明,该方法在低信噪比环境下,可以准确地识别出BPSK信号的码长和对BPSK信号载频和子脉冲宽度的精确估计,并在信噪比时,较对比方法载频和子脉冲宽度的估值准确率分别提高了22.1%和28.3%。     

基于多特征的语音端点检测技术研究

针对传统的端点检测技术,如基于能量、过零率等方法,在低信噪比噪声环境下检测性能急剧下降的问题,根据汉语语音发音的特点,提出了一种新的检测方法,该方法结合了Mel频率倒谱系数（MFCC）和能量、过零率、频带方差等多个语音特征。基于多特征融合的模糊判决二次搜索端点检测方法,能有效减少清音、拖尾音的截断,提高端点检测的精度,并对噪声环境具有一定的自适应性。实验结果表明,即使在低信噪比条件下,该方法仍具有较高的准确性。     

基于多随机森林的低信噪比声音事件检测

论文针对各种背景声音中低信噪比声音事件的检测问题，提出把背景声音与声音事件混合，形成带噪声样本来训练分类器.在预处理阶段，使用基于经验模态分解与2-6级固有模态函数的投票方法，对背景声音与声音事件端点进行预测并估算信噪比.接着使用子带能量分布方法，提取声音数据的特征.最后，论文将背景声音与声音事件样本库中所有声音样本按照估算的信噪比相混合，生成混合声音特征训练多随机森林，用于低信噪比声音事件的检测.实验证实，所提出的方法可以用于各种声场景下低信噪比声音事件的检测，并能在信噪比为-5dB的情况下保持67.1%的平均检测率.     

基于谱熵的语音检测

根据离散余弦变换(DCT)特性和最大离散熵定理,该文提出利用短时语音余弦变换谱的谱熵进行语音信号检测(Voice activity detection)。在强噪声环境下,传统的能量,过零率,相关等检测方法将会失效,而谱熵法则具有稳健的抗噪特性。计算机模拟显示这是一种比较好的抗噪语音检测方案.     

一种改进的基于DCT的语音增强算法

提出一种改进的基于离散余弦变换的语音增强算法。在信噪比较低时,传统的基于离散余弦变换的语音增强算法效果较好,能较大幅度地提高信号的信噪比;而当信噪比高时,利用这种方法会滤掉一些有用的信号成份。新算法首先计算出所有高阶离散余弦变换系数对应的时域信号中语音信号出现的可能性大小,然后根据某个阈值计算是否在估计噪声信号绝对值的均方差时保留该系数。实验结果表明在含噪语音信号的信噪比高于10dB时,新算法较传统的基于离散余弦变换的算法具有较好的性能。     

一种DWT与DCT相结合的音频数字水印技术

提出了一种将离散小波变化与离散余弦变换相结合的音频数字水印技术。利用离散小波变换的多分辨率特性和离散余弦变换的能量压缩能力,通过修改变换域的低中频系数,把降维后的二值图像嵌入到原始数字音频信号中。该算法可同时应用两种变换,而且嵌入和提取水印的方法简单。实验结果表明该算法水印不易破坏,对数字音频信号的低通滤波、叠加噪声等攻击均具有很好的隐蔽性和稳健性。     

利用抗噪幂归一化倒谱系数的鸟类声音识别

 针对真实环境中各种背景噪声下的鸟类声音识别问题,提出了一种基于新型抗噪特征提取的鸟类声音识别技术.首先,根据适用于高度非平稳环境下的噪声估计算法求出噪声功率谱.其次,使用多频带谱减法对声音功率谱进行降噪处理.接着,结合降噪的声音功率谱提取抗噪幂归一化倒谱系数(APNCC).最后,采用支持向量机(SVM)分别对提取的APNCC,幂归一化倒谱系数(PNCC)和Mel频率倒谱系数(MFCC)对34种鸟类声音进行不同环境和信噪比情况下的对比实验.实验表明,提取的APNCC具有较好的平均识别效果及较强的噪声鲁棒性,更适用于信噪比低于30dB环境下的鸟类声音识别.     

