线性调频信号时/频差估计算法

提出了一种新的快速估计线性调频信号时/频差的算法.该算法将抽取的自模糊函数与Radon变换结合估计线性调频信号的调频率, 通过分数阶傅里叶变换估计出模糊函数脊线与频率轴交点位置, 应用解调频沿脊线搜索模糊函数峰值.对于接收信号中存在多分量的情况, 根据其模糊函数脊线位置的不同, 该算法能够分辨各分量信号, 并分别精确估计出各分量的时/频差.由于只需一维搜索模糊函数峰值, 并可用快速傅里叶变换实现, 该算法大大减少了运算量.仿真实验表明, 随着信噪比的提高, 该算法估计的时/频差均方误差逐渐逼近克拉美-罗下界.     

Parameter Estimation of LFM Signals Based on Scaled Ambiguity Function

A method based on the scaled ambiguity function for parameter estimation of LFM signals under noncooperative conditions is presented. In the proposed algorithm, the scaling principle is employed to remove the linear frequency migration brought by the coupling between the time variable and the lag variable. Afterward, the Fourier transform is performed for feature extraction of LFM signals on the centroid frequency versus chirp rate plane. The method avoids centroid frequency information loss, which is almost inevitable in the Radon-ambiguity transform. Furthermore, fractional lower-order statistics and the scaled ambiguity transform are combined to improve the performance in practical impulsive noise environments. Simulation results show that the fractional lower-order scaled ambiguity transform is robust for both Gaussian and impulsive noise, and it achieves significant performance improvement in a heavy noise environment.     

复杂噪声环境下基于LVD的LFM信号参数估计

针对传统的线性调频(LFM)信号参数估计方法平滑交叉项时,会出现参数估计精度降低和计算复杂度增加等问题,该文引入LVD(LVs Distribution)方法,该方法可以在参数空间直接显示中心频率和调频斜率(CFCR)。LVD首先对对称参数瞬时自相关函数(PSIAF)进行尺度变换,消除信号在时间轴上的线性频率偏移,然后对尺度变换后的时间变量作2维傅里叶变换,将1维LFM信号转化为2维单频信号。信号各分量在LVD平面表现为多个独立尖峰,使交叉项的能量聚集影响可忽略不计,且信号各峰值所在位置对应于各信号分量的中心频率和调频斜率。LVD可有效抑制高斯噪声,但在脉冲性较强的稳定分布噪声中,该方法在CFCR域的性能退化甚至失效。对此,该文结合分数低阶统计量理论,提出一种稳定分布噪声环境下的分数低阶LVD新方法。仿真实验表明该方法在高斯噪声和脉冲噪声环境下均可稳定工作,具有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于LFM 信号相位/ 调频率调制的探通一体化共享信号设计

探通一体化是雷达对抗复杂电磁干扰的一种重要手段,其中基于线性调频(LFM)信号的共享信号设计是实现探通一体化的关键技术之一。文中提出了一种LFM 信号相位/ 调频斜率调制的探通一体化共享信号设计方法,通过设计附加相位或调频斜率以实现基准LFM 信号的调制,构建一个具有良好自相关和互相关性能的共享信号库。仿真给出了共享信号设计参数的选取依据,并分析了其探测及通信性能,证明了其在目标检测及通信应用中的优势。     

基于尺度变换的宽带线性调频信号时差/尺度差估计算法

提出了一种基于尺度变换的宽带线性调频信号时差和尺度差的快速算法.根据两路接收到的线性调频信号间调频率之比为尺度差的平方的特点,利用分数阶傅里叶变换分别估计出两路信号的调频率,即可获得尺度差的估计.将估计的尺度差对一路信号进行伸缩,并计算伸缩后信号与另一接收信号的时域相关,根据相关峰的位置估计出时差.相比于传统基于宽带互模糊函数的方法,该方法避免了二维搜索宽带互模糊函数的峰值,只需若干次快速傅里叶变换即可实现,能够显著降低运算量.仿真结果显示该方法在高信噪比下逐渐接近克拉美-罗下界.     

An Integral Transform and Its Applications in Parameter Estimation of LFM Signals

This paper proposes a new transform called simplified linear canonical transform (SLCT) that provides a new method for parameter estimation of linear frequency-modulated (LFM) chirp signals embedded in additive white Gaussian noise. The proposed transform is a linear transform and has a more succinct form as compared with the fractional Fourier transform (FRFT). The discrete SLCT with fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm provides a computationally fast choice for LFM signal detection or parameter estimation. Using SLCT and a clean technique, all the components of Multi-LFM signals can be estimated seriatim. Simulations illustrate that the proposed algorithm is more effective than existing ones.     

