用于MW级回旋管的TE_(34,10)模圆柱高频腔体设计（英文）

采用TE_(34,10)-模式开展了140 GHz兆瓦级圆柱回旋管腔体的设计和优化,并分析了工作模的模式竞争情况.由于两个邻近模式TE33,10-和TE31,11+的竞争TE_(34,10)-未能在高效率区稳定振荡,使得输出功率显著降低.为了抑制模式竞争计算了工作模和两个竞争模的滞回曲线,结果表明,TE_(34,10)-能够在磁场由其低功率振荡区下降时对竞争模形成抑制,而在磁场由低到高时则由于竞争模的率先起振反而被竞争模所抑制.基于此设计了由5. 59 T下降至5. 51 T的时变磁场曲线,在此磁场下开展了包含42个模式在内的多模时域计算,结果表明竞争模式被有效抑制,工作模在此磁场曲线下能够稳定获得0. 96 MW的稳定输出功率,对应的电子效率为36. 7%,频率为140 GHz.     

140 GHz, TE22,6模式回旋振荡管高频谐振腔

通过数值计算方法,编程模拟了140 GHz, TE22,6模式回旋振荡管开放式缓变截面谐振腔的传播特性,计算出谐振腔的谐振频率和品质因数;利用CST软件对该高频谐振腔进行仿真计算,得到腔体内横截面的电场分布云图。通过实验和仿真软件得到的数据进行比较,两者有较好的一致性。测试结果表明,当磁场为5.48 T,电子注电流为28 A,电子注电压为68.6 kV时,TE22,6模式的平均输出功率为0.25 kW,峰值功率为0.56 MW。当磁场为5.68 T,电子注电流为27.6 A,电子注电压为69.12 kV时,回旋振荡管可同样工作于TE22,6,2模式,平均输出功率为0.21 kW,峰值功率为0.47 MW。     

三次谐波光子带隙谐振腔回旋管

分析了光子晶体谐振腔（PBGC）的模式选择功能,实现PBGC回旋管振荡器高阶电磁模与高次电子回旋模的有效耦合。通过对PBGC禁带特性的分析,定出了工作模式TE34模,并成功抑制了模式竞争。文中建立了PBGC回旋管的等效半径的概念,完成了自洽非线性理论和相关的计算机数值模拟程序。研究发现TE34模能有效地与电子的3次回旋谐波相互作用,其耦合频率为130.5GHz,并极大地降低了对工作磁场的要求。在考虑诸多物理因素影响的情况下,对该3次谐波PBGC回旋管振荡器进行了参数优化研究,得到了参数为：电压430kV、电流35A、磁场1.84T、输出功率1.75MW、互作用效率11.5%的3次谐波TE34模PBGC回旋管振荡器。     

大功率太赫兹回旋管的腔体分析与模拟

以0.3 THz回旋管为研究对象,对 TE06模回旋管腔体进行理论分析和起振电流的计算,以避免模式竞争的出现。对选取的电参数进行粒子模拟仿真,在10 kV和300 mA条件下得到 TE06模输出、平均输出功率为152 W及输出频率为299.5 GHz的模拟结果,并对不同磁场和不同电流情况下输出功率进行了分析,为太赫兹回旋管的研制提供参考。     

W波段低电压三次谐波回旋振荡管

回旋振荡管采用三次谐波工作方式的互作用磁场只有基波状态磁场的三分之一,可有效降低设计难度,具有广阔的应用前景。通过对三段式单腔结构的耦合系数、起振电流、高频场分布、模式竞争以及注波互作用研究,确定了工作模式为TE03的W波段低电压三次谐波回旋振荡管的基本工作参数;通过粒子模拟软件(PIC)模拟分析,在电子注电压、注电流及速度比分别为35 kV、4 A和1.6时,在93.7 GHz频点处获得15.57 kW的输出功率,效率约11.1%,且该管可在此工作模式下稳定工作。     

Ka波段高功率基波回旋速调管高频系统研究

对Ka波段、工作模式为TE021,模的基波高功率回旋速调管的高频结构进行了研究.讨论了群聚腔两端突变对TE02模反射相位和幅值,以及绕射产生的TE01模的相位和幅值的影响;TE01模相干迭加效应和对TE02模场分布形式的影响,通过粒子模拟计算研究了最具破坏性的杂模.优化设计了腔体的尺寸,使得既降低了TE01模对工作模TE02模的影响又有效抑制了最具破坏性的杂模,并得到了34GHz的TE021模四腔回旋速调管放大器设计方案.PIC计算表明:在工作电压70kV,注电流20A,电子横纵向速度比为1.5时,中心频率33.97GHz,输出功率720kW,相对带宽1.5%,电子效率51.4%,饱和增益大干49.7dB.     

