Proactive load balancing with admission control for heterogeneous overlay networks

The next generation wireless networks will be the coexistence of heterogeneous wireless technologies. Balancing the traffic load among different networks can effectively utilize the overall radio resources in the system. In this paper, we propose an efficient load balancing scheme for the heterogeneous overlay systems, which is applied in the call admission control process. If the available network(s) cannot provide enough resource for the request call without degrading the quality‐of‐service (QoS) obtained by the ongoing calls, the system will perform load balancing operations first by initiating vertical handoffs among networks in order to create more rooms for the request call. The load balancing algorithm is to minimize the variance between the network utilizations of the entire system, which can be formulated as a quadratic binary programming problem. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can admit more calls into the system compared with the other three reference schemes and then improve the overall throughput. Meanwhile, the scheme can keep the networks working in effective states and provide a better QoS support for users. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An enhanced radio resource management based MIH policies in heterogeneous wireless networks

The require of omnipresent wireless access and high data rate services are expected to increase extensively in the near future. In this context, heterogeneous networks, which are a mixture of different wireless technologies (LTE-advanced, LTE-advanced Pro, C-IoT (Cellular Internet of Thing), 5G WiFi, etc) are invited to enable important capabilities, such as high data rates, low latencies and efficient resource utilization in order to provide dedicated capacity to offices, homes, and urban hotspots. Mixing these technologies in the same system, with their complementary characteristics, to afford a complete coverage to users can cause various challenges such as seamless handover, resource management and call admission control. This article proposes a general radio resource management framework which can be supported by future network architectures. A combined call admission control, resource reservation algorithm and bandwidth adaptation based IEEE 802.21 MIH standard approach for heterogeneous wireless network is detailed in this framework. Our aims are to guarantee quality of service (QoS) requirements of all accepted calls, reduce new call blocking probability and handover call dropping probability, and maintain efficient resource utilization. Performance analysis shows that our proposed approach best guarantees QoS requirements.     

Improving Voice and Data Services in Cellular/WLAN Integrated Networks by Admission Control

In this paper, we study voice and data service provisioning in an integrated system of cellular and wireless local area networks (WLANs). With the ubiquitous coverage of the cellular network and the disjoint deployment of WLANs in hot-spot areas, the integrated system has a two-tier overlaying structure. As an essential resource allocation aspect, admission control can be used to properly admit voice and data calls to the overlaying cells and WLANs. A simple admission scheme is proposed in this study to analyze the dependence of resource utilization and the impact of user mobility and traffic characteristics on admission parameters. Both admission control and rate control are considered to limit the input traffic to the WLAN, so that the WLAN operates in its most efficient states and effectively complements the cellular network. The call blocking/dropping probabilities and data call throughput are evaluated for effective and accurate derivation of the admission parameters. It is observed that the utilization varies with the configuration of admission parameters, which properly distributes the voice and data traffic load to the cells and WLANs. Mobility and traffic variability have a significant impact on the selection of the admission parameters.     

QoS-driven adaptive congestion control for voice over IP in multiservice wireless cellular networks

This work establishes a QoS-driven adaptive congestion control framework that provides QoS guarantees to VoIP service flows in mixed traffic scenarios for wireless cellular networks. The framework is composed of three radio resource management algorithms: admission control, packet scheduling, and load control. The proposed framework is scalable to several services and can be applied in any current or future packet-switched wireless system. By means of dynamic system-level simulations carried out in a specific case study where VoIP and Web service flows compete for shared access in an HSDPA wireless network, the proposed framework is able to increase the overall system capacity twofold depending on the traffic mix, while keeping the system operating optimally in its target QoS profile.     

基于静态流感知的接纳控制研究

维持链路正常负载是业务流性能指标保证的关键,接纳控制是链路负载有效控制方式。相对链路容量有固定业务区分速率界值的静态流感知接纳控制,应用与流拥塞状态相关的判决概率实现业务接入区分。同时,利用优先公平调度机制的隐性测量功能测量链路优先队列队长和链路公平速率值,共同对下游链路流承载状态进行评价,并作为接纳控制进行判决的依据。仿真显示,相对基于测量的接纳控制算法具有更好的链路状态自适应性和较高的链路资源效率。     

An integrated adaptive bandwidth-management framework for QoS-sensitive multimedia cellular networks

Bandwidth is an extremely valuable and scarce resource in a wireless network. Therefore, efficient bandwidth management is necessary in order to provide high-quality service to users in a multimedia wireless/mobile network. In this paper, we propose new online bandwidth-management algorithms for bandwidth reservation, call admission, bandwidth migration, and call-preemption strategies. These techniques are combined in an integrated framework that is able to balance the traffic load among cells accommodating heterogeneous multimedia services while ensuring efficient bandwidth utilization. In addition, our online framework to adaptively control bandwidth is a cell-oriented approach that has low complexity, which makes it practical for real cellular networks. Simulation results indicate the superior performance of our bandwidth-management framework to strike the appropriate performance balance between contradictory quality-of-service requirements.     