基于ST-FRFT的非合作水声脉冲信号检测方法

为解决非合作条件下水声脉冲信号检测与参数估计的难题,本文提出了一种基于短时分数阶傅里叶变换（ST-FRFT）的检测方法。线性调频（LFM）和单频（CW）脉冲信号是最常见的两种水下声脉冲信号,在非合作条件下,信号参数信息的缺失使得不能直接采用匹配滤波检测方法,傅里叶变换（FT）对CW信号具有良好的检测增益,但对LFM信号检测增益下降,尤其是具有较大调制率的LFM信号。分数阶傅里叶变换（FRFT）对LFM信号具有良好的能量聚集性特点,有利于LFM信号的检测,并且包含了Fourier变换,同样适用于CW信号的检测。为了同时获得接收信号的时域和频域特征,设计了基于短时分数阶傅里叶变换（ST-FRFT）的检测器,可以实现信号参数未知的情况下对LFM和CW信号的截获检测。理论分析了ST-FRFT与STFT方法针对LFM信号和CW信号的检测性能,基于FT的方法对LFM信号的处理增益受到调制率的影响,相对于CW信号增益下降,并且随窗长呈非线性变化,非合作条件下难以获得最佳窗长,而FRFT对LFM信号可以获得近似匹配滤波的处理增益,提高了LFM信号的检测性能。仿真结果和湖试数据处理结果验证了理论分析的正确性与该方法的有效性。      

基于积分二次相位函数和分数阶Fourier变换的多分量LFM信号参数估计

针对高斯白噪声中多分量线性调频信号参数估计问题,提出了一种基于积分二次相位函数（IQPF）和分数阶Fourier变换的新方法。分析了IQPF估计线性调频信号调频率的原理,指出IQPF有压制弱信号的缺点。为解决强度相差较大的多分量线性调频信号中弱分量信号的参数估计问题,提出利用分数阶Fourier变换域的信号分离技术,逐次估计强信号分量的参数并将其消去,来提高多分量信号参数估计的可靠性。最后通过计算机仿真,验证了该方法的有效性。这种方法与Radon-Winger变换法、Radon-Ambiguity变换法和单纯的分数阶Fourier变换法相比,极大的简化了计算。因此,该方法非常适合于多分量LFM信号的快速参数估计。      

时空欠采样线性调频信号参数及其二维到达角联合估计

针对宽频段(2-18GHz)内非平稳来波信号的参数估计和测向问题,提出一种时空欠采样线性调频信号参数与二维到达角联合估计方法。该方法首先用时域解线调方法估计调频斜率,然后在分数阶傅里叶变换(FRFT)域进行滤波,实现信号提取。利用参考阵元及其延时通道进行无模糊初始频率估计,通过构建FRFT波束空间阵列模型实现无模糊测向。数值仿真表明,该方法能够实现宽频段内多个线性调频信号的参数和二维到达角精确估计,在低信噪比下仍有较好的估计性能。     

线性调频信号快速检测与参数估计算法研究

讨论一种基于RAT的LFM信号快速检测算法。根据信号模糊函数的能量分布特性,首先采用二分法快速逼近信号能量中心分布区域,然后进行小范围高精度搜索,以精确估计其调频斜率。仿真结果表明,该算法在保持有效检测性能的条件下可大大降低运算量,显著提高对LFM信号的实时检测处理速度。     

Ambiguity-function-based techniques to estimate DOA of broadband chirp signals

Various methods are available to perform direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for random sources. However, the work on DOA estimation of deterministic sources, such as broadband chirp signals, is quite limited. This paper proposes two novel methods for broadband chirp DOA estimation (BCD), namely the incoherent broadband chirp DOA estimation (BCD-I) and coherent broadband chirp DOA estimation (BCD-C). The proposed methods exploit the time-frequency structure of the chirp signal via the ambiguity function, which converts the absolute time and frequency of the chirp signal into relative time lag and frequency difference. The algorithms can be applied to arrays of any aperture size and arbitrary chirp rate signals. The signal frequency of the source can be higher than the conventional array design frequency, and the number of sources can be greater than the number of sensors as long as the signals are separable in the ambiguity function plane. These methods can be applied to single or multiple chirps with the same or different chirp rates. The performance analysis shows that our algorithms generally provide improvements in the DOA estimation of the broadband chirp sources.     

多分量线性调频信号检测方法

现代雷达体制下,线形调频(LFM)信号是一种常用的脉冲压缩雷达信号。为了精确获取多分量线性调频信号中分量的数量,引入聚类方法对LFM信号的Radon-时频分析结果进行聚类分析,同时完成多个分量的检测；为了减少聚类分析的输入数据集和提高计算效率,对Radon-时频分析结果进行了近似零均值处理,并分析了不同信噪比情况下的处理结果。仿真和试验结果表明：在较低信噪比条件下,这种方法可有效地检测多分量LFM信号中分量数和进行参数估计。     

基于拉伸处理的宽带频域接收波束形成方法

为了抑制宽带干扰信号,提出了一种基于频域的宽带接收波束形成方法。该方法针对线性调频信号,在对接收信号做拉伸处理和窄带滤波之后,进行傅立叶变换划分为许多窄带,然后对不同频带的信号按窄带方法（例如采样矩阵求逆法）接收波束形成。与传统的频域方法相比,大大降低了数据率和计算量,易于工程实现;与拉伸处理波束形成方法相比,该方法能有效抑制宽带干扰,阵列输出信号干扰噪声比高。最后计算机仿真证实了新方法的有效性。     

