Soliton shape stabilization in a superlattice with next-to-nearest neighbor spectrum in a field of a nonlinear wave

The effect of an electric field of a nonlinear (cnoidal) electromagnetic wave (pumping field) upon the shape of the solitary electromagnetic wave (soliton) in the quantum semiconductor superlattice with two harmonics of the electron spectrum is studied. Propagation of electromagnetic waves is shown in this case to be described by the modified double sine-Gordon equation. The possibility of the amplification of the pulse and its transformation into the dissipative soliton is noticed. The speed and width of a soliton depend on the presence of the second harmonic in the superlattice electron energy spectrum. The dependence of the dissipative soliton parameters on temperature and pumping field amplitude is also noticed. The possibility of propagation of electromagnetic waves described by solutions of the modified sine-Gordon equation in the superlattice with the spectrum under study is found.     

Differences in the Impurity Ionization in Quasi-Classically Strong Constant and Alternating Electric Fields in a Two-Dimensional Superlattice Based on Graphene

Semiconductors - The coefficient of the absorption of an electromagnetic wave in a two-dimensional superlattice based on graphene, in the presence of a constant electric field for the case of...     

强电磁脉冲电离大气三维FDTD仿真

强电磁脉冲在大气中传播时会导致大气分子电离,且电离气体又会反作用于传播的电磁波,因此是 一个传播状态动态实时变化的物理过程。要准确模拟该过程需要综合考虑电磁波传播、大气电离、带电粒子运动等 物理过程。为解决该问题,文中结合麦克斯韦方程、等离子体方程、磁流体动力学方程等,构建多物理场分析方程 组,该方程组能够考虑强电磁脉冲传播时大气电离、扩散、附着、复合等物理效应。进而结合三维时域有限差分方法 (FDTD)来构建动态仿真模型,对强电磁脉冲在大气中的传播过程进行仿真并分析其宏观大气电离效果。     

单周期超短脉冲光束的时空传输

当电偶极子以高斯脉冲形式随时间振荡时，辐射出的电磁场可以用来描写非缓变包格近似条件下单周期超短脉冲光束在自由空间中的传输特性。利用复点源模型，通过分析和计算，我们得出它的传输特性。第一，在空间传输过程中，单周期超短脉冲高期光束能流密度基本保持高斯函数不变，振幅大小随不同的z平面振荡。第二，单周期超短脉冲光束在真空中主要以光速c沿z方向传输。在传输过程中，脉冲宽度保持不变，脉冲形状演变成不对称。能流密度不再随时间作简谐振荡，它的振幅构成一个高斯形状的包络。     

超视距低空电波传播模式研究分析

文中提出了一种电波传播模式分析方法. 通过对PJ (Paulus-Jeske)波导进行参数估计,实现蒸发波导的完备性建模;采用抛物方程法分析气象环境中的二维电波传播路径损耗分布,利用最大值池化降低数据量,并采用自适应聚类分析实现电波传播模式分析,进而建立海杂波衰减规律与电波传播模式之间的映射,统计条件概率. 结果表明,蒸发波导环境下海杂波衰减与电波传播模式之间具有相关性,分析结果能够展示蒸发波导中的电波传播模式,并且能够为海杂波反演大气波导提供先验条件概率分析.     

Magnetoabsorption of the electromagnetic radiation by a two-dimensional electron gas with Rashba’s spin-orbit coupling in a heterojunction with a lateral superlattice

Absorption of linearly polarized electromagnetic radiation by a two-dimensional electron gas in a lateral-superlattice structure subjected to a perpendicular magnetic field is calculated analytically and numerically for the first time, taking into account Rashba’s spin-orbit coupling and Zeeman splitting. Calculations are carried out for semiconductor heterostructures characterized by weak and sufficiently strong spin-orbit coupling (AlGaAs/GaAs and GaAs/InGaAs, respectively). The nature of the new effect related to intense magnetoabsorption of electromagnetic radiation in the submillimeter range by a two-dimensional electron gas in a superlattice with strong spin-orbit coupling is analyzed. Magneto-optical experiments aimed at studying spin-Peierls states of charge carriers are discussed and, in this context, optimum parameters for semiconductor structures with spin-orbit coupling and values of the magnetic field are determined.     