28GHz二次谐波回旋振荡管的自洽非线性计算

中等功率的连续波回旋管在工业领域有着重要的应用前景．本文对工作在28GHz频率的工业应用回旋振荡管进行了自洽非线性计算．结果表明,在二次谐波工作条件下,选取TE02模式,当电压为32kV、电流为6A时,可以获得连续波输出功率-50kW,效率-28％．     

一种同轴波导TE01模到圆波导TE02模变换器的数值模拟

该文对一种同轴波导TE01(°)模到圆波导TE02(°)模变换器进行数值模拟研究.通过分析同轴波导与圆波导对接产生的模式转换效果,探讨尖劈模式变换段改善工作模式转换系数和工作频带以及抑制寄生模式的作用.利用Ansoft HFSS对模型进行的数值模拟计算结果表明,这种结构能够实现最大将89.3%输入信号能量转换到TE02(°)模,-3dB带宽约820MHz,带内对主要干扰模式TE01(°)的抑制在10dB以上.     

Ka波段TE_（01）模回旋速调管带新型渐变段输出腔设计

利用正余弦拟合的方法和半径渐变波导的耦合波理论,设计出一种Ka波段TE01模回旋速调管带该新型渐变段输出腔。通过Matlab数值计算和HFSS仿真优化,研究了该新型渐变段的传输参数、反射参数、对杂模的抑制等性能指标。仿真结果表明：在渐变段长度为80mm、口径由14mm变化到32mm的情况下,在33～35GHz的范围内该新型渐变的传输参数大于-0.016dB,反射参数小于-55dB,对TE02模的耦合为-25dB和对TE03模抑制在-55dB以下;而该输出腔的中心频率为34.075GHz,Q值为109.6,工作模式TE01模式的模式纯度大于0.94。     

3mm二次谐波回旋振荡管设计与数值模拟

二次谐波回旋振荡管的互作用磁场比基波回旋振荡管的磁场降低了一半,从而降低了设计难度,具有广阔的应用前景。通过对单腔结构的W波段二次谐波回旋振荡管高频结构、起振电流、模式竞争以及注波互作用研究,确定了W波段TE02模二次谐波回旋振荡管的基本工作参数,通过粒子模拟(PIC)软件进行计算,在电子注电压为60kV,注电流为6A及速度比为1.5时,获得了67.5kW的输出功率和超过18%的效率,且工作稳定。     

Mode competition using TE03 gyrotron cavities

The gyrotron is a powerful source of millimetre wave radiation. Fusion applications require more power per tube than is currently available This in turn means that the resonator must be highly overmoded, with a dense mode spectrum, which leads to mode competition. The influence of external parameters, such as the applied magnetic field, electron beam, and resonator geometry, on mode competition in tubes designed to operate at 150 and 140 GHz in the TE⁰³ mode is investigated theoretically and experimentally. It can be shown that even when the mode spectrum is fairly dense, single mode operation of a gyrotron is possible. The influence of startup conditions on output power is investigated in the 150 GHz experiment. In some cases, modes with an axial index of 2 were excited.     

A 100 kW, 140 GHz pulsed gyrotron

The design and operation of a 100 kW, 140 GHz pulsed gyrotron are reported. To our knowledge, this is the highest frequency at which high gyrotron output power (>-100 kW) has been achieved. Results are presented for gyrotron operation in the range of magnetic field from 4 to 7 T, voltage from 23 to 80 kV and current up to 7.5 A. Near a value of magnetic field of 5.4 T, and output power of 100 kW was obtained at 140.4 GHz in single mode operation in the TE₀₃₁ resonator mode.     

太赫兹二次谐波回旋振荡器时域多模分析

推导了时域多模公式并结合频域单模理论对394 GHz二次谐波回旋管进行了模式激励及模式互作用分析.当工作电压为15 kV,工作磁场为7.185 T,工作电流为0.25 A时,在频域单模稳态计算中TE_(261-)~2不能起振,工作模式TE_(261+)~2达到稳定振荡;时域多模仿真结果显示TE_(261+)~2和TE_(261-)~2均能在393.87 GH稳定振荡,TE_(261+)~2在最终振荡中占主导地位,其输出功率和效率分别为136.8 W、3.6%,两者获得的工作模式的输出特性完全吻合.     

