Approximation techniques for the mutual admittance of slot antennas on metallic cones

The effect of scattering from a sharp tip on mutual admittance is investigated for pairs of circumferential and radial slots on a semi-infinite metallic cone. Mutual coupling measurements as a function frequency and angular separation are presented and compared with numerical calculations. The base of the conical model used in the experimental study was terminated in a spherical cap to minimize scattering from the finite length of the apparatus. The circumferential slot results illustrate interference effects between the direct coupling from slot-to-slot via the geodesic path over the conical surface and the tip back scattering. For the radial slot configuration, the results exhibit negligible tip scattering effects. The analysis utilizes a computer calculation of mutual coupling between circumferential and axial slots on an equivalent cylinder to predict the direct coupling contribution and utilizes the tip diffraction coefficient for calculating the component scattered by the apex. The tip diffraction coefficient is derived from an asymptotic expression for the tip-scattered component of the surface magnetic field excited on a semi-infinite conical surface.     

Radiation field consideration of biconical horn antenna withdifferent flare angles

The radiation fields of a biconical horn antenna with different flare angles are computed from both the fields of an equivalent Huygens source on the spherical-surface aperture and the infinite biconical horn antenna with spherical transverse electromagnetic wave. Numerical data and experimental results are first presented for the symmetrical biconical horn antenna ka=1.57 and 3.14 (where k is the propagation constant and a=cone length) with equal flare angle. Curves of the beamwidth versus cone length are then given for various flare angles. At flare angles above 75°, the beamwidth increases with the cone length, while at flare angles below about 75°, the beamwidth decreases with the cone length in this region of ka. For the asymmetrical biconical horn antenna, with two different flare angles (including a conical coaxial type and a discone type), the numerical and the experimental patterns are both presented. For the asymmetrical biconical horn antenna, the pattern main lobe direction, with respect to the antenna axis, may be adjusted by using suitable flare angles     

Electron-optical properties of charged conical dielectric rings

The numerical-and-analytical model of charging the conical dielectric ring with a beam of inert gases, which is parallel to its axis and has a constant bulk density, is developed. It is shown that such a ring can be used as a lens in the charged steady state. It is shown that with an input diameter of 0.8 mm, an angle between the cone generatrix and the axis of 10^?2 rad, and a length of 1 mm, this lens has a focal distance of 3.4 mm, a spherical aberration coefficient of 760 m, and a coefficient of chromatic aberration of 14 mm. Such a lens can be used as an objective in an ion microscope, which is comparable with the best modern ion microscopes by resolution. However, such a device will be considerably cheaper.     

湍流作用下地基激光清除空间碎片的影响规律

在大气湍流作用下的基础上建立了地基激光辐照小尺度空间碎片在大气中的传输模型。利用该模型对高能脉冲激光远场激光参数与天顶角的关系作了仿真分析,论述了不同束散角下大气湍流对远场激光参数的影响规律;在此基础上,建立了高能脉冲激光在靶表面的冲量耦合模型,对铝靶在激光辐照下的冲量耦合系数与天顶角的关系进行了模拟分析,并讨论了受大气湍流影响的冲量耦合系数变化量与激光脉宽的关系。     

激光脉宽和功率密度对烧蚀性能影响研究

微纳卫星的飞速发展对微推力器的性能提出了更高的的要求。激光推进微推力器因其比冲高、推力控制精确、能耗低等特点,为微纳卫星提供了一种性能优异的微推力器选择方案。文中在透射式烧蚀模式下,研究了半导体激光器的激光功率密度和脉宽对激光烧蚀性能的影响。结果表明,在工质厚度为200 μm的工况下,随着激光功率密度的增加,单脉冲冲量和比冲都逐渐增大,而冲量耦合系数和烧蚀效率都存在一个最优值。随着激光脉宽的增加,单脉冲冲量逐渐增加,比冲呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,在250 μs时,比冲达到最大值,约为221.8 s;冲量耦合系数和烧蚀效率都随着脉宽的增大而减小;脉宽超过一定的临界值时,会对激光烧蚀工质的靶坑产生不良影响,使得激光能量和工质严重浪费。激光参数的优化对于激光推进微推力器的工程化应用提供了参考。     

The Conical Antenna as a Sensor or Probe

The electrically small wide-angled spherically capped conical monopole is shown to have frequency-related properties closely resembling those of the electrically thin cylindrical dipole. It is frequency-independent when used to measure the time derivative of the electric field when it is connected to a matched load and kL = kl( 1 + ?0) ? 1. Here/is the radius of the conical surface and ?0 is half of the angle subtended by the cone. Graphs are shown for ?0 470° = 0.82 rad for which the characteristic impedance is 50 ?.     

