A new generalized energy criterion for the passivity of digitalnetworks

A general passivity criterion for digital networks is introduced. Digital networks that meet this criterion form a stable and useful class of networks. The networks in this class have properties similar to passive analog networks. These networks are all stable, and some networks, including all linear networks, are shown to have restricted gain. The gain restriction can be used to design filters that are insensitive to changes in multiplier values at frequencies of maximum gain. Emerging directly from this criterion is a procedure for interconnecting simple networks to form a complex passive network. These networks remain stable after the introduction of rounding following multiplications so that these networks do not exhibit limit cycle oscillations     

A new concept-repackable networks

The following classes of connecting networks, based on their combinatorial properties, have been previously defined: networks nonblocking in the strict sense, networks nonblocking in the wide sense, rearrangeable networks, and blocking networks. To these the authors add the class of repackable networks, i.e., networks in which blocking can be avoided by using call repacking control algorithms. The conditions under which a three-stage Clos network is repackable are formulated and proved. The numbers of middle-stage switches in all network classes are compared, and the differences between repackable and rearrangeable networks are discussed     

On the future of wavelength routing networks

This article discusses the possible applications for optical networks based on wavelength division multiplexing and how they compete and complement current high-speed networks (SONET, ATM). We first outline the best-case scenario for this technology and describe the spectrum of proposed optical networks (WDM links, passive optical access networks, broadcast-and-select networks, and wavelength routing networks). Then we focus on wavelength routing networks and describe their advantages and disadvantages relative to other competing alternatives for very-high-speed networks. Finally, we analyze the different markets for such networks in the telco and data communications arena     

FBG传感网络技术研究

系统分析和总结了现有 FBG传感技术的复用结构和系统性能 ,并依据复用方式的频域、时域和空间特性 ,从网络拓扑结构的角度 ,提出把 FBG传感网络划分为波分复用网络、时分复用网络、空分复用网络、频分复用网络和混合复用网络 ,在此基础上比较了各种复用方式的优缺点 ,并针对网络实用化开发提出了自己的观点 ,从而为 FBO传感网络拓扑结构及性能的研究提供了参考。     

Progress in supervised neural networks

Theoretical results concerning the capabilities and limitations of various neural network models are summarized, and some of their extensions are discussed. The network models considered are divided into two basic categories: static networks and dynamic networks. Unlike static networks, dynamic networks have memory. They fall into three groups: networks with feedforward dynamics, networks with output feedback, and networks with state feedback, which are emphasized in this work. Most of the networks discussed are trained using supervised learning     

实际网络的复杂特征分析

随着对复杂网络的深入研究,现实生活中越来越多的网络被证明具有复杂网络的特性,如小世界特性,无标度特性和高聚类系数等.本文介绍了九种现实网络所具有的复杂网络特性,并介绍了权重网络和空间网络的基本概念,它们更多的考虑了现实网络的特性,并能更好的模拟实际网络.     

无线传感器网络的神经网络模型

无线传感器网络是复杂的无线网络。无线传感器网络拥有大量的网络节点。网络节点是无线传感器网络的基础。为了研究复杂的无线传感器网络，采用了神经元描述了WSN的网络节点，用神经元模型表示了无线传感器网络。给出了无线待感器网络节点的神经元模型和无线传感器网络的神经网络模型，并将神经网络应用于无线传感器网络的数据融合应用。结果表明，基于神经网络的无线传感器网络研究可以使得复杂研究变得简单，利于开展WSN的深入研究。     

AWG-based metro WDM networking

A plethora of metropolitan area wavelength-division multiplexing networks have been proposed and examined in recent years with the aim to alleviate the bandwidth bottleneck between increasingly higher-speed local/access networks and high-speed backbone networks. Many of the considered metropolitan area networks use the arrayed waveguide grating as an optical building block. As we review in this article, in ring, interconnected ring, and meshed metro WDM networks, the AWG is typically used to realize wavelength multiplexers, demultiplexers, or optical add-drop multiplexers without capitalizing on spatial wavelength reuse. By using the AWG as a wavelength router, highly efficient star metro WDM networks can be realized due to extensive spatial wavelength reuse. We give an overview of star metro WDM networks that are able to meet modular upgradability, transparency, flexibility, efficiency, reliability, and protection requirements of future metro networks. AWG-based star networks also enable an evolution path of ring networks toward highly efficient and fault-tolerant hybrid star-ring metro network solutions.     