Second harmonic operation at 460 GHz and broadband continuous frequency tuning of a gyrotron oscillator

We report the short-pulse operation of a 460 GHz gyrotron oscillator both at the fundamental (near 230 GHz) and second harmonic (near 460 GHz) of electron cyclotron resonance. During operation in a microsecond pulse length regime with 13-kV beam voltage and 110-mA beam current, the instrument generates several watts of power in two second harmonic modes, the TE/sub 2,6,1/ at 456.15 GHz and the TE/sub 0,6,1/ at 458.56 GHz. Operation in the fundamental modes, including the TE/sub 0,3,1/ mode at 237.91 GHz and the TE/sub 2,3,1/ at 233.15 GHz, is observed at output powers up to 70 W. Further, we demonstrate broadband continuous frequency tuning of the fundamental modes of the oscillator over a range of more than 2 GHz through variation of the magnetic field alone. We interpret these results in terms of smooth transitions between higher order axial modes of the resonator. The 460 GHz gyrotron is currently being processed for continuous duty operation, where it will serve as a microwave source for sensitivity-enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance (dynamic nuclear polarization) studies at 16 T (700 MHz /sup 1/H), a field strength which is two-fold higher than has been accessible with previous technology.     

Excitation of transverse electric modes in axially extracted virtual cathode oscillator

An experimental investigation of an axially extracted virtual cathode oscillator is presented. The effect of the external magnetic field on the microwave output is studied. Maximum output power of 5+or-2 MW in the transverse electric (TE) modes is obtained. The microwaves are generated by the transmitted electron flow and the frequency ranges between 9.5 and 15 GHz.<>     

A W-band Third Harmonic Gyrotron with an Iris Cavity

The design and experimental results of a W-band gyrotron operating at the third cyclotron harmonic are presented. The gyrotron is designed to operate at the TE₆₁ mode, which is significantly distinct from competing modes. An iris cavity is employed for the purpose of trapping the third harmonic mode more effectively and lowering its start current. In the experiment, the gyrotron is drived by a triode magnetron injection gun (MIG) which can produce a 45 kV, 3 A electron beam. When maximum axial magnetic field is 1.22 T, a single mode third harmonic gyrotron radiation is observed with the frequency of 94.86 GHz. The maximum output power is 5.5 kW, corresponding to an efficiency of 4%. Another third harmonic mode TE₀₂ is also detected at 88.8 GHz, with maximum output power of 1.5 kW.     

Tunable 35–200GHz,high power,gyrotron

The extended frequency tuning range of the Strathclyde University gyrotron is demonstrated. The gyrotron consisted of a field-immersed, field emission cold cathode and a shaped anode cavity. The cavity was oversized with an ill-defined boundary at one end. This system could therefore support the oscillation of a very large number of TE_pqs modes. The maser was thus highly tunable via differential mode excitation. A heterodyne technique was used to demonstrate the maser oscillation in the Ka-band (26.5–40GHz), with the maser oscillating at 35GHz in the TE₀₁ mode. Previous to this a quasi-optical diffraction grating spectrometer was used to show the maser was oscillating under different conditions respectively, single and multi-mode in the W-band (75–110GHz) and multi-mode in the G-band (140–220GHz). To control the output beam a quasi-optical mode converter has been successfully developed. This converts various TE_pq modes into a Gaussian beam. Studying the output of the maser, the mm-wave pulse has been shown to consist of a ～100ns envelope containing ～2ns pulses spaced ～5ns apart. Although this behaviour may have several explanations, some of the most recent code simulations predict this behaviour as a result of mode beating in the complex transient start-up of the maser oscillation. Since this gyrotron not only supports many transverse modes, but also several longitudinal modes, such beating is a likely consequence.     

带状电子注驱动的准光谐振腔回旋管

回旋管作为一种重要的真空电子源，能够在毫米波和太赫兹频段生成高峰值以及高平均功率的电磁辐射，在波谱学、雷达、通信、生物医学等领域具有广泛的应用前景。传统的回旋管将不可避免地面对激烈的模式竞争问题，引入准光谐振腔将有望大大减小模式竞争的激烈程度。本文基于电子回旋脉塞理论，将准光谐振腔及带状电子注进行结合，以期实现更高的输出功率及效率。仿真结果表明，在电子电压为40 kV，背景磁场为8.4 T时，设计的准光回旋管能在220 GHz频点处产生6.1 kW的输出，电子效率达到6.1%且在一段时间内能稳定运行。本文结构将可能为高频段乃至高次谐波工作的回旋管设计提供全新方案，从而进一步用于通信、雷达等领域。