Conical beam control of quadrifilar helical antennas

The conical beam control of quadrifilar helical antennas with a fixed helical arm length is investigated. By adjusting a portion of the antenna height to vary the pitch angle, the elevation angle of the beam direction can be controlled with an almost constant gain. It is found that the elevation angle of the beam direction varies in proportion to the pitch angle     

脉冲激光大光斑辐照空间碎片冲量耦合特性研究

开展了脉冲激光大光斑辐照空间碎片冲量耦合特性研究,即激光烧蚀光斑尺寸略小于碎片尺寸下的冲量耦合特性,对比实验研究了平面状碎片在激光大光斑辐照和小光斑辐照下的冲量耦合特性,以及大光斑辐照下光斑尺寸和形状因素对冲量耦合特性的影响规律,并结合实验研究结论验证了理论研究的合理性。研究结果表明:相同激光功率密度下小光斑辐照比大光斑辐照的冲量耦合系数高;大光斑辐照下冲量耦合系数主要受激光功率密度影响,光斑尺寸对冲量耦合系数的影响较小;采用大光斑辐照下冲量耦合系数的理论计算结果更接近于实验结果。上述实验研究成果对激光辐照不规则空间碎片理论研究具有一定的实验指导意义。     

Impulse response prediction based on experimental mode coupling coefficient in a 10-km long graded-index fiber

Mode coupling coefficients and impulse responses in a multimode graded-index fiber are investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Mode coupling coefficient measurements at 1.27 μm are made for a fiber before and after nylon coating. The fiber is 10 km in length and has no splicing point. The mode coupling coefficient change due to nylon coating is found to be relatively small. In the nylon-coated fiber, the coefficient increases monotonically as increasing a principal mode number, and the tendency is in good agreement with the theoretical prediction considering random bends along the fiber axis. With the increase in mode coupling coefficient and 0.01 dB/km of excess loss by nylon coating, 2.7 percent of increase in 3-dB bandwidth is observed. This increase in 3-dB bandwidth is explained by the theoretical calculation. The length dependence of 3-dB bandwidth exhibits a small mode mixing effect in the fiber. By the theoretical predictions based on the experimental mode coupling coefficients, the coupling length is estimated to be 25 km. It is also clarified that the length dependence of 3-dB bandwidth shows the L^-0.5characteristic forL > 200km.     

A conical microstrip antenna with uniform substrate

A novel conical microstrip antenna with uniform substrate is investigated. The far field radiation patterns of wraparound microstrip antennas mounted on such a structure are studied theoretically. Results for a wraparound antenna of half-wavelength in width excited by TM₀₁ are given, which are verified accurate and efficient by the ones of wraparound cylindrical antennas when the cone angle is very small.     

Phase velocity on a conical two-armed logarithmic foil-type spiral antenna

From an experimental investigation of the foil-type kind of a conical, logarithmic spiral antenna, the relative phase velocity along the antenna arm as a function of the cone angle has been found. It is probable that a reduction of the antenna length by one half can be achieved by using a special dielectric loading.     

Electromagnetic scattering from finite circular and elliptic cones

A formulation based on the physical theory of diffraction (PTD) is presented for finite conical surfaces with circular and elliptic cross sections. The base-rim discontinuity is represented by equivalent currents, including second-order terms extended for elliptic boundaries. Tip-rim interactions are examined as a function of the tip-rim distance, cone angle, and illumination angle for circular cones; and their implication for elliptic cones is noted. The diffraction contribution from tip-rim interactions is shown to be dependent on the cone angle and the illumination angle but to be relatively insensitive to the tip-rim distance. The Fock Ansatz is used to enlarge the validity of the PTD formulation to cases where nonspecular effects arising from surface curvature and shadow boundaries are significant. The formulation is applied to cones with varying ellipticity for axial and oblique illumination. Correlation is made with published results for circular cones and with experimental data for an elliptic cone.     

空间光通信系统发射光束准直特性研究

提出一种前端直接耦合光纤平凸透镜的聚合物直光锥光准直系统.通过具体地对直光锥的端体结构参数进行优化设计以得到高耦合效率准直精度的直接耦合式聚合物直光准直系统.并利用光线传输理论和仿真实验,论证了直光锥的锥角和锥长准直效能的较大影响.结果表明,选择合适的锥角和锥长能达到十微弧度级准直精度,能较好地满足空间光通信系统远距离发射和接收对于光束质量的要求.此外,理论数值和仿真实验同样验证了该直接耦合式直光准直系统对于较大发散角的发散光束具有较好准直效果.     