基于HHT和OSF的复杂环境语音端点检测

希尔伯特-黄变换是一种全数据驱动的自适应非平稳信号时频分析方法,但是在强噪声环境下语音信号的希尔伯特能量谱曲线波动较大,对语音端点检测造成很大的影响,该文提出了一种基于希尔伯特-黄变换和顺序统计滤波的检测方法。该方法将含噪语音信号进行经验模态分解,通过对固有模态函数进行自适应权重选取获得信号的希尔伯特能量谱,利用顺序统计滤波器对每帧的能量谱进行平滑处理作为语音/非语音的鉴别特征。实验结果表明,该方法适用于复杂噪声环境的端点检测,在低信噪比情况下仍然能够有效地检测出语音信号,降低信号误检率。     

基于纹理特征的H.264/AVC顽健视频水印算法

在分析现有视频水印算法的基础上,结合H.264压缩编码标准的特性,提出了一种新的基于纹理特征的视频顽健水印算法。算法先对当前帧4×4块进行整数离散余弦变换,判断其是否是纹理块,再采用能量差的方式自适应选择系数嵌入水印。实验结果表明,该算法对视频质量和码率的影响较小,并且能有效抵抗高斯噪声、低通滤波、重编码等常见的视频水印攻击。     

基于循环谱能量的自适应频谱检测算法

根据信号循环平稳谱的特征,研究在低信噪比环境下的频谱检测问题,提出一种基于循环谱能量的自适应判决门限频谱检测算法。该算法融合能量检测与循环平稳特征检测的机理,以信号的循环谱能量为检测统计量,加权合并虚警率与检测率,准确估计循环谱特征值,构建了具有噪声自适应能力的频谱检测判决门限。仿真结果表明,该算法可以在低信噪比环境下有效地完成频谱检测,克服了噪声波动对频谱检测性能的影响,对不同调制主信号的感知具有稳健性。与最大—最小特征值算法和盲检测算法相比,该算法分别改善了信噪比4dB和8dB。     

Joint image splicing detection in DCT and Contourlet transform domain

Splicing is a fundamental and popular image forgery method and image splicing detection is urgently called for digital image forensics recently. In this paper, a Markov based approach is proposed to detect image splicing. The paper applies the Markov model in the block discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain and the Contourlet transform domain. First, the original Markov features of the inter-block between block DCT coefficients are improved by considering the different frequency ranges of each block DCT coefficients. Then, additional features are extracted in Contourlet transform domain to characterize the dependency of positions among Contourlet subband coefficients. And these features are extracted from single color channel for gray image while extracted from three color channels for color image. Finally, Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are exploited to classify the authentic and spliced images for the gray image dataset while ensemble classifier to the color image dataset. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed detection scheme outperforms some state-of-the-art methods when applied to Columbia Image Splicing Detection Evaluation Dataset (DVMM), and ranks fourth in phase 1 on the Live Ranking of the first Image Forensics Challenge.     

多层离散小波变换系数的稀疏向量构造的改进

融合离散小波变换和压缩感知的图像压缩方案很好避免了采用离散余弦变换和压缩感知时所带来的块效应,但当前基于单层离散小波变换的算法压缩比较低,基于多层离散小波变换的算法重构质量不佳。为了解决这些不足,根据离散小波变换系数的特点,对现有基于多层离散小波变换的算法提出了改进。图像经小波变换后,保留图像最高层低频系数,高频系数的构造方式给予适当改进。实验结果表明,与现有算法相比,重构图像的PSNR值得到2～4 dB提高。     

Passive detection of image forgery using DCT and local binary pattern

With the development of easy-to-use and sophisticated image editing software, the alteration of the contents of digital images has become very easy to do and hard to detect. A digital image is a very rich source of information and can capture any event perfectly, but because of this reason, its authenticity is questionable. In this paper, a novel passive image forgery detection method is proposed based on local binary pattern (LBP) and discrete cosine transform (DCT) to detect copy–move and splicing forgeries. First, from the chrominance component of the input image, discriminative localized features are extracted by applying 2D DCT in LBP space. Then, support vector machine is used for detection. Experiments carried out on three image forgery benchmark datasets demonstrate the superiority of the method over recent methods in terms of detection accuracy.     

