电磁感应/谐振无线输能的场-路混合仿真

针对电磁感应/谐振无线能量传输系统的效率计算,研究(电磁)场-(电)路混合仿真。将电磁感应/谐振无线能量传输系统划分为2部分:线圈耦合单元与电路单元。采用Comsol软件对线圈单元进行电磁仿真计算,得到线圈电感值及线圈间的耦合系数,将电感值及耦合系数带入Multisim软件进行电路仿真,得到系统总效率。混合仿真中电路单元不仅包括放大电路,还包括耦合线圈的等效电路模型,以此将耦合线圈和放大电路相互影响和匹配纳入仿真中。为检验场-路混合仿真准确度,设计和测试一套四线圈磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输系统,其谐振频率为4.78 MHz、无线传能距离为40 cm。混合仿真得到该系统效率为98.8%,与测试得到系统效率96.9%吻合良好。     

上海交通大学电子技术专业自学考试试题及题解

试题名称:电路理论基础一、列写电路方程 1.图1所示的电阻电路中参考节点及其它各节点电位已设定.试用节点电位法列写求解电路节点电位足够的方程式.(10分) 2.图2所示的正弦稳态电路.若各激励源的角频率均为ω,网孔电流已设定.试用网孔电流法列写求解该电路网孔电流足够的方程式.(10分)     

屏蔽腔内任意高度线缆端接TVS管电路的电磁耦合时域分析

该文基于时域有限差分(FDTD)方法和传输线方程,结合插值技术和牛顿迭代法,提出一种新的时域混合算法,能够快速模拟屏蔽腔内任意高度线缆端接瞬态电压抑制(TVS)管电路的电磁耦合问题,并实现空间电磁场与线缆和电路瞬态响应的同步计算。该算法首先利用FDTD方法结合STL网格剖分技术实现屏蔽腔结构的快速建模以及腔体内空间电磁场分布的准确模拟。然后利用传输线方程结合插值技术建立腔体内线缆的场线耦合模型,结合FDTD方法,迭代求解出线缆上的电压和电流响应。对于线缆端接的TVS管电路,列写电压电流方程,采用牛顿迭代法计算得到电路端口的电压响应。通过与电磁仿真软件的计算结果进行对比,验证了所提时域混合算法的正确性。研究表明,该算法能够很好地应用于屏蔽腔内线缆端接负载的TVS管限幅防护设计。     

适用于电磁混合源散射求解的新型积分方程数值方法

含腔导电目标电磁散射的混合场积分方程求解方法中,将出现电场积分方程算子和磁场积分方程算子同时作用于待求混合源的复杂情况,使计算复杂度大为提高.本文导出"均衡混合场积分方程"及其数值方法,使作用于电流和磁流的积分算子完全相同,大大简化了计算.均衡混合场积分方程与多层快速多极子方法(MLFMA)结合使用,可以方便地求解含腔导体目标的电磁散射.本文给出的数值实例充分证明了这一方法的高精度和高效率.     

端接复杂电路传输线网络的电磁耦合时域并行计算方法

针对端接复杂电路传输线(TL)网络的电磁耦合问题,仍缺乏高效的场路协同仿真技术。该文将传输线方程与时域有限差分(FDTD)方法、诺顿定理和置换定理以及NGSPICE软件相结合,并引入消息传递接口(MPI)并行技术,提出一种高效的时域混合并行算法(FDTDTL-NGSPICE)。首先,根据诺顿定理和置换定理,将传输线网络分解为传输线子系统和复杂电路子系统,并构建对应的等效电路模型。然后,使用FDTDTL并行算法计算传输线子系统沿线各点的电压和电流,并获取对应诺顿等效电路的电流源和等效导纳大小。最后,使用NGSPICE对复杂电路子系统进行传导干扰分析,获得复杂电路各元件上的瞬态响应,并将端口电压反馈给传输线子系统作为边界,实现传输线网络电磁耦合的场线路联合协同仿真。通过对3类典型场景的计算实例,分别使用时域混合并行算法和电磁仿真软件CST电缆工作室(CS)进行数值模拟并对比,验证所提算法的置信度。     

