用Simulink对仪表着陆系统航向信标建模与仿真

根据现役仪表着陆系统的工作原理建立系统的地面信标、航向信标天线的数学模型,利用Matlab软件动态仿真工具Simulink实现了理想信道环境下仪表着陆系统地面航向信标分系统的仿真.为飞行检验仿真的后期研究工作提供较有价值的参考.     

仪表着陆系统辐射场型的场地影响分析

基于电磁场的基本原理及其坐标变换,介绍了仪表着陆系(Instrument Landing system,简称ILs)场地影响的一种分析方法。结合马克-Ⅱ型ILS,计算了场地影响时ILS天线阵的辐射场型,并与理想条件下,天线阵的辐射场型进行了比较与分析。该分析方法对于ILS运行检证及飞行检验具有重要意义。     

机场飞机等待及停放位置对仪表着陆系统信号的干扰研究

本文主要讨论了机场等待起飞的飞机作为反射障碍物及电磁干扰源都对仪表着陆系统航向台、下滑台的信号产生了严重影响的原因,并提出了避免干扰的解决方法。     

仪表着陆系统航向信标调制度差的仿真分析

根据仪表着陆系统航向信标工作原理,建立了相应的数学模型,利用MATLAB工具实现了理想信道时仪表着陆系统航向信标的仿真。仿真结果给出了航向道偏差时接收到的信号波形以及调制度差,分析了标准航向道时干扰信号给调制度差带来的影响。     

M型下滑天线监测控制单元(MCU)原理及故障检修

仪表着陆系统是国际民航组织批准使用的精密进近系统，由航向设备、下滑设备及指点标或测距仪设备组成，其中下滑设备天线类型可根据场地情况选择零基准型、边带基准型和 M 型天线。本文在此分析了 NM7000B 型仪表着陆系统 M 型下滑天线 MCU 工作原理，介绍重庆江北国际机场 20L 下滑台 MCU 故障分析处置过程，为其他机场类似设备故障维修提供借鉴。     

电视发射台分米波天线的改造

四偶极子阵列天线是分米波常用的电视发射天线,但大截面塔桅不能满足单一极化(水平或垂直)分米波四偶极子阵列天线的安装条件.为了解决这一难题,在大截面塔桅安装分米波四偶极子阵列天线时,阵列天线单元采用±45°斜极化,并采用电气下倾技术与零点填充技术,使天线系统具有良好的水平面辐射场形和垂直面辐射场形,在水平面和垂直方向都有良好的信号强度,能同时满足移动和固定接收.     

分米波仪表着陆接收机中频数字化设计

传统的分米波仪表着陆系统采用的是模拟信号体制,这使得系统接收机具有器件使用效率低、灵活性差和可扩展能力差等缺点,为此,一种中频数字化与FPGA信号处理相结合的分米波仪表着陆系统接收机被提出了。该数字化接收机主要由软件控制,通过对FPGA编程来进行数字信号处理,以实现其着陆引导功能。在克服了灵活性差、器件使用效率低等缺点的同时提高了系统的集成度,减少了负重,使之更加适于机载。     

保护区内地形对ILS下滑信标辐射场的影响

仪表着陆系统（instrument landing system,ILS）的下滑信标（glide slope,GS）辐射场由GS天线及其对称于地面的镜像天线辐射场形成,辐射场性能受GS天线附近场地影响很大。在GS保护区内,影响其辐射场性能的关键因素主要包括杂草高度、横向坡度以及地形凹凸高度,国内外相应标准对这些因素均给出了严格规定,但没有提供相应理论说明。基于阵列天线理论,在理想情况下建立M型GS辐射场及调制度差（difference in depth of modulation,DDM）的数学模型,然后分别建立在杂草、横向坡度和地形凹凸影响下这种信标的DDM计算模型,仿真分析了在这三个因素影响之下GS辐射场的性能,并与法国民航大学开发的专业软件LAGON的仿真结果进行比对。结果表明,建模仿真的结果与相应标准的规定,以及LAGON的仿真结果具有良好的吻合度,证明所给理论方法及所建算法模型的正确性。研究成果可为ILS相应标准的自主更新或制定,以及具有自主知识产权的ILS性能评估软件的开发提供相应理论支持。      

仪表着陆系统航向信标的分析与研究

根据仪表着陆系统中航向信标的工作原理,建立航向信标的数学模型,利用仿真工具Matlab实现航向信标的建模与仿真,分析航向信标辐射的信号波形.仿真结果显示航向信标模型符合理论要求,为仪表着陆系统的性能评估与运行堆护提供有价值的理论依据,同时为后续对航向信标的进一步研究提供参考.     

