超短激光脉冲对比度的三阶相关测量

在超强超短激光脉冲与物质相互作用过程中,良好的激光脉冲对比度是一个非常重要的参数指标.为了扩大对超短激光脉冲对比度的测量范围,准确地测量超短激光脉冲的对比度,利用非线性晶体对激光脉冲强度变化十分敏感的特性,研究了超短激光脉冲三阶相关信号的产生过程,并在此基础上,研制了一台三阶相关仪,对一台飞秒激光振荡器进行了脉冲对比度的测量研究.测量结果表明,通过在测量光路中加入聚焦透镜进行聚焦准直,可以有效提高激光脉冲的倍频效率,从而大幅提高该三阶相关仪的可测动态范围.该测量系统目前可实现的可测动态范围达到约108.     

短脉冲激光的二阶自相关

为了实现短脉冲激光的高动态范围信噪比(SNR)测量,满足快点火对激光驱动器的要求,开展了信噪比测量的前期研究.结合非线性晶体分析了超短脉冲的二阶自相关信号的产生过程,结果表明自相关曲线的信噪比等于原始脉冲的信噪比.同时讨论了非共线二阶自相关中,两束输入信号光的夹角变化对输出信号光强的影响.在此基础上,建立了一台二阶自相关仪以验证超短脉冲信噪比测量系统的工作性能,其信噪比测量的动态范围达到了约108.     

超短脉冲激光测量的标定方法

在研究总结现有超短激光脉冲测量方法的基础上，对皮秒激光脉冲的测量及飞秒激光脉冲自相关二次谐波(SHG)的测量方法进行了统一的校正。实验中，利用迈克尔逊干涉光路的相对光程差，产生已知时间间隔，作为时间基准对皮秒、飞秒激光脉冲的测量进行了标定。     

高能量低重复频率超短激光脉冲的测量

利用非线性晶体 (BBO)的非共线匹配倍频效应 ,研制了实时测量高能量低重复频率超短激光脉冲宽度的单脉冲自相关仪 ,并对飞秒 (fs)参量放大器的输出脉冲宽度进行了测量 ,测得了 10 3fs的超短激光脉冲宽度。     

利用单模光纤测量超短脉冲

随着超短脉冲技术的发展,人们对超快现象和超快过程的研究已进入皮秒及飞秒时域。相应的电子测量技术团其分辨率被限制在皮秒而显得无能为力,须借助于非线光学相关测量脉冲特性。本文报到了一种利用新型非线性介质测量超短脉冲的自相关系统。 我们知道,光纤已被广泛地用于非线性过程的研究。和倍频晶体相比较,光纤不仅价格低廉,且有较高的转换效率。实验系统是在一变形的迈克尔逊干涉仪后放置一单模光     

基于超短脉冲激光光谱技术诊断癌症的研究

目的:研究用于癌症诊断与治疗的光敏剂血卟啉(HPD)的超快光动力学过程;方法:采用超短脉冲激光光谱技术和皮秒时间相关单光子计数系统,测量经血卟啉培养的活体癌细胞与正常细胞的荧光光谱、荧光寿命特性及荧光峰值强度随时间变化曲线,并测量单一细胞内部不同位置的荧光寿命特性;结果:癌细胞样品在645nm处具有特有的光谱谱峰;癌细胞样品荧光寿命的快成分约150ps慢成分约1200ps,而正常细胞样品快成分约300ps慢成分约2500ps;癌细胞样品的荧光峰值强度经12小时衰减约10%,而正常细胞样品衰减约55%;在细胞内部荧光寿命300ps的快成分十分显著,且中心部位血卟啉浓度最高;结论:癌细胞与正常细胞的荧光光谱、荧光寿命特性及荧光峰值强度随时间变化曲线相差十分明显,反映了癌细胞与正常细胞对血卟啉亲和性有显著的差异;测量结果确认了荧光光谱技术诊断与治疗癌症的可行性,并对发展超短脉冲激光光谱技术早期诊断与治疗癌症具有重要的指导意义和临床应用价值。     