Numerical artifacts in finite-difference time- domain algorithms analyzed by means of principal components

Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithms are affected by numerical artifacts and noise. In order to obtain better results we propose the use of the principal component analysis based on multivariate statistical techniques. It allows a straightforward discrimination between the numerical noise and the actual electromagnetic field distributions, and the quantitative estimation of their respective contributions. Besides, the FDTD results can be filtered to clean the effect of the noise. The method has been applied successfully to two dimensional simulations: propagation of a pulse in vacuum using total field-scattered field techniques, and mode computation in a two-dimensional photonic crystal. In this last case, PCA has revealed hidden electromagnetic structures related to actual modes of the photonic crystal.     

Propagation of intense microwave pulses in air and in a waveguide

The state of research on intense electromagnetic pulse propagation in air and in waveguides is reviewed. Some results obtained from recent investigations of the propagation of intense electromagnetic pulses in the atmosphere and in an air-filled waveguide when the field strength is above the threshold for air breakdown are presented. It is shown how the air breakdown affects the shape of the pulse. In addition, the accuracy of the calculational models is discussed, comparing calculations with experimental data     

Electromagnetic pulse propagation in a weakly nonlinear plasma

An investigation of the propagation of electromagnetic pulses in a weakly nonlinear, cold, collisionless plasma is described. It is found that a transverse electromagnetic pulse generates, through nonlinear effects, a small amplitude, longitudinal electric pulse field. The transient behavior of this longitudinal electric field is studied. One particular case is considered in detail: the nonlinear generation of a longitudinal electric field by a transverse electromagnetic pulse which is excited by a suddenly turned-on cosinusoidal electric field of frequencyomega_{0}. Computer plots of numerical calculations of the second-order transient longitudinal field are presented.     

昆明地区连绵起伏山体对地闪回击定位精度影响的模拟研究

为了探讨真实地形对雷电定位精度的影响,利用二维时域有限差分（two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain, 2D FDTD）算法,采取共形网格剖分技术,通过与平坦地面相比,首先研究了云南昆明地区复杂地形地貌对雷电电磁场传播的影响,然后利用时差定位算法,进一步探讨了该地区复杂地形地貌对雷电定位精度的可能影响。结果表明:1）由于复杂山体对雷电高频信号的优先衰减作用,传播路径上的山体越高大,相应的雷电电磁波波头时间越长,即信号到达时间(time of arrival, TOA)可能会延迟。从本文选取的昆明研究区域看,脉冲波形峰值到达滞后时间大概分布在4～5 μs。2）根据脉冲信号TOA的不同定义方式,无论是平坦地面还是考虑复杂地形地貌的真实地表,峰值到达法的误差最大。对假定的平坦地面而言,除了峰值到达法,绝大多数TOA时差定位偏差在200 m以内,甚至重合。但对真实传播路径而言,不同雷击点对应不同的传播路径,有的偏差在100～200 m左右,有的偏差在2 000 m左右。     

单负材料组成的周期结构中的快慢光

本文研究由介电系数和磁导率为负的材料组成的一维光子晶体中的电磁波脉冲的传播特性。利用传输矩阵的方法,计算出了该结构中脉冲传播的透射谱和相时间.数值结果表明,在光子带隙的带边和带底会分别出现脉冲传播速度减慢和加快的现象.若周期结构中间存在缺陷层,光子带隙中会出现极窄的透射峰,因此,对应于该频率的电磁波在该体系中传播时速度会变得更加缓慢.     

Study of ultrawide-band transmission in the extremely high frequency (EHF) band

The growing demand for broad-band wireless communication links and the lack of wide frequency bands within the conventional spectrum, causes us to seek bandwidth in the higher microwave and millimeter-wave spectrum at extremely high frequencies (EHF) above 30 GHz. One of the principal challenges in realizing modern wireless communication links in the EHF band are phenomena occuring during electromagnetic wave propagation through the atmosphere. A space-frequency approach for analyzing wireless communication channels operating in the EHF band is presented. Propagation of the electromagnetic radiation is studied in the frequency domain, enabling consideration of ultrawide-band modulated signals. The theory is employed for the analysis of a communication channel operating at EHF which utilizes pulse amplitude modulated signals. The atmospheric absorptive and dispersive effects on pulse propagation delay, pulse width and distortion are discussed. The theory and model are demonstrated in a study of ultrashort-pulse transmission at 60 GHz.     

