基于双光栅级联结构的温度及浓度传感特性测试

研究了长周期光纤光栅（LPFG）级联布拉格光纤光栅（FBG）结构的温度及浓度传感特性。利用飞秒激光直写制作LPFG并级联FBG,且FBG波谷位于1 551.9 nm,LPFG波谷位置为1 560.5 nm。在30~50℃温度变化范围内对传感器温度特性进行测试,并在25℃超净环境下对浓度为3%~30%的葡萄糖溶液进行敏感性测试。实验结果表明:升温过程FBG中心波长发生红移,灵敏度26.36 pm/℃,线性度0.950 8;LPFG中心波长发生蓝移,灵敏度-24.55 pm/℃,线性度0.914 2。降温过程FBG中心波长发生蓝移,灵敏度25.00 pm/℃,线性度0.945 8;LPFG中心波长发生红移,灵敏度为-21.82 pm/℃,线性度0.921 2。FBG对浓度变化不敏感,当浓度由3%增至30%时,LPFG中心波长发生蓝移,灵敏度196.36 pm,线性度0.956 5。结果表明该光纤传感器灵敏度高,线性度好,可以同时动态实现温度和浓度的测量。     

CO2激光刻写长周期光纤光栅与光纤MZ结构的双参数传感特性

为了实现温度与应变的双参数高精度传感测量,提出了一种CO2激光刻写长周期光纤光栅（Long Period Fiber Grating,LPFG）与光纤马赫-增德尔（MZ）干涉型结构的光纤传感器,利用CO2激光刻写制作LPFG并利用错位熔接法制备光纤MZ结构,将二者级联并实时监测温度及应变变化时的透射谱变化,研究了其传感原理并验证了其温度及应变传感特性。实验结果表明:该双参数光纤传感器的LPFG仅对温度敏感,MZ干涉结构对温度和应变都敏感;在温度范围35~70℃时,LPFG特征波长升温灵敏度38.57 pm/℃,降温灵敏度39.17 pm/℃;MZ干涉结构特征波长升温灵敏度38.57 pm/℃,降温灵敏度为37.50 pm/℃;当应变范围0~450 时,MZ干涉结构加载灵敏度4.01 pm/,卸载灵敏度为4.24 pm/。为温度和应变的实时测量提供了一种灵敏度高、线性度好的光纤传感器。     

激光脉冲制作的长周期光纤光栅/法布里-珀罗高温-应变组合传感器

在很多高温环境应用中,诸如发动机、飞机和宇航器、复合材料的健康监测,需要精确测量应变。针对这种场合提出了一种基于激光脉冲制作的长周期光纤光栅/法布里-珀罗(LPFG/F-P)温度-应变组合光纤传感器。该传感器由长周期光纤光栅与光纤法布里-珀罗干涉传感器级联构成,其中长周期光纤光栅由高频CO2激光脉冲制作,用于监测温度;光纤法布里-珀罗干涉传感器由157nm准分子激光脉冲制作,用于监测应变。这种新型组合光纤传感器最大的特点是能承受500℃的高温并能在高温环境下实现应变的精确测量,可望在高温恶劣环境条件下的结构(如飞机发动机)健康监测、复合材料生产过程监测等应用中发挥重要作用。     

光纤布拉格光栅和长周期光栅传感器对油气井下应力和温度的同时测量

本文报导了用光纤布拉格光栅和长周期光栅结合的传感器系统对油气井下应力和测试实现同时在线检测。实验中用一宽带半导体激光器驱动一损耗中心波长为λＬＰ＝１５５０ｎｍ的长周期光栅和两个反射中心波长分别为λＢ１＝１５４０ｎｍ和λＢ３＝１５６０ｎｍ的光纤布拉格光栅。信息处理部分采用光纤平面法－珀滤波器进行波长扫描测量。     

长周期光纤光栅温度传感器应变交叉敏感的研究

长周期光纤光栅是透射谱光栅,纤芯基模与同向各阶包层模发生耦合,谐振波长和幅值对外界环境的变化非常敏感,比传统布拉格光纤光栅具有更好的温度、应力、弯曲、扭曲、横向载荷、折射率等的传感特性.由于长周期光纤光栅对两个或者多个参量都是敏感的,当光纤光栅用于传感测量时,很难分辨出各个参量分别引起的被测量的变化,交叉敏感问题比布拉格光纤光栅严重的多.交叉敏感是光纤光栅传感中的关键问题.分析了目前较为典型的解决策略和方案,在此基础上提出了联系的思想和解决方案,提出并实验验证了一种解决长周期光纤光栅温度传感测量中应力与温度的交叉敏感问题.充分利用了LPFG温度与应变交叉敏感的现象,利用联系的思想,将应变对温度的负面干扰转变为正面的增敏.     