一种软件定义无线网络负载均衡架构及算法

软件定义网络( SDN)为实现异构无线网络中的负载均衡提供了新的思路。设计了一种软件定义的无线网络负载均衡架构,并提出对应算法。首先,根据接收信号强度构建候选网络列表;其次,根据各候选网络的可用负载比率标准差进行负载差异分级;再次,将服务质量匹配度函数和负载均衡指数线性组合成联合优化函数,并根据负载差异分级对联合优化的权重进行动态调整,合理设置门限进行接纳控制。与传统算法相比,所提算法一方面可使各类业务阻塞率明显降低大约20%,另一方面使不同网络的归一化负载更加接近。该算法在进行网络负载均衡的同时,能够有效降低业务阻塞率,从而有效提升异构无线网络的整体性能。     

Resource management for QoS support in cellular/WLAN interworking

To provide mobile users with seamless Internet access anywhere and anytime/ there is a strong demand for interworking mechanisms between cellular networks and wireless local area networks in the next-generation all-IP wireless networks. In this article we focus on resource management and call admission control for QoS support in cellular/WLAN interworking. In specific, a DiffServ interworking architecture with loose coupling is presented. Resource allocation in the interworking environment is investigated/ taking into account the network characteristics, vertical handoff, user mobility, and service types. An effective call admission control strategy with service differentiation is proposed for QoS provisioning and efficient resource utilization. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed call admission control scheme.     

Admission control on multipath routing in 802.11-based wireless mesh networks

Admission control (AC) is a mechanism for meeting bandwidth requirements of data transmissions. Early research on admission control for wireless mesh networks (WMNs) was centered around single-path routing. Compared to single-path routing, parallel multipath routing may offer more reliable network services and better load balancing. Applying admission control to multipath routing could further improve service quality, but it also faces a number of challenges. For example, transmission on one path may affect transmission on a neighboring path. Addressing these challenges, this paper presents an AC algorithm on parallel multipath routing for WMNs. In particular, we formulate an optimization problem for achieving the best service based on available bandwidth and bandwidth consumption of to-be-admitted data sessions. While solving this problem is a complex task, we devise an optimal algorithm for selecting two node-disjoint paths with rate allocation, and propose a distributed multipath routing and admission control protocol to achieve a near-optimal solution. Simulations show that MRAC is efficient and effective in meeting bandwidth requirements.     

移动多媒体网络中呼叫接纳控制算法的研究综述

呼叫接纳控制是多媒体移动通信网络中无线资源管理的重要部分,它的有效性直接关系到用户服务质量是否能够得到保证,并且决定了系统资源的利用效率。在仿真实验数据分析的基础上通过对目前已有的呼叫接纳控制方面的研究成果进行了归纳、总结,以期得出适合于无线移动多媒体网络的呼叫接纳控制算法。     

Load balancing for cellular/WLAN integrated networks

The interworking between heterogeneous third-generation cellular networks and wireless local area networks is one promising evolution approach to fourth-generation wireless networks, which can exploit the complementary advantages of the cellular network and WLANs. Resource management for the 4G-oriented cellular/WLAN integrated network is an important open issue that deserves more research efforts. In this article we present a policy framework for resource management in a loosely coupled cellular/WLAN integrated network, where load balancing policies are designed to efficiently utilize the pooled resources of the network. A two-phase control strategy is adopted in the load balancing policies, in which call assignment is used to provide a statistical quality of service guarantee during the admission phase, and dynamic vertical handoff during the traffic service phase is used to minimize the performance variations. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate that the proposed load balancing solution achieves significant performance improvement over two other reference schemes     

User mobility profile prediction: An adaptive fuzzy inference approach

Predicting the probabilities that a mobile user will be active in other cells at future moments poses a significant technical challenge to network resource management in multimedia wireless communications. The probability information can be used to assist base stations to maintain a balance between guaranteeing quality of service (QoS) to mobile users and achieving maximum resource utilization. This paper proposes a novel adaptive fuzzy logic inference system to estimate and predict the probability information for direct sequence code division multiple access (DS/CDMA) wireless communications networks. The estimation is based on measured pilot signal strengths at the mobile user from a number of nearby base stations, and the prediction is obtained using the recursive least square (RLS) algorithm. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed technique under various path loss and channel shadowing conditions. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

时分波分无源光网络与云无线接入网联合架构中负载平衡的用户关联与资源分配策略

在时分波分无源光网络(TWDM-PON)与云无线接入网(C-RAN)的联合架构中,由于无线域的负载不均衡问题,限制了网络整体的传输效率。为了充分利用TWDM-PON与C-RAN联合架构的网络资源,并保证用户的服务质量(QoS),该文提出一种负载平衡的用户关联与资源分配算法(LBUARA)。首先根据不同用户的服务质量需求以及分布式无线射频头端(RRH)的负载对用户的影响,构建用户收益函数。进而,在保证用户服务质量的前提下,根据网络状态建立随机博弈模型,并基于多智能体Q学习提出负载均衡的用户关联和资源分配算法,从而获得最优的用户关联与资源分配方案。仿真结果表明,所提的用户关联和资源分配策略能够实现网络的负载均衡,保证用户的服务质量,并提高网络吞吐量。     

异构无线网络中基于业务转移和接入控制的混合负载均衡

 针对现有异构无线网络负载均衡方法未能综合考虑重载网络业务转移和新业务接入控制的问题,提出了一种混合负载均衡算法.该算法首先根据各小区负载水平和终端移动性,将重载小区的适量业务向重叠覆盖的轻载小区转移;其次通过资源预留和强占优先的接入控制策略,为不同优先级的新到业务提供有差别的服务.仿真结果表明,本文算法在保证系统资源利用率的同时,保障了实时与非实时业务的QoS,并相对于参考算法有效降低了系统阻塞率和业务切换概率.     