传输线端接复杂电路的电磁耦合时域分析方法

该文基于时域有限差分(FDTD)方法和传输线方程,结合Ngspice软件,提出一种高效的时域混合算法,能够快速模拟空间电磁场作用传输线端接复杂电路的电磁耦合问题.该算法的优势在于实现了空间电磁场辐射与端接复杂电路瞬态响应的协同计算,且避免了对传输线和复杂电路结构的直接建模.首先,将复杂电路通过传输线的特性阻抗进行等效,采用FDTD方法结合传输线方程,求解得到特性阻抗上的入射电流响应.然后,在每个时间步上,将该电流引入复杂电路作为激励源,联合电路模型建立网表文件.最后,使用Ngspice软件读取网表文件,并仿真得到电路各元件上的瞬态响应.通过相应计算实例的数值模拟,与电磁场仿真软件CST的计算结果以及耗用内存和时间进行对比,验证了算法的正确性和高效性.     

应用切比雪夫逼近快速求解目标宽带雷达散射截面

将切比雪夫逼近理论应用于目标宽带电磁散射特性分析中,通过求解给定频带内的切比雪夫节点和节点处的目标表面电流,实现了频带内任意频率点表面电流的快速预测,从而实现目标宽带雷达散射截面的快速计算.组合场积分方程的使用消除了内谐振问题.将计算结果与传统矩量法逐点计算的结果进行了比较,结果表明在不影响精度的前提下,该方法的计算效率大大提高.     

基于拓扑网络的屏蔽腔体内置微带线响应分析

针对外场激励下屏蔽腔体内微带线的耦合终端响应,提出一种基于电磁拓扑网络的半解析混合算法——传输线网络BLT(Baum-Liu-Tesche)方程法.首先建立孔缝、腔体及微带线的电磁拓扑模型,然后结合腔体格林函数法,求解磁流激励腔体内的电场分布,最后利用网络BLT方程求解各节点处的电压和电流,即可得到任意位置处的微带线耦合终端响应.通过与实测值、其他方法计算结果对比,验证了所提方法的有效性.计算结果表明:在腔体和孔缝的谐振频率附近,微带线响应出现了峰值;且微带线距孔缝越近,产生的耦合电压值越大;入射脉冲宽度越窄,相同位置处的微带线耦合终端电压越大.     

传输线端接复杂电路的电磁耦合时域分析方法

该文基于时域有限差分(FDTD)方法和传输线方程,结合Ngspice软件,提出一种高效的时域混合算法,能够快速模拟空间电磁场作用传输线端接复杂电路的电磁耦合问题。该算法的优势在于实现了空间电磁场辐射与端接复杂电路瞬态响应的协同计算,且避免了对传输线和复杂电路结构的直接建模。首先,将复杂电路通过传输线的特性阻抗进行等效,采用FDTD方法结合传输线方程,求解得到特性阻抗上的入射电流响应。然后,在每个时间步上,将该电流引入复杂电路作为激励源,联合电路模型建立网表文件。最后,使用Ngspice软件读取网表文件,并仿真得到电路各元件上的瞬态响应。通过相应计算实例的数值模拟,与电磁场仿真软件CST的计算结果以及耗用内存和时间进行对比,验证了算法的正确性和高效性。     

求解线性集总参数电路的变分方法

变分原理在电磁场有限元计算中已获广泛应用,本文讨论如何将该原理应用于线性集总参数电路的求解中。笔者从特勒根定理出发,导出了基于节点电压和圊路电流的功率泛函,给出了通过变分获得电路解答的方法和步骤,借助功率泛函的概念,指出了电路解答与电路系统的功率最小点或者功率驻定点相对应。数值算例验证了这一结论。本文目的是提供一个清晰的视角理解线性集总参数电路求解的物理本质。同时,集总参数电路的泛函是求解电磁场一电路耦合问题的桥梁之一。     