Supplementary services in the H.323 IP telephony network

Traditionally, different networks were developed to handle voice, data, and video. The circuit-switched telephone network carried voice and the packet network carried data. Due to different deployment of these networks, different services were developed, such as voice mail in the telephone network and electronic mail on the Internet. With the revolution of multimedia in the computer industry, voice, video, and data are now being carried on both networks. Supplementary services, such as transfer and forwarding (which were originally developed for private telephone networks and later migrated to public telephone networks) are now being developed for packet networks. The standards for packet networks are being defined in the H.323-based series of ITU-T recommendations. This article provides the H.323 architecture for supplementary services, the differences in deployment of these services between the circuit-switched and packet-switched networks, and interworking of these services across hybrid networks     

无线Ad-hoc网络及其关键技术

本在介绍了无线Ad-hoc网络发展情况的基础上，分析了其面临的挑战及相应的关键技术，并对蜂窝网与Ad-hoc网络的结合及无线Ad-hoc网络中无线资源管理进行探讨。     

Time synchronization in sensor networks: a survey

Time synchronization is an important issue in multihop ad hoc wireless networks such as sensor networks. Many applications of sensor networks need local clocks of sensor nodes to be synchronized, requiring various degrees of precision. Some intrinsic properties of sensor networks, such as limited resources of energy, storage, computation, and bandwidth, combined with potentially high density of nodes make traditional synchronization methods unsuitable for these networks. Hence, there has been an increasing research focus on designing synchronization algorithms specifically for sensor networks. This article reviews the time synchronization problem and the need for synchronization in sensor networks, then presents in detail the basic synchronization methods explicitly designed and proposed for sensor networks.     

全IP移动网热点问题研究

移动网与固定网存在大量共同的技术,因此,在讨论移动网的核心网和业务网时,可以与固网结合起来讨论.在全IP移动网的核心网方面,文章认为:由于采用了不面向连接的工作方式,简化了信令,克服了节点设备复杂化以及与传送网技术的发展相匹配,IP网将是全IP移动网的核心网.在全IP移动网的业务网方面,文章认为:因为电路交换网与分组交换网网络特性的差别,全IP移动网的业务网设计应当有别于目前简单的映射电路交换网的业务网设计,应该符合分组交换网网络特性,因此,从商业模型出发,对业务网与承载网相分离的说法需要重新审视.     

Networks and their architectures

Computer and data networks are the mechanism by which information systems are interconnected. The underlying technology and the principles of design for the architectures of such networks are still limited but the demands placed upon them are of continually increasing sophistication. The author reviews the ways in which a classification of networks can be determined, thereby providing a perspective for the designers of modern communication networks. It is the classification of networks (based upon wide-area networks, metropolitan area networks and local-area networks) which causes great confusion and so he sets out to explain how the spirit of classification should be used and not necessarily the law in order to appreciate the characteristics of the various types of network     

Security in wireless sensor networks

With sensor networks on the verge of deployment, security issues pertaining to the sensor networks are in the limelight. Though the security in sensor networks share many characteristics with wireless ad hoc networks, the two fields are rapidly diverging due to the fundamental differences between the make‐up and goals of the two types of networks. Perhaps the greatest dividing difference is the energy and computational abilities. Sensor nodes are typically smaller, less powerful, and more prone to failure than nodes in an ad hoc network. These differences indicate that protocols that are valid in the context of ad‐hoc networks may not be directly applicable for sensor networks. In this paper, we survey the state of art in securing wireless sensor networks. We review several protocols that provide security in sensor networks, with an emphasis on authentication, key management and distribution, secure routing, and methods for intrusion detection. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

FB-banyans and FB-delta networks: Fault-tolerant networks for broadband packet switching