Single mode fiber dislocation Mach-Zehnder interfero- meter cascaded with fiber Bragg grating for monitoring metal electrochemical corrosion

An optical fiber sensor composed of a dislocation Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) cascaded with a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is proposed, and it is used to monitor the electrochemical corrosion of metals in experiments. The dislocation interferometer is composed of two segments of single-mode fiber (SMF) and one segment of dislocation SMF. The contact surface is increased between the fiber and the environment, which helps to improve the interference sensitivity. The relationship between the dislocation amount and the refractive index sensitivity of the interferometer is discussed through simulation. In the experiment, the sensitivity of the interferometer reaches more than 10 000 nm/RIU, and the monitoring of metal electrochemical corrosion is also realized in 3.5% NaCl solution. The proposed measurement scheme has the advantages of small structure, low cost and high sensitivity. It has good prospects in chemical reaction monitoring.     

Sagnac fiber interferometer with the population grating for fiber Bragg grating dynamic strain sensing

A Sagnac fiber interferometer with the population grating formed in saturable erbium-doped fiber (EDF) for fiber Bragg grating (FBG) dynamic strain sensing is proposed. In this configuration, a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)-based fiber ring laser with an FBG reflector is employed in the sensing part and a Sagnac interferometer based on transient two-wave mixing (TWM) via dynamic population gratings in single-mode polarization maintaining erbium-doped fiber (PM-EDF) is used in this detecting part. Experimental results show that the Sagnac fiber interferometer detection system can stably respond to dynamic strains at high frequencies. As an example of application, the response of the sensor system to continuous sinusoidal ultrasonic signals is presented. The proposed simple and robust configuration has an all-fiber design based on commercially available elements, which makes it promising for applications in fiber optic ultrasonic sensors.     

基于Lyot滤波器和长周期光纤光栅的温度与应变的同时测量

提出了一种基于光纤干涉原理的同时测量温度和应变的传感器,通过在Lyot滤波器(LFF)中熔接一段长周期光纤光栅(LPFG)构成。其中LFF由在起偏器(PL1)和检偏器(PL2)中嵌入一段保偏光纤(PMF)构成。实验结果表明,LFF的干涉谱和LPFG的谐振峰对温度和应变有不同的响应灵敏度,因此可利用敏感矩阵实现对温度和应变的同时测量。实验测得LFF和LPFG的温度灵敏度分别为-1.3173nm/℃和0.0604nm/℃,应变灵敏度分别为-0.0185nm/με和-0.0004nm/με。温度和应变的测量精度分别为±1℃和±25με。该系统采用线性结构,结构简单、易于实现,具有较高的灵敏度和稳定性,同时测量结果具有良好的线性度。     

A fiber Bragg grating sensor system for simultaneously static and dynamic measurements with a wavelength-swept fiber laser

A novel fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor system for static and dynamic measurements with a wavelength-swept fiber laser is proposed and demonstrated. In this system, both static and dynamic perturbation of each FBG in the sensor arrays can be interrogated simultaneously. The experiments demonstrated the strain resolutions of /spl sim/1 /spl mu//spl epsiv/ and 3.4 n/spl epsiv///spl radic/Hz at 500 Hz for static and dynamic measurements, respectively.     

基于镀铜长周期FBG的波长可调谐环形光纤激光器

将采用化学镀铜膜技术封装的长周期光纤光栅（LPFG）串人环形腔中,设计了一种新颖的波长可调谐掺Er3＋光纤激光器（EDFL）。铜镀膜（化学涂镀）的LPFG在激光器环腔中用作带阻滤波器,利用恒电流源调节LPFG所处温度场,影响LPFG透射谱,改变激光器环形腔增益最高点,实现输出激光波长的可调谐。在LPFG环境温度调谐20...     

