不确定环境下多无人机协同搜索算法研究

不确定环境下多无人机协同搜索是多无人机协同控制的一个重要研究内容。多架无人机同时对一个不确定区域进行搜索,目的在于获取搜索区域的信息,降低环境的不确定度,并尽可能发现隐藏在环境中的目标。针对这一问题,提出一种基于协同进化算法的多无人机协同区域搜索算法。首先,建立搜索概率图来描述搜索环境的不确定性,并使用贝叶斯准则更新搜索概率图,然后,使用协同进化算法,在线生成多UAV协同搜索的路径。仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。     

考虑信息延迟的无人机分布式协同搜索算法

多无人机协同搜索是多无人机协同控制的重要内容之一,无人机协同搜索的两大问题是通讯延迟和分布式的计算环境。各无人机既要提高搜索效率又要避免碰撞。提出了一种以分布式模型预测算法为基础的搜索算法。通过引入合适的缓冲周期,安排不同的无人机分别对未来不同的时间范围进行规划。不同无人机的搜索规划在时间上不再耦合,从而解决了多机分布式计算和通讯延迟的问题。该方法的目的是实现真实环境下的分布式协同控制。最后用仿真算例验证了算法的可行性。     

无人机集群协同搜索跟踪任务规划方法

无人机集群在目标搜索、定位和跟踪等方面具有巨大的应用潜力,有效的任务规划方案能极大提高无人机集群执行任务的效率。在不确定的动态环境中,任务规划方案需要适应环境的变化,对任务规划的求解效率提出了较高的要求。针对动态环境下的无人机集群协同搜索跟踪任务规划问题,本文将其建模为动态多约束多目标优化问题（DMCMOPs）,并提出了基于动态自适应惩罚的动态约束双档案进化算法（DCTAEA）,其在收敛性种群更新中引入自适应惩罚函数机制,整合不可行个体的目标函数值和违反约束的惩罚值获得修正的目标函数值,实现有价值不可行解的利用,促使种群进入可行区域并向帕累托前沿面收敛,极大促进了种群的收敛。仿真结果证明,与第二代非支配排序遗传算法（NSGA-II）的动态版本、基于分解的多目标进化算法（MOEA/D）、约束双档案进化算法（CTAEA）和动态双档案进化算法（DTAEA）相比,本文所提算法有效性较显著。     

快速一致性控制算法下的多UAV分布式协同控制

多无人机系统中,系统状态的一致性是实现多无人机分布式协同控制的基础, 一致性控制算法是多无人机系统实现状态一致的有效方法。通信约束条件下, 无人机平台基于局部交互信息, 通过一致性控制算法, 控制系统状态演化一致。为解决改变通信拓扑结构和多跳路由通信的不可操作性问题, 引入状态差值和预测状态,设计新的快速一致性控制算法。给出新算法收敛性和快速性的相关定理,并进行了严格的数学证明, 在分布式协同控制结构下实现多无人机快速任务协同。理论分析和仿真实验验证了算法的可行性和有效性。     

基于联盟图博弈的地下空间无人机应急通信网络拓扑控制算法

地下空间灾害事故对极端环境下应急通信网络快速重组与灾情信息实时回传提出了严峻挑战,亟需构建具备按需动态重构、快速响应能力的无人机(UAV)应急通信网络。针对拓扑快变等动态不确定性造成的网络连通性频繁失效等问题,该文利用图论对时变拓扑的关键信息提取简化后,将联盟博弈（CG）引入时变拓扑图,提出一种基于联盟图博弈的自适应拓扑控制算法（CGG-ATC）,通过协同决策建立远程传输链路（LLs）维护拓扑连通性。仿真结果表明,与其他现有算法相比,该算法能更好地实现拓扑连通性、平均传输时延与链路损耗3种性能之间的权衡优化。此外,该算法具有较快的收敛速度,能支持灾后动态不确定场景下组网决策随拓扑快变弹性适变。     

未知环境下多无人机协同搜索与围捕策略研究

针对多无人机在未知环境下的目标搜索与围捕问题，文中提出一种多无人机协同搜索与围捕策略。该策略分为两部分：一是基于区域划分的多无人机遍历式协同搜索；二是基于时间一致性的多无人机协同围捕。首先，根据相关参数对任务区域进行子区域划分，并根据无人机与子区域中心点距离以及子区域的状态进行子区域搜索任务实时分配；其次，根据目标的位置以及建立的围捕点生成模型，解算出围捕点；最后，采用距离协商法，根据各无人机与各围捕点之间的距离进行围捕点的合理分配，并根据各无人机与其配对围捕点之间的距离以及无人机的速度范围建立多无人机的时间一致性约束，通过调节各无人机的飞行速度实现同时到达配对围捕点的目的。考虑到环境未知，在多无人机协同搜索与围捕的过程中，采用VFH+进行无人机的局部路径规划，以确保无人机的安全。仿真结果表明，所提出的多无人机协同搜索与围捕策略具有可行性。     

无人机动态目标搜索的建模及求解

对无人机(UAV)在动态战场环境中的协同搜索问题进行研究,在考虑目标存在概率、价值收益、UAV斥力代价及任务执行代价的情形下,建立了多UAV协同搜索的滚动优化模型。为了提高模型求解的效率,提出一种改进种群增量学习算法(PBIL)对该问题进行求解,采用混合编码的方法构造种群,同时采用了自适应的更新率,并利用自适应交叉和变异方式,将该算法应用于动态目标的搜索问题,仿真结果表明该方法能有效地搜索到战场目标,提高了搜索效率。     