超快激光诱导单晶硅瞬态光学性质演化机理

研究了从亚皮秒到皮秒范围内的不同脉宽和不同能量密度的激光作用下单晶硅材料表面瞬态光学性质的演化规律。这项工作基于考虑了相变潜热的双温方程、载流子数密度模型,通过计算激光辐照过程中的载流子温度、晶格温度和激发态载流子数密度和介电常数,模拟了光子到电子以及电子到声子的能量传递过程,最终得到了单晶硅表面折射率和消光系数的变化结果。有助于揭示亚皮秒到皮秒脉冲宽度范围的超短脉冲激光辐照下,单晶硅材料瞬态光学性质的演化机理。理论结果表明,若单个激光脉冲无法使单晶硅熔化,则不同的激光能量密度和不同的激光脉宽对最小折射率的影响非常有限,在0.3~0.4 J/cm2的激光能量密度范围内,每0.01 J/cm2的能量密度改变引起的最小折射率变化率小于0.5%。若单个激光脉冲能使单晶硅熔化,则不同能量密度和不同脉宽的激光对硅表面的折射率和消光系数有不同程度的影响。该研究结果可为基于超短脉冲激光的单晶硅材料加工和表面改性提供一定的理论指导。     

光学玻璃在皮秒与飞秒脉冲激光作用下的暗化现象

研究了某些光学玻璃在皮秒和飞秒激光照射下产生的暗化 (darking)特性。测量了玻璃在 810nm飞秒激光照射前后的吸收光谱 ,并进行了比较与分析。玻璃在超短脉冲激光照射后发生暗化 ,是因为玻璃内生成色心的结果。同时提出了解释超短脉冲飞秒激光引起玻璃产生色心的机理。上述暗化具有热擦除性 ,在 2 0 0℃下热处理几分钟后 ,暗区消失     

飞秒激光等离子体中自生磁场实验研究

皮秒和飞秒激光技术的迅速发展,为激光等离子体物理开辟了新的理论和实验研究领域．自生磁场是激光与等离子体相互作用中很多物理过程的结果,反过来,自生磁场又对等离子体的运动产生直接或间接的影响．到目前为止,对环形磁场的理论和实验研究比较多．相比之下,对轴向磁场的探索则很不充分,尤其在超短激光脉冲与等离子体作用中,对轴向磁场的研究尚属空白．本文利用法拉第效应,对超短激光脉冲同等离子体相互作用中产生的轴向磁场进行了首次测量．实验中通过引入延迟光路的方法,大大降低了打靶激光发与发之间的涨落带来的误差．使用飞…     

四棱镜系统压缩LD端泵Yb:YAG皮秒脉冲的实验研究

设计了一种结构简单、易于调节、能够有效压缩皮秒脉冲的超短脉冲激光器.采用半导体端面泵浦Yb:YAG晶体,利用半导体可饱和吸收体(SESAM)产生皮秒脉冲,腔型为直腔.在上述基础上产生了稳定的皮秒脉冲(脉冲宽度＜10 ps),在腔内插入四棱镜系统优化腔内色散补偿,调节棱镜对后输出稳定的皮秒脉冲列,经过自相关仪测量,压缩后的脉冲宽度为4 ps.通过紧凑型四棱镜系统,可以适当压缩Yb:YAG超短脉冲,而不用再进行脉冲展宽.对设计全固态小型化超短脉冲激光器具有现实指导意义.     

Nonstationary nonlinear optical effects and ultrashort light pulse formation

A theory of nonstationary nonlinear wave phenomena occurring in the field of ultrashort high-intensity light pulses is developed (harmonic generation and parametric amplification stimulated Raman scattering). The main equations are given, the group velocity mismatch effects are studied, and special attention is paid to the high-conversion conditions. The possibilities of picosecond pulse narrowing on account of linear and nonlinear nonresonance parametric amplification and harmonic generation are studied in detail. The factors that determine the minimum light-pulse duration (dispersion broadening) are examined. A nonstationary theory of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) is developed. Expressions for minimum pulse duration in forward and backward SRS are given. Reduction of Raman amplification with a picosecond pump is discussed.     