电磁拓扑结合积分方程求解电磁脉冲传播问题

提出一种求解电磁脉冲传播与耦合问题的方法。该方法的思路是将电磁拓扑方法与时域积分方程算法相结合,前者提供方法论,后者实现具体计算。可以提高分析效率,增大可计算目标及区域的尺度,克服复杂电子信息系统直接进行电磁计算的困难,并充分利用时域积分方程的优点。阐述了电磁拓扑理论分析和解决问题的基本思路,归纳了应用电磁拓扑解决电磁脉冲传播与耦合问题的四个主要步骤。提出了电磁拓扑与电磁计算的结合方法,并研究了时域积分方程加速方法。     

一种改进的时间步进稳定性平均方法

介绍了时域积分方程方法（TDIE）的基本原理,提出一种抑制时域电场积分方程（TDIE）时间步进（MOT）后期振荡的新平均算法,提高了MOT算法后期的稳定性。计算了高斯脉冲波照射到金属立方体时目标表面的电流响应,数值结果表明,该方法简单有效地推迟了TDIE后期震荡时间。     

Fast and Rigorous Analysis of EMC/EMI Phenomena on Electrically Large and Complex Cable-Loaded Structures

A fast and comprehensive time-domain method for analyzing electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) phenomena on complex structures that involve electrically large platforms (e.g., vehicle shells) along with cable-interconnected antennas, shielding enclosures, and printed circuit boards is proposed. To efficiently simulate field interactions with such structures, three different solvers are hybridized: (1) a time-domain integral-equation (TDIE)-based field solver that computes fields on the exterior structure comprising platforms, antennas, enclosures, boards, and cable shields (external fields); (2) a modified nodal-analysis (MNA)-based circuit solver that computes currents and voltages on lumped circuits approximating cable connectors/loads; and (3) a TDIE-based transmission line solver that computes transmission line voltages and currents at cable terminations (guided fields). These three solvers are rigorously interfaced at the cable connectors/loads and along the cable shields; the resulting coupled system of equations is solved simultaneously at each time step. Computation of the external and guided fields, which constitutes the computational bottleneck of this approach, is accelerated using fast Fourier transform-based algorithms. Further acceleration is achieved by parallelizing the computation of external fields. The resulting hybrid solver permits the analysis of electrically large and geometrically intricate structures loaded with coaxial cables. The accuracy, efficiency, and versatility of the proposed solver are demonstrated by analyzing several EMC/EMI problems including interference between a log-periodic monopole array trailing an aircraft's wing and a monopole antenna mounted on its fuselage, coupling into coaxial cables connecting shielded printed circuit boards located inside a cockpit, and coupling into coaxial cables from a cell phone antenna located inside a fuselage.     

Hybrid S-Parameters for Transmission Line Networks With Linear/Nonlinear Load Terminations Subject to Arbitrary Excitations

We propose a generalized S-parameter analysis for transmission lines (TLs) with linear/nonlinear load terminations subject to arbitrary plane-wave and port excitations. S-parameters are prevalently used to model TLs such as cable bundles and interconnects on printed circuit boards (PCBs) subject to port excitations. The conventional S-parameter approach is well suited to characterize interactions among ports. However, nontraditional port excitations associated with plane-wave coupling to physical ports at TL terminals lead to forced, as well as propagating, modal waves, necessitating a modification of the standard S-parameter characterization. In this paper, we consider external plane-wave excitations, as well as port (internal) sources, and propose a hybrid S-parameter matrix for characterization of the associated microwave network and systems. A key aspect of the approach is to treat the forced waves at the ports as constant voltage sources and induced propagating modal waves as additional entries (hybrid S-parameters) in the S-parameter matrix. The resulting hybrid S-matrix and voltage sources can be subsequently exported to any circuit solver such as HSPICE and Agilent's Advanced Design System for the analysis of combined linear and nonlinear circuit terminations at ports. The proposed method is particularly suited for susceptibility analysis of cable bundles and PCBs for electromagnetic interference evaluations. It also exploits numerical techniques for structural and circuit domain characterization and allows for circuit design optimization without a need to perform any further computational electromagnetic analysis     