反辐射无人机协同搜索航路规划

为解决反辐射无人机的协同搜索问题,首先,建立"全时域视场覆盖"这一协同搜索航路规划代价指标,以两架无人机为例,规划出协同搜索航路,并制定合适的协同搜索策略;其次,利用一阶一致性算法来协调控制每架反辐射无人机的速度,使反辐射无人机同时到达指定位置;最后,通过仿真验证了该方法的有效性与可行性。     

高密度WLAN环境下传输功率控制算法的研究

提出了一种新的传输功率控制算法（TPC），该算法能够根据信道的自身干扰情况．自适应的优化算法参数，动态控制AP发射功率，在现有的信道资源下提升系统容量。给出了算法处理过程的描述．并以IEEE802．11b系统为例进行仿真。仿真结果表明：该算法能够实现在高密度、负载不均衡的WLAN环境下大大提高整个系统的吞吐量。     

不确定信息下基于拍卖算法的多无人机同时到达攻击多目标

针对不确定信息下的多无人机同时到达攻击多目标的控制策略问题,将拍卖算法和区间一致性算法相结合,提出了不确定信息下的多无人机同时到达的控制方法。首先通过拍卖算法,给出了多无人机对多目标的任务分配方法;然后定义了区间一致性算法,提出了不确定信息下的多无人机同时到达的控制方法,实现了多无人机到达多目标的时间上趋于一致;最后进行仿真,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.     

GaAsSb/InAlAs PA DHBTs Grown by Production MBE

The epi material growth of GaAsSb based DHBTs with InAlAs emitters are investigated using a 4 × 100mm multi-wafer production Riber 49 MBE reactor fully equipped with real-time in-situ sensors including an absorption band edge spectroscope and an optical-based flux monitor. The state-of-the-art hole mobilities are obtained from 100nm thick carbon-doped GaAsSb. A Sb composition variation of less than ± 0.1 atomic percent across a 4 × 100mm platen configuration has been achieved. The large area InAlAs/GaAsSb/InP DHBT device demonstrates excellent DC characteristics,such as BVCEO＞6V and a DC current gain of 45 at 1kA/cm2 for an emitter size of 50μm × 50μm. The devices have a 40nm thick GaAsSb base with p-doping of 4. 5 × 1019cm-3 . Devices with an emitter size of 4μm × 30μm have a current gain variation less than 2% across the fully processed 100mm wafer. ft and fmax are over 50GHz,with a power efficiency of 50% ,which are comparable to standard power GaAs HBT results. These results demonstrate the potential application of GaAsSb/InP DHBT for power amplifiers and the feasibility of multi-wafer MBE for mass production of GaAsSb-based HBTs.     

Noise character analysis and the restraint of self-pulsation laser diodes

We calculate the Langevin noise sources of self-pulsation laser diodes, analyze the effects of active region noise and saturable-absorption region noise on the power fluctuation as well as period fluctuation, and propose a novel method to restrain the noise effects. A visible SIMULINK model is established to simulate the system, The results indicate that the effects of noise in absorption region can be ignored; that with the increase of DC injecting current, the noise effects enhance power jitter, and nevertheless, the period jitter is decreased; and that with external sinusoidal current modulating the self-pulsation laser diode, the noise-induced power jitter and period jitter can be suppressed greatly. This work is valuable for clock recovery in all-optical network.     

High-quality single-crystal CdSe nanoribbons and their optical properties

Large-scale synthesis of single-crystal CdSe nanoribbons is achieved by a modified thermal evaporation method, in which two-step-thermal-evaporation is used to control CdSe sources＇ evaporation. The synthesized CdSe nanoribbons are usually several micrometers in width, 50 nm in thickness, and tens to several hundred micrometers in length. Studies have shown that high-quality CdSe nanoribbons with regular shapes can be obtained by this method. Room-temperature photolumines-cence indicates that the lasing emission at 710 nm has been observed under optical pumping （266 nm） at power densities of 25-153 kW/cm^2. The full width half maximum （FWHM） of the lasing mode is 0.67 nm     

Propagation of hermite-cosh-gaussian beams passing through ABCD optical system with an annular aperture

By using the expansion of the aperture function into a finte sum of complex Gaussian functions, the corresponding analytical expressions of Hermite-cosh-Gaussian beams passing through annular apertured paraxially and symmetrically optical systems written in terms of ABCD matrix were derived, and they could reduce to the cases with squared aperture. In a similar way, the corresponding analytical expressions of cosh-Gaussian beams through annular apertured ABCD matrix were also given. The method could save more calculation time than that by using the diffraction integral formula directly.     

Influence of polarization extinction ratio on distributed polarization coupling detection

Distributed polarization coupling in polarization-maintaining fibers can be detected by using a white light Michelson interferometer. This technique usually requires that only one polarization mode is excited. However, in practical measurement, the injection polarization direction could not be exactly aligned to one of the principal axes of the PMF, so the influence of the polarization extinction ratio should be considered. Based on the polarization coupling theory, the influence of the incident polarization extinction on the measurement result is evaluated and analyzed, and a method for distributed polarization coupling detection is developed when both two orthogonal eigenmodes are excited.     

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正Communications—VLSI Researches and industries of telecommunications have been growing rapidly in the last 20 years and will keep their high growing pace in the next decade.The involved researches and developments cover mobile communications,highway and last-mile broadband communication,domain specific communications,and emerging D2D M2M communications.Radio communication steps into its