基于软件无线电原理ILS信号解调与仿真

本文首先简要介绍了仪表着陆系统的原理,然后应用软件无线电理论对仪表着陆航向引导信号解调作了较详细的分析,并根据理论分析进行了MATLAB系统仿真。     

Pattern synthesis of array antennas with additional isolation ofnear field arbitrary objects

A new technique for synthesising array antennas in the presence of arbitrary obstacles in the near field region is presented. This technique allows a prescribed far field pattern to be synthesised, while trying to avoid coupling with near field obstacles through the constraint of minimising the radiated power over the obstacle surface. Some results have been obtained showing that the obstacles are finally isolated from the array antenna radiation     

On the use of antenna weight functions in field strength prediction and interference reduction

In this paper two methods for calculating the received electromagnetic field by a single-parabolic reflector antenna in the shadow region behind a finite-width screen are proposed and analysed. The first one is referred to as the far-field approach and treats the obstacle and reflector antenna diffraction separately. The antenna simply is replaced by a point source having the receiving properties of the reflector antenna considered. The second method is called the near-field approach and considers the combined effect of obstacle and antenna diffraction. It is shown that considerable differences between the results of both methods may exist, even for an obstacle-antenna separation large compared to the Rayleigh distance of the antenna, and both for a CW and broadband analysis of the communications channel. It is concluded that the near-field method gives the best results and can be applied to many practical problems such as interference reduction and searching the optimal position of VSATs in urban environments.     

天线远场调试测量方法

天线研制、生产过程中,天线调试是一项重要工作。本文将天线测试和调试进行了一体化研究。详细研究了天线测试系统、测试环境、天线调测方法等,给出了具体的天线远场调测系统,并经试验验证了所研究的天线远场调测方法的合理性与可行性。     

天线副瓣对机载脉冲多普勒雷达地杂波影响的分析

用计算机仿真和实验测试数据分析了天线副瓣对机载脉冲多普勒雷达地杂波的影响。分析结果表明天线远区副瓣对雷达地杂波的影响较大 ,因此在雷达系统设计中要设法减小天线远区副瓣     

表面纹理对反射面天线电性能的影响

反射面天线面板的加工质量包括加工精度和表面质量,两者都会影响天线的电性能。论文针对研究较少的表面加工质量,利用分形函数建立表面纹理的数学模型,并通过相位差将微观表面纹理引入天线的远场方向图计算公式,利用三角形单元的Gauss积分公式数值求解。通过仿真,分析了不同的表面纹理幅度、密度和粗糙程度对天线远场方向图的影响。研究发现:表面纹理的幅度越大,对方向图的影响越大;密度越大、越粗糙,影响越小。而且,幅度的影响最大,密度其次,粗糙程度影响最小。仿真的结果与模型定性分析的结论符合。所提出的模型和方法为研究面板表面加工质量对反射面天线电性能的影响提供了新的思路,得出的结论也可供工程实践参考。     

On the near-zone inverse Doppler effect

Attention is invited to the recently discovered inverse Doppler effect which occurs in the near-zone field of an antenna emitting a continuous wave. On approaching the antenna, the received signal is blue-shifted in the far zone and then red-shifted in the near zone; and on receding from the antenna, the received signal is blue-shifted in the near zone and then red-shifted in the far zone. Calculations are presented for the ease where the antenna is a simple dipole. It is shown that this effect gives not only the vector velocity of the moving receiver but also its range, i.e., its distance from the antenna.     

Radiation of a travelling-wave antenna in plasma in the whistler frequency band

The far field, the radiation pattern, and the radiation impedance of a traveling-wave antenna oriented in plasma along the external magnetic field in the resonance region of the whistler frequency band are studied. It is shown how the main characteristics of the antenna depend on its length and the current propagation constant along the antenna wire.     

The effect of discrete scatterers on a low sidelobe antenna

The effect of randomly distributed scatterers placed in the far field of an antenna is explored. A technique for predicting the effects of specular scatterers on antenna performance has been developed. Laboratory testing of a low sidelobe antenna indicated an acceptable low sidelobe level. However, when the antenna was field tested, it exhibited average radiated power levels off the main beam that were significantly greater than those anticipated. In an effort to determine the cause of this increase, a computer model of an antenna in a field site has been developed, which includes the calculation of the total scattered power of the antenna main beam and sidelobes from specular reflectors distributed over the far field of the antenna.     

考虑互耦的阵列天线辐射近场近似计算方法

针对大规模阵列天线辐射近场电磁兼容性问题,基于有源单元方向图原理和子阵信息的综合方法计算了大规模阵列天线辐射近场场强的分布。该方法采用等效技术获取大规模阵列天线的端口特性,进一步结合天线单元的远场数据综合分析得到大规模阵列天线的近场分布;计算结果表明,在满足天线单元辐射远场条件下,该方法能够准确计算出大规模阵列天线的辐射近场分布。相较于全波分析,本方法在保证精度的同时,提高了计算效率,并且具有良好的灵活性。通过全波分析的数值算例验证了该方法的正确性。