Statistical distributions of DCT coefficients and their application to an interframe compression algorithm for 3-D medical images

Displacement estimated interframe (DEI) coding, a coding scheme for 3-D medical image data sets such as X-ray computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) images, is presented. To take advantage of the correlation between contiguous slices, a displacement-compensated difference image based on the previous image is encoded. The best fitting distribution functions for the discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients obtained from displacement compensated difference images are determined and used in allocating bits and optimizing quantizers for the coefficients. The DEI scheme is compared with 2-D block discrete cosine transform (DCT) as well as a full-frame DCT using the bit allocation technique of S. Lo and H.K. Huang (1985). For X-ray CT head images, the present bit allocation and quantizer design, using an appropriate distribution model, resulted in a 13-dB improvement in the SNR compared to the full-frame DCT using the bit allocation technique. For an image set with 5-mm slice thickness, the DEI method gave about 5% improvement in the compression ratio on average and less blockiness at the same distortion. The performance gain increases to about 10% when the slice thickness decreases to 3 mm.     

Detection of landmines and underground utilities from acoustic and GPR images with a cepstral approach

This paper introduces a cepstral approach for the automatic detection of landmines and underground utilities from acoustic and ground penetrating radar (GPR) images. This approach is based on treating the problem as a pattern recognition problem. Cepstral features are extracted from a group of images, which are transformed first to 1-D signals by lexicographic ordering. Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) and polynomial shape coefficients are extracted from these 1-D signals to form a database of features, which can be used to train a neural network with these features. The target detection can be performed by extracting features from any new image with the same method used in the training phase. These features are tested with the neural network to decide whether a target exists or not. The different domains are tested and compared for efficient feature extraction from the lexicographically ordered 1-D signals. Experimental results show the success of the proposed cepstral approach for landmine detection from both acoustic and GPR images at low as well as high signal to noise ratios (SNRs). Results also show that the discrete cosine transform (DCT) is the most appropriate domain for feature extraction.     

基于部分标记数据进行人脸图像特征提取

针对无监督特征提取的识别率低与监督特征提取需要大量标记的问题,提出一种基于部分标记数据的半监督判别分析(SSDPA)特征提取法。本文方法能实现图像数据降维,避免线性判别分析(LDA)存在的小样本问题,达到提高识别率的目的。算法对图像进行离散余弦变换(DCT)变换;根据DCT图像的频率分布,利用部分标记数据计算SSDP;优先搜索SSDP高的DCT图像信息。将本文方法与其它方法进行组合,在不同人脸数据库上进行了实验。实验证明了本文方法的有效性,用较低的代价获得了优于传统方法的识别率。     

Novel Efficient De-blocking Method for Highly Compressed Images

Due to coarse quantization, block-based discrete cosine transform（BDCT） compression methods usually suffer from visible blocking artifacts at the block boundaries. A novel efficient deblocking method in DCT domain is proposed. A specific criterion for edge detection is given, one-dimensional DCT is applied on each row of the adjacent blocks and the shifted block in smooth region, and the transform coefficients of the shifted block are modified by weighting the average of three coefficients of the block. Mean square difference of slope criterion is used to judge the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. Simulation results show that the new method not only obtains satisfactory image quality, but also maintains high frequency information.     

基于最优小波包变换和离散余弦变换的灰度图像水印算法

本文提出了一种基于最优小波包变换和离散余弦变换的灰度图像水印算法,利用Arnold变换和Baker映射对水印图像进行置乱,并将置乱结果进行分块,对宿主图像进行最优小波包分解,然后修改低频子带系数来嵌入水印信息.嵌入前,利用离散余弦变换去除低频子带相邻系数的相关性后嵌入经过同样处理的置乱水印子块.实验表明该算法在抵抗噪声、滤波、旋转剪切等攻击下有比较好的鲁棒性.     

Content Authentication Based on JPEG-to-JPEG Watermarking

A content authentication technique based on JPEG-to-JPEG watermarking is proposed in this paper. In this technique, each 8x8 block in a JPEG compressed image is first processed by entropy decoding, and then the quantized discrete cosine transform （DCT） is applied to generate DCT coefficients： one DC coefficient and 63 AC coefficients in frequency coefficients. The DCT AC coefficients are used to form zero planes in which the watermark is embedded by a chaotic map. In this way, the watermark information is embedded into JPEG compressed domain, and the output watermarked image is still a JPEG format. The proposed method is especially applicable to content authentication of JPEG image since the quantized coefficients are modified for embedding the watermark and the chaotic system possesses an important property with the high sensitivity on initial values. Experimental results show that the tamper regions are localized accurately when the watermarked JPEG image is maliciously tampered.