级联长周期光纤光栅的温度特性研究

对级联长周期光纤光栅(C-LPFG)的温度敏感特性进行了理论和实验研究。讨论了C-LPFG的谐振波长温度灵敏度与包层模的阶次、光纤光栅周期的关系,进行了20～80℃温度传感实验,实验结果表明,谐振波长与温度成线性响应,升降温数据的重复性比较好,测得其谐振波长温度灵敏度为0.250 1nm/℃、而相同参数的LPFG所测得的谐振波长温度灵敏度为0.131nm/℃。表明,C-LPFG的温度灵敏度远高于同样参数的LPFG。     

基于扫描激光器和光放大的100 km光纤布拉格光栅传感系统

提出了对基于扫描激光器的光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感系统进行掺铒光纤(EDF)/双波拉曼混合放大的方法,大幅度提高了该光纤布拉格光栅传感系统的传输距离。该方法以高功率扫描激光器作为光源,采用双波长拉曼放大的方法对信号进行低噪声双向放大,再利用系统中间的两段掺铒光纤,将剩余的拉曼抽运功率用来产生自发辐射光和放大传感信号,使得整个系统能在超长的传感距离上获得良好的信噪比(SNR)。实验表明使用一台扫描激光传感分析仪、一只170mW的拉曼抽运和一只2W的拉曼抽运,可以使传感距离达到100km以上,并且传感系统的光纤布拉格光栅反射信号均能获得超过7dB的良好信噪比,从而实现在超长距离上的光纤布拉格光栅传感。     

基于法布里-珀罗干涉仪和光纤布拉格光栅的双参量光纤传感器

提出了一种结构紧凑的基于法布里-珀罗干涉仪（FPI）和光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）的双参量光纤传感器,其可实现对应变和温度的同时测量。所制作的FPI是通过将一段端面被腐蚀过的多模光纤（MMF）与一小段光敏光纤（PSF）熔接而形成的。PSF的平整端面作为FPI的一个反射面,FBG被刻写在PSF中。实验测得FPI和FBG对于应变的灵敏度分别为 8.63pm/με和1.11 pm/με,对温度的灵敏度分别为和-1.60 pm/℃和9.75pm/℃。由于FBG和FPI对于应变和温度分别有不同的灵敏度,所以它们组合起来可以实现对双参量的同时测量。实验测得传感器同时进行应变和温度测量的最大误差分别为6.72με和0.98℃。     

光纤光栅与法珀微腔温度应变双参量传感器

针对光纤应变传感器的温度-应变交叉敏感性问题,研究了一种结合光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)与法布里-珀罗(FP)微腔的光纤FBG-FP混合型温度应变双参量传感器。该传感器由两根垂直切割的单模光纤穿入一段石英毛细管(Glass capillary),并在石英毛细管两端固定制成,其中一根光纤端面附近预刻FBG,两根光纤端面间距为微米量级,构成FP微腔。处于自由悬空状态的FBG测量温度,FP微腔测量应变,并利用FBG的温度测量结果补偿温度对FP微腔的影响,从而有效解决光纤应变传感中的温度-应变交叉敏感性问题。成功制备了初始腔长为30.6μm的光纤FBG-FP混合型温度应变双参量传感器,温度与应变灵敏度分别达到了12 pm/℃和175.2 nm/με,并成功实现了应变测量的温度补偿。     

光纤光栅和静态电阻在静压模型管桩测试中的对比试验研究

为了提高光纤布拉格光栅(fiber Bragg gratin g,简称FBG)应变传感器测量精度,针对光纤光栅传 感器在模型管桩试验应用情况,提出了一种光纤光栅传感器理论灵敏度系数和实验灵敏度系 数应变标定方 法。该方法通过实验标定微型光纤光栅应变传感器的灵敏度系数,与理论分析传感器灵敏度 系数进行对比, 同时在模型管桩安装传感器位置粘贴应变片。实验结果表明,标定后的FBG应变传感器测试 结果更加准确, 为基于FBG应变传感器的模型管桩监测技术奠定了基础。同时,该方法适用于FBG传感器应 用与模型管 桩前的标定,可以得到准确反映模型管桩受力变形的真实数据,提高了光纤光栅传感器在模 型管桩试验中 的测量精度。同时,该方法简单、易操作,为光纤光栅传感器在试验和工程中应用奠定了基 础,加快了FBG 传感器在模型管桩荷载传递监测应用的步伐。     

Optical fiber magnetic field sensors with peanut-shape structure cascaded with LPFG

An optical fiber magnetic field sensor for the dual-parameter simultaneous measurement is proposed and demonstrated. The sensor head is constructed by a peanut-shape structure and long period fiber grating (LPFG) coated by magnetic fluid (MF). The external magnetic field intensity can be measured by the variation of characteristic wavelength (Dip1 and Dip2) in interference spectrum since the effective refractive index of MF changes with external magnetic field intensity. When the external magnetic field intensity changes from 0 mT to 20 mT, the magnetic field sensitivities of Dip1 and Dip2 are ?0.064 nm/mT and ?0.041 nm/mT, respectively. Experimental results show that the temperature sensitivities of the Dip1 and Dip2 are 0.233 nm/°C and 0.186 nm/°C, respectively. Therefore, the simultaneous measurement of the magnetic field intensity and temperature is demonstrated based on the sensitive matrix. It has some potential applications in aerospace, environmental monitoring and medical sensing fields.     