Predictive QoS-based admission control for multiclass traffic incellular wireless networks

We develop the notion of quality of service (QoS) for multimedia traffic in terms of maximum call dropping probabilities independent of system load and a predefined call blocking probability profile for the different traffic classes for wireless networks of arbitrary shape and dimension. We describe two distributed predictive admission control algorithms, independent multiclass one-step prediction (IMOSP-CS and IMOSP-RES), which provide each traffic class with a given call dropping probability and a desired call blocking probability profile. Both algorithms may be seen as extensions of the multimedia one-step prediction (MMOSPRED) algorithm previously reported, which uses prediction of the overload probability in the home and neighbor cells in deciding whether to admit new users into a multiclass cellular system. The two algorithms differ in their approach to handoff call admission. The first algorithm completely shares the bandwidth among the entering handoff users while the second implements a partition-based reservation scheme. In this paper, we additionally impose a call blocking criterion that ensures a system-imposed call priority independent of the traffic in the system and which adapts to changes in the offered load. In comparing these algorithms to each other, we focus on system throughput and class independence. Both algorithms provide appropriate throughput under both homogeneous and heterogeneous traffic loading conditions while maintaining steady call dropping probabilities for each traffic class     

异构无线网络业务接入多目标优化控制算法

提出了一种应用于异构无线网络环境的基于多目标优化的业务接入控制算法.该算法以业务占用总资源最少、业务阻塞率最低和网络间负载最均衡为目标建立了多目标优化控制模型,采用高斯和戒上型组合隶属函数将多目标问题模糊化,利用最大化满意度指标法将多目标问题转化为单目标问题,并通过遗传算法求得最优解.仿真结果表明,所提算法能在兼顾各网络资源高效利用的同时,保证业务接入的可靠性,并相对于参考算法有效降低了业务阻塞率.     

基于优先级的IEEE802.16系统接纳控制算法研究

鉴于IEEE802.16标准中未对接纳控制机制提出定义,为了提高系统带宽利用率,在分析现有无线网络接纳控制技术的基础上,结合IEEE802.16的具体机制提出了一种基于业务优先级的接纳控制算法。相比于先到先服务的接纳机制,该算法严格区分业务优先级,为不同优先级业务预留带宽,以保证实时业务的服务质量(QoS)要求。利用NS2网络模拟软件对算法进行了仿真和性能评估。结果表明,本接纳控制算法可以较好地保障高优先级业务的实时性,同时在重负载情况下系统带宽利用率有了明显提高。     

DiffServ resource allocation for fast handoff in wireless mobileInternet

The next-generation wireless networks are evolving toward a versatile IP-based network that can provide various real-time multimedia services to mobile users. Two major challenges in establishing such a wireless mobile Internet are support of fast handoff and provision of quality of service (QoS) over IP-based wireless access networks. In this article, a DiffServ resource allocation architecture is proposed for the evolving wireless mobile Internet. The registration-domain-based scheme supports fast handoff by significantly reducing mobility management signaling. The registration domain is integrated with the DiffServ mechanism and provisions QoS guarantee for each service class by domain-based admission control. Furthermore, an adaptive assured service is presented for the stream class of traffic, where resource allocation is adjusted according to the network condition in order to minimize handoff call dropping and new call blocking probabilities     

基于强化学习的异构无线网络资源管理算法

为了充分利用各种无线网络的资源,需要实现异构网络的融合,而异构网络的融合又面临接入控制与资源分配的问题。为此,提出一种基于强化学习的异构无线网络资源管理算法,该算法引入 D2D （device-to-device）通信模式,并可以根据终端不同的业务类型、终端移动性及网络负载条件等状态,选择合适的网络接入方式。同时,为降低存储需求,采用神经网络技术解决连续状态空间问题。仿真结果表明,该算法具有高效的在线学习能力,能够有效地提升网络的频谱效用,降低阻塞率,从而实现自主的无线资源管理。     

可重配置系统中的联合负载控制及其终端选择算法

该文基于现有端到端可重配置系统架构,提出了一种改进的动态门限联合负载控制方法,以适应不同负载条件下对负载均衡的要求,达到资源的有效利用。同时,结合终端的可重配置特点及业务要求的多样性,在执行网络发起的垂直切换过程中采用了基于层次分析法的终端选择算法,从而在均衡异构网络负载的同时减少系统开销和对用户的影响。仿真结果表明,该方法能够在保证用户满意度的同时有效地减轻重叠覆盖区域的网络拥塞,提高系统性能。