Ultrahigh-speed photography of picosecond light pulses

A new technique for the display of picosecond light pulses is presented. Ultrashort (6 ps) green light pulses passing through a light-scattering medium are photographed from the side by a camera positioned behind a shutter of 10-ps framing time. The shutter is an ultrafast Kerr cell driven by infrared pulses 8 ps in duration. Color photographs show a bright spot on a dark background, revealing the unambiguous presence of well-isolated picosecond light pulses. The shape of the spot is the result of a convolution involving the three-dimensional shape of the green pulse and the time transmission function of the shutter, this function being dictated by the shape of the infrared pulse. The experiment indicates that a new technique for visualizing light pulses consists in simply observing their flight through a scattering medium from behind an ultrafast shutter having a framing time equal to the time resolution desired. The new technique has many advantages over the two-photon fluorescence display technique, such as higher sensitivity, wider spectral range, and easier interpretation. The ultrafast camera also can be used for the photographic measurement of ultrashort relaxation times in dielectrics and in fluorescent dyes.     

Linear Characterization of Optical Pulses With Durations Ranging From the Picosecond to the Nanosecond Regime Using Ultrafast Photonic Differentiation

In this paper, we extend the recently introduced linear technique for temporal phase reconstruction using optical ultrafast differentiation (PROUD) to achieve full characterization of ultrashort optical pulses with durations down to the picosecond regime using a well-characterized temporal stretcher (e.g., dispersive optical fiber). The proposed method is experimentally demonstrated by precisely characterizing the amplitude and phase temporal profiles of microwatt-power picosecond pulses ranging from 4 to 20 ps with both continuous and discrete temporal phase variations. Using this simple mechanism, the same PROUD setup can be used to characterize optical pulses with durations ranging from the picosecond to the nanosecond regime. We provide a comprehensive mathematical analysis of this general PROUD technique: we evaluate in detail the influence of the key specifications (e.g., different sources of noise) of the used components and instruments, namely, optical differentiator, linear temporal stretcher, and time-domain intensity test equipment, on the performance of the PROUD measurement system, particularly in terms of phase sensitivity in the optical pulse characterization.     

利用沿锁定载波相位测量脉冲到达时差

传统的单独利用脉冲沿、载波相位或中频相关的方法测量脉冲信号的到达时间差(TDOA)都不容易达到较高的测量精度,为了实现高精度时差(皮秒量级)测量,在分析这些方法的基础上,提出了利用脉冲沿来锁定载波相位实现宽带(初步设计实现了250 MHz的带宽)、大动态脉冲信号TDOA的一种测量方法,给出了其实现的具体流程并分析了能够达到的测量精度.目前该方法在实验室条件下已经实现了10 ps的测量精度,可用于短基线时差定位系统.     

Maximum likelihood time delay estimation in non-Gaussian noise

In a non-Gaussian noise environment, it is theoretically possible to design a delay estimator that performs significantly better than the conventional linear correlator. We study the maximum likelihood estimator for passive time delay in non-Gaussian noise. We show that the form of the best estimator depends strongly on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and the estimator optimal at low SNR can fail catastrophically at high values of SNR. The paper uses simulations to examine this sensitivity problem and proposes an ad hoc instrumentation that is reasonably robust over a wide range of SNR values     

The clipping loss in correlation detectors for arbitrary input signal-to-noise ratios

The detection of stationary Gaussian signals in a background of stationary Gaussian noise by the analog multiplier correlator, the polarity coincidence correlator (PCC), and the sample polarity coincidence correlator (SPCC) is considered. It is assumed that signal and noise have identical normalized autocovariance functions, and they are not cross correlated with each other. The main contributions of this paper are the exact expressions for the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for the correlators mentioned for all values of the input SNR. It is shown that there exists a critical value of the input SNR, such that, whenever this value is exceeded, the PCC output SNR exceeds that of the analog correlator. A sufficient condition for this gain in output SNR is obtained in terms of the input SNR. This result is illustrated for stationary Gauss-Markov processes.     

基于小波多尺度综合的低对比度目标识别

光电混合联合变换相关器能够对目标进行自动探测识别和跟踪。为使联合变换相关器对低对比度目标进行有效探测与识别,提出了一种基于小波多尺度综合的边缘提取新方法,对输入图像进行预处理。计算机模拟实验和光学实验证明,该方法使相关器在输入图像对比度低、信噪比较低时仍然能够产生较强的相关峰输出,扩展了光电混合联合变换相关器的应用范围。