Many fast packet switches for the broadband integrated services digital network (BISDN) in the literature are based on banyan networks. Although banyan networks possess nice properties such as a simple control and a low hardware cost, they are unique-path networks. Since there is a unique path from an input to an output in a banyan network, a single component failure may disrupt services of some nodes connected to such a network. Moreover, banyan networks are also blocking networks; packets can be lost within the networks. To reduce the packet loss, buffered banyan networks can be used. In an earlier work we have proposed the addition of backward links to otherwise unidirectional banyan networks to create B-banyans (and B-delta networks). Backward links not only function as implicit buffers for blocked packets, but also provide multiple paths for each input-output connection. However, the multiple paths in B-banyans may not be disjoint. In this paper, we enhance B-banyans and B-delta networks in such a way that the resulting networks can provide disjoint multiple paths for each input-output pair. The existence of disjoint multiple paths has a significant effect on the network fault-tolerance. The new networks, called FB-banyans and FB-delta networks, are k fault-tolerant, where k is the number of backward links per switch and is less than the switch size. They are also robust to more than k faults, depending on the locations of faults. The maximal fault-tolerance is achieved when k is the switch size minus 1. The performance of the new networks is analysed and compared to that of other networks of interest. FB-banyans and FB-delta networks can be used as a switch fabric for fast packet switches to provide performance comparable to that of buffered banyan networks and good fault tolerance.     

光传送网的生存技术

 生存技术作为光传送网体系演进中最为重要的组成部件,受到学术界和工业界广泛而持久的关注.论文回顾和总结光传送网生存技术的重要研究成果及若干最新进展,内容包括:光网络的连接恢复技术、可生存光网络的资源优化与服务质量、两层网络的连接恢复技术以及透明光网络的故障定位技术.     

电信网络成本研究

电信网络成本是电信管制经济学的基础。目前中国尚无系统的电信网络成本工程学测算模型，以工程学分析模型为主结合计量经济学方法来研究电信网络成本是电信网络成本工程学研究的主要问题。使用网络成本工程学方法对电信网络成本进行研究，可以在电信管制经济学基础研究方面有所突破。文章介绍了电信网络成本的研究现状、研究内容、研究目标和关键问题，以及采用工程学模型方法测算电信网络成本的主要特色与创新之处。     

Vertical handoff in integrated CDMA and WLAN systems

Future wireless networks are expected to consist of different types of wireless networks such as code division multiple access (CDMA) networks and public wireless local area networks (WLANs). The integrated network will require vertical handoffs between different networks. In this letter, we propose vertical hard- and soft-handoff algorithms and evaluate their performance in commercial wireless networks.     

Internetworking connectionless and connection oriented networks

The use of connection-oriented (CO) networks for the transport of IP traffic is seen to have value to both users and service providers. Given the expectation that most endpoint-generated traffic will be in the form of connectionless (CL) IP datagrams, we address the problem of how to internetwork a CL (IP) network with a CO network. CO networks can be packet-switched or circuit-switched. Examples of packet-switched CO networks include ATM and MPLS networks, in which resource reservations are made at the ATM or shim layer, and IP-switch-based networks, in which resource reservations are made at the IP layer. Examples of circuit-switched networks include SONET/SDH and WDM networks that consist of programmable optical crossconnects. We consider the internetworking problem for two modes of operation of CO networks: provisioned, in which connections are set up a priori, and switched, in which connections are set up on demand. The main focus of this article is on the more complex problem: the internetworking of CL IP networks with CO networks operated in a switched mode. Our solution consists of (i) interworking user plane protocols with protocol conversion in some cases instead of always using protocol encapsulation, (ii) interworking routing protocols by either simply having gateways know routing information of both networks or having all nodes know routing information of both networks, and (iii) interworking signaling protocols by using application- or transport-layer end-to-end handshakes to trigger connection setups through the CO network. We demonstrate throughput improvements with our integrated routing interworking scheme over the MPOA IP-ATM internetworking solution for two example networks     

无线传感器网络安全性研究综述

本文介绍了无线传感器网络发展现状及其应用情况,分析了无线传感网存在的安全问题及面临的安全威胁,并综合考虑无线传感网存在的自身限制,给出了保障无线传感器网络安全的综合解决方案,为无线传感器网络大范围推广应用提供了技术支撑。