金属腔体多耦合通道电磁特性研究

实际金属腔体常开有多个通道,使得腔内电磁环境变得复杂。以分析腔体多通道耦合电磁特性为出发点,建立平面波入射下矩形、圆柱腔体实例模型,引入对比系数作为评价手段,侧重研究孔缝、贯穿线缆两种耦合通道对腔内电磁场的影响,寻求共性规律。结果表明:腔外线缆长度变化不影响谐振点出现位置,随长度增加腔体屏蔽效能(SE)下降;腔内线缆随长度增加,谐振频率降低,两腔体具有如上共性结论。基于给定的模型及参数设定,通过比较系数可判断矩形腔体450 MHz 之前线缆耦合为主;贯穿线较长时, 510 MHz 之前圆柱腔体线缆耦合为主;贯穿线较短时,两个局部频点之外的其它频段孔缝耦合为主;涂覆磁损耗型吸波材料提升腔体SE 效果最好,且SE越低,提升效果越明显。     

脉冲数目和重复频率对纳秒激光推进的影响

以抛物形点聚焦激光推进器模型为研究对象,数值模拟了脉冲重复频率在2~50Hz范围内吸气式多脉冲纳秒激光推进的流场演变过程,分析了脉冲数目和重复频率对推进性能的影响。结果表明:随着脉冲数目的增加,喷管内气体密度减小、温度升高,导致平均冲量耦合系数下降,但纳秒脉冲激光作用获得的平均冲量耦合系数明显高于微秒脉冲激光;相同脉冲数目条件下,随着脉冲重复频率的增大,流场恢复时间缩短,使得流场状态不能及时恢复,导致平均冲量耦合系数下降,其中脉冲重复频率f10 Hz时的下降趋势明显大于f10 Hz。     

纳秒激光烧蚀液态工质冲量耦合特性研究

激光微推进技术是利用激光与物质相互作用产生的力学效应实现推进的一种新的激光动力的电推进技术。液态工质是激光微推进工质选择的最新热点,其与激光相互作用所形成的冲量耦合特性决定了液态工质激光微推进性能的好坏。利用激光干涉差动测量微小冲量的扭摆装置,以聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(GAP)、单组元凝胶推进剂(单推-3)和甘油为工质,测量注入不同激光能量条件下,所形成的冲量和冲量耦合系数大小,进而针对冲量耦合性能较好的GAP 工质,测量了比冲和烧蚀效率。结果表明:液态GAP 冲量耦合特性较好,冲量耦合系数一般在500 uN/W 以上,最高可达1 493.0 uN/W,但是,比冲和烧蚀效率较低,比冲最高仅为140 s,烧蚀效率为37.6%。     

光纤倏逝波传感器探针灵敏度分析

针对直线型光纤探针结构特点,从倏逝波场能量的角度对探针的灵敏度进行理论建模,推导出探针平均倏逝波吸收系数的表达式.在此基础上从探针锥型长度与纤芯半径的匹配关系、入射角度、溶液折射率这几个方面对灵敏度的影响进行实例计算.计算结果表明:在探针长度一定时,合理的选择锥型长度与纤芯半径能有效地提高探针灵敏度,实例中最高有接近69倍的差别.同时入射角越靠近全反射角,溶液折射率越大,则探针的灵敏度越高.最后通过实验研究表明,实验结果与理论计算具有一致性.     

电磁波激励下天线的响应特性分析

应用互易定理推导出了电磁波激励下天线的耦合长度和耦合面积的表达式,这两个物理量可以表征天线的响应特性.针对对称振子天线,在不同来波照射方向和端接不同带宽的接收机这两种情况下,计算获得了耦合长度和耦合面积.计算结果表明,工作频率为2GHz的对称振子天线的耦合长度随着接收机带宽的变化在频率f=2 4n (GHz) (n=0,1,2...)或f=4n (GHz) (n=1,2...)附近出现谐振峰;而耦合面积随来波入射角度的增大而增大,随接收机带宽的减小而减小.     

离焦量对等离子体冲击波力学效应的影响

为研究激光等离子体冲击波力学效应受入射激光及环境因素的影响,利用波长1．06μm,脉冲能量320 mJ,脉宽10 ns的Nd;YAG激光作用在Al靶上,研究了冲量耦合系数(C_m)和离焦量(Z)之间的关系。实验发现在1．01×10~5 Pa情况下,初始时C_m随Z增大而增大,到Z=-12 mm附近达到最大值;而后C_m随Z增大而减小。在4000 Pa时,C_m随Z的变化关系与1．01×10~5 Pa时相似,但峰值位置后移。离焦量不同时,由于作用激光的功率密度不同而影响等离子体屏蔽效果;光斑大小不同将影响稀疏波作用,且离焦量正负不同时激光等离子体冲击波对靶的作用机制也明显不同,这些因素决定了离焦量对等离子体冲击波力学效应的影响。     

地基激光辐照近地轨道小尺度空间碎片作用规律研究

通过研究脉冲激光与铝靶碎片的膨胀运动以及冲量耦合的相互作用,仿真分析了铝靶碎片在等离子体作用下的速度和压力时空分布规律以及冲量耦合系数与激光功率密度之间的定量关系;在此基础上,建立了基于地基的脉冲激光辐照近地轨道小尺度空间碎片动力学变轨仿真模型,模拟研究了近地轨道小尺度空间碎片移除过程中轨道偏心率与近地点高度随激光脉冲数目变化的影响规律。结果表明:在最优冲量耦合系数作用下,当脉冲数目达到180次轨道偏心率为0.071时,基于此文的条件可实现近地轨道小尺度空间碎片的有效移除。预期成果可为高能激光移除近地空间碎片技术的应用提供技术指导。