Novel fiber-optic sensors based on long-period fiber gratings written by high-frequency CO/sub 2/ laser pulses

In this paper, we report a novel long-period fiber grating (LPFG) fabricated by using a new writing technique that is mainly based on the thermal shock effect of focused high-frequency CO/sub 2/ laser pulses at several kilohertz. A number of unique characteristics of such a LPFG, such as bend, torsion, and transverse load, are observed by experiments, for the first time, to our knowledge. Based on these unique features, a novel bend-insensitive LPFG sensor that could solve the problem of cross-sensitivity between bend and other measurands, a novel torsion sensor that can realize absolute measurement of twist rate, and a load sensor that can achieve simultaneous measurement of transverse load and temperature using a single LPFG element are proposed and demonstrated. These unique features of the LPFGs are mainly due to the asymmetrical distribution of the refractive index on the cross section of the LPFG induced by high-frequency CO/sub 2/ laser pulses.     

高精度准分布式光纤光栅传感系统的研究

利用一个经过温度补偿封装的长周期光纤光栅解调系统中所有测量点的传感光栅的波长漂移,实现了实时、高效解调的准分布式测量.理论研究表明该系统适用于对温度、应变等参量的多布点准分布式测量.并以温度为例从实验上研究了高精度的准分布式光纤光栅传感系统.通过改善每个测量点的测量精度来提高整体系统的测量精度.利用金属槽对传感光纤布喇格光栅进行增温敏封装,使其温度灵敏系数比普通裸光栅提高了3.6倍,并利用经过温度增敏封装的光栅作为传感元件,在110℃(-50 ℃-60 ℃)的动态范围内实现了精度为0.04- ℃的多布点准分布式温度测量,理论分析与实验结果一致.     

基于LPFG滤噪和混合放大的长距离FBG传感器系统

设计的基于长周期光纤光栅(LPFG)滤噪和掺Er光纤(EDF)/喇曼混合放大的长距离光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感器系统,不但优化了系统的信噪比(SNR),而且使传感距离提高到50 km.该系统以高功率扫描激光器作为传感光源和解调系统,加入的LPFG减小了双向喇曼放大的自发辐射(ASE)噪声和FBG后向反射噪声,同时双环形器的EDF结构利用剩余的泵浦功率产生ASE光和放大传感信号,为后端FBG提供了光源以及提高了后端FBG的SNR.带LPFG的混合放大与EDF/喇漫混合放大相比,实验表明,FBG 1和FBG 2的SNR分别提高了4.40 dB和4.38 dB,而且分布在50 km光纤上的4个FBG均获得了大于15 dB的SNR.     

All-fiber sensor based on few-mode fiber offset splicing structure cascaded with long-period fiber grating for curvature and acoustic measurement

An all-fiber sensor based on a single-mode–few-mode–single-mode fiber offset splicing structure cascaded with long-period fiber grating is proposed and demonstrated for curvature and acoustic signal measurement. High-order mode is inspired in the few-mode fiber by the offset splicing structure and coupled into the LPFG, resulting in a splitting into two dips of LPFG attenuation band, which are more sensitive to the external environment change. The results of the curvature sensing experiment show that the intensity of the two resonant dips has a linear response to curvature in the range of 0.124–0.304 \({\hbox {m}}^{-1}\), and the sensitivity is about 93.01 \({\hbox {dB/m}}^{-1}\), which is one order of magnitude higher than congeneric curvature sensors demonstrated by other researchers before. Based on the curvature sensing mechanism, the sensor is also demonstrated for acoustic measurement in the range 110–230 Hz. The sensor shows a sensitivity of about 15 mV/Pa at 110 Hz and 4.5 mV/Pa at other frequencies. High sensitivity and easy fabrication make it a preferable candidate for curvature and acoustic sensing in the field of structural health monitoring.