Efficient Detection of Chirp Signals Based on the Fourth-Order Origin Moment of Fractional Spectrum

A novel detection algorithm for chirp signals based on the fourth-order origin moment of fractional spectrum (OMFrS) is presented. The fourth-order OMFrS of a chirp signal in discrete form is first deduced. By using the rough search result and the symmetric property of the fourth-order OMFrS of the chirp signal, the difference between the theoretical optimal transform angle and the detected result is calculated, and a more accurate estimation is obtained. Compared to the existing one-step search and two-step search methods, the proposed algorithm achieves better accuracy with high detection speed. Simulation results were given to prove the advantages of this new approach.     

基于去斜滤波与稀疏恢复的探干一体化系统直达波抑制技术

探测干扰一体化系统通过波形一体化设计,利用无典型雷达信号特征的干扰信号进行探测,共享波形、频率、时间、孔径等资源,极大提升了系统资源的综合利用率。然而,为实现有效干扰,探测干扰一体化波形在频段上会与对方雷达信号有所重叠,一体化设备探测回波会受到由对方雷达发射信号带来的强直达波影响,造成探测性能的严重恶化。本文考虑探干一体化系统与线性调频雷达对抗的场景,提出了两种直达波抑制算法（去斜频域滤波与稀疏恢复）。在第一种算法中,通过分数阶傅里叶变换（Fractional Fourier Transform,FRFT）估计对方线性调频直达波调频斜率,构造回波去斜函数,将直达波分量变换为点频信号后通过频率滤波进行滤除。在第二种算法中,以去斜滤波方法作为预处理步骤,针对直达波功率强时去斜滤波带来的回波能量损失问题,利用稀疏恢复的方法恢复损失信号,进一步提升了探干一体化系统的探测能力。通过仿真和实测结果验证了算法可行性。     

一种基于短时傅里叶变换的机载SAR自聚焦算法

短时傅里叶变换(Short-Time Fourier Transform, STFT)是研究非平稳信号最为广泛使用的重要方法。该文在讨论了利用STFT对线性调频信号(LFM)进行滤波以及调频率估计后,提出一种基于STFT的机载SAR自聚焦算法。该算法首先利用STFT对影响SAR图像质量的主要相位误差二次相位误差(QPE)进行估计和补偿,然后在残余相位误差估计时利用STFT对时变信号进行滤波以提高信杂比(SCR)。仿真和实测数据的处理结果验证了该文算法的有效性。     

Fan filters, the 3-D Radon transform, and image sequence analysis

This paper develops a theory for the application of fan filters to moving objects. In contrast to previous treatments of the subject based on the 3-D Fourier transform, simplicity and insight are achieved by using the 3-D Radon transform. With this point of view, the Radon transform decomposes the image sequence into a set of plane waves that are parameterized by a two-component slowness vector. Fan filtering is equivalent to a multiplication in the Radon transform domain by a slowness response function, followed by an inverse Radon transform. The plane wave representation of a moving object involves only a restricted set of slownesses such that the inner product of the plane wave slowness vector and the moving object velocity vector is equal to one. All of the complexity in the application of fan filters to image sequences results from the velocity-slowness mapping not being one-to-one; therefore, the filter response cannot be independently specified at all velocities. A key contribution of this paper is to elucidate both the power and the limitations of fan filtering in this new application. A potential application of 3-D fan filters is in the detection of moving targets in clutter and noise. For example, an appropriately designed fan filter can reject perfectly all moving objects whose speed, irrespective of heading, is less than a specified cut-off speed, with only minor attenuation of significantly faster objects. A simple geometric construction determines the response of the filter for speeds greater than the cut-off speed.     

基于支持向量聚类的多分量线性调频信号检测

为了精确获取多分量线性调频(Linear FM, LFM)信号中分量的数量,该文引入支持向量聚类(Support Vector Clustering, SVC)算法对LFM信号的Radon-时频分析结果进行聚类分析,完成多个分量的检测;并通过减少SVC算法中输入集样本数量和改进聚类标识方法为直接聚类标识法,提高了SVC算法的计算效率。仿真结果表明:在较低信噪比条件下,Radon-时频分析和SVC结合的方法可有效地检测多分量LFM信号中分量数和进行参数估计。     

基于组合CPF变换的混合低阶相位调制信号参数估计

由线性调频信号（LFM）、三阶多项式相位调制信号（QFM）混合而成的信号在三阶相位函数随机变换（RCT算法）下可实现相位参数估计,但是当信号参数相近时算法存在峰值干扰现象。针对此情况,提出一种组合CPF变换,首先通过ICPF算法估计LFM信号相位参数,然后利用估计得到的参数重构LFM信号,以消去混合信号中的LFM信号,再通过RCT算法估计剩余QFM信号的相位参数。仿真实验表明,相较于传统RCT算法,组合CPF变换方法能够抑制信号间干扰,对混合信号具有更好的估计精度。