基于积分方程等效电路和BLT方程的传导耦合效应仿真分析

提出了基于积分方程等效电路和Baum-Liu-Tesche(BLT)方程的电磁脉冲传导耦合效应分析方法, 建立外部电磁干扰等效源模型, 提取等效电流和阻抗参数.对内部含复杂传输线网络和集成电路插件的电子设备建立了电磁拓扑模型, 采用BLT方程分析电磁脉冲响应.仿真分析了内部传输线连接关系、外部信号线长度和半径大小、节点负载等因素对传导耦合效应的影响.将计算结果和商用电磁仿真软件CST的结果进行了对比, 分析了所提方法的有效性, 可为电子设备电磁脉冲防护设计提供参考.     

Hybrid analytical modeling method for split power bus in multilayered package

As multiple chips are being integrated into a single package with increased operating frequency, switching noise coupling on power buses has become an important design issue. To reduce the noise coupling, a split power bus structure has been generally used in package substrates having multilayered power and ground planes. Consequently, there is an increasing need for an efficient method to analyze a split power bus in a multilayered package. This paper introduces a hybrid analytical modeling method for characterizing a split power bus in a multilayered package. The proposed method uses a resonant cavity model combined with a segmentation method. Furthermore, a port assignment technique and an associated calculation method for the equivalent circuit model parameter of the split gap are proposed. The proposed port assignment technique and the analytical equation make it possible to analyze a split power bus, especially in a multilayered package. To verify the proposed method, multilayered test packages are fabricated and tested by means of frequency-domain measurements. In addition, an optimal power bus design method was successfully demonstrated for suppressing noise coupling between chips on a single package. Finally, the proposed method and optimal power bus design method was verified using a series of frequency-domain and time-domain measurements.     

Hybrid of Method of Moments and Cylindrical Eigenfunction Expansion to Study Substrate Integrated Waveguide Circuits

A hybrid method that combines method of moments (MOM) and cylindrical eigenfunction expansion is presented to study a substrate integrated waveguide circuit that consists of metallic and dielectric circular cylinders. The problem is considered as a 2-D electromagnetic problem assuming no field variation normal to the dielectric substrate. The scattered field from each circular cylinder is expanded by cylindrical eigenfunctions, and the equivalent current densities at a waveguide port are expanded using the MOM. After enforcing boundary conditions and applying the additional theorem of Bessel and Hankel functions, a set of linear equations are constructed using the orthogonality of the exponential function. With matrix manipulation and sub-ports combination, the S matrix can then be obtained. Four examples are analyzed by using the hybrid method and verified by using Ansoft Corporation's commercial High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software package. It is shown that the hybrid method runs faster than HFSS and requires less memory. It is also pointed out that the method can be used to study a circuit with noncircular cylinders.     

新能源充电线缆的高空核电磁脉冲响应

随着新能源技术的不断发展,多频器件和高压线束的大量应用使新能源车辆电磁兼容问题日趋复杂,研究特种车辆新能源充电线缆的复杂电磁环境效应与防护问题具有重要工程价值。文中选择一种新能源充电线缆,利用三维电磁场仿真软件(CST)建立电磁干扰源和充电线缆模型。基于场线耦合原理,仿真分析高空核电磁脉冲照射下的混合动力装甲车内部新能源充电线缆电磁响应。仿真结果表明,同一线束同种线缆横截面积越大,线缆端口耦合电流越大;在同一干扰脉冲照射下,不同线缆端口耦合电流达到峰值的时间以及开始衰减的时间不同;以及线缆布局影响线缆端口耦合电流的大小;线缆阻抗匹配时的耦合电流远远大于阻抗失配时的耦合电流;新能源充电线缆与传统车载SYV-50-3同轴线缆的高空核电磁脉冲响应变化规律吻合良好。     

Coupled TDIE-PO method for transient scattering from electrically large conducting objects

An efficient hybrid method based on the time domain integral equation (TDIE) coupled with physical optics (PO) is proposed for the transient scattering from electrically large conducting objects. The computational complexity of the proposed hybrid method is drastically reduced compared with full TDIE, and the accuracy is improved compared with only PO. The numerical results demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the hybrid method.