阵列辐射瞬态电磁脉冲能量合成特性研究

根据单元天线辐射瞬态电磁脉冲轴线能量传输特性的解析解,提出了阵列辐射瞬态电磁脉冲的点源近似模型,给出阵列辐射瞬态电磁脉冲高效合成特性的物理实质。并采用阵列瞬态电磁脉冲产生系统,对高效合成特性进行实验验证。实验结果和采用点源近似模型计算结果都很好地证明了阵列瞬态电磁脉冲的高效合成特性。     

电磁脉冲在地下的传播特性研究

对于电磁脉冲的传播来说,大地是一道天然的障碍,因此研究电磁脉冲在地下的传播规律,并将其用于线路和设备的抗电磁干扰,是很有意义的。本文分析了HEMP电场在地下的传播规律,并比较了HEMP和雷电磁脉冲(LEMP)、超宽带电磁脉冲(UWB EMP)在地下的传播情况,比较了HEMP在地下和地上的传播情况,结果表明:高频电磁脉冲电场在地中随深度增加而快速减小,低频电磁脉冲变化较小;高频电磁脉冲电场随大地电导率减小而增大、脉宽变宽,随大地介电常数增大而减小,随入射波极化角和方位角增大而减小,随俯仰角增大而增大。然后,根据电磁脉冲在地下的传播规律提出了电磁防护措施和建议。本文的研究有利于指导地下设备的电磁防护设计。     

太赫兹波在介质中传播的FDTD分析

时域有限差分法是电磁场领域中应用最为频繁的数值方法之一,它可以有效地处理复杂媒质中颗粒对电磁脉冲信号的散射问题,以及超宽带电磁脉冲信号在色散媒质中的传播问题。几乎所有介质,无论其在太赫兹（THz）波段是否有吸收峰,对太赫兹波的传播都有影响。研究太赫兹波在介质中的传播情况,对优化太赫兹系统,分析与设计太赫兹应用技术有重要意义。本文模拟了太赫兹波在散射介质中的传播,说明了太赫兹波在内弹道干涉测速应用中的可能性;模拟了太赫兹脉冲在色散介质中的传播情况,为太赫兹时域光谱系统中晶体选择提供依据。     

PE模型三维电磁环境计算方法研究

电磁环境计算是战场电磁环境预测仿真系统的核心,PE模型中只考虑了二维电波传播问题。基于GRID的二维地形剖面获取是PE模型三维电磁环境计算方法的基础,在此基础上文中研究了三维电磁环境计算方法的流程与步骤。采用ArcGIS软件中的ArcGlobe建立地理环境模型,给出了一种基于GRID型数字高程模型的三维电磁环境计算方法,分为地形剖面划分、剖面参数获取与计算、三维电磁场数据生成以及多辐射源电磁环境叠加4部分,有效地将二维PE扩展为三维情况,为仿真软件的设计实现奠定了基础。     

低频/甚低频电磁脉冲测量系统研究

为了准确地测量电磁脉冲（electromagnetic pulse,EMP）的波形,开展低频/甚低频（low-frequency/very low-frequency,LF/VLF）EMP的形成和传播机理研究,识别不同EMP的特征,并以此为依据来识别、确认雷电及核爆炸等现象,提出了一种高分辨率的EMP原始波形测量系统方案,同时针对LF/VLF这一较低的频段提出了一套有效的系统标校方法,实现了对EMP的连续、准确测量和快速有效判别,并能通过网络实时上传数据.系统采用正交环磁场天线和平板电容电场天线实现信号的接收,设计了低噪声高保真的信道调理电路和高速数据采集电路来实现信号的采集,利用高精度的授时模块为EMP信号标记时间戳,最后结合多点监测波形实现EMP定位估计.实测结果表明:该系统能够给出高分辨率、高精度的LF/VLF EMP波形;利用该系统组网可以实现远距离EMP源的定位,定位精度与目前近距离的定位手段相当.通过长期的运行,验证了该系统具有高可靠、低失真、判别准确、实时性强等特点.     

基于双向有限差分抛物方程法的海洋环境电波传播研究

采用双向抛物方程（two-way parabolic equation，2WPE）法来预测复杂海洋环境中的电波传播特性，用双向有限差分（two-way finite-difference，2WFD）法求解2WPE，考虑了海岛等不规则地形引起的电波后向传播和大气波导的影响，并在前向和后向电波传播预测中引入一种改进的分形海面模型来模拟起伏波动的实际海面边界，且能模拟海面的大尺度浪涌特性和毛细波细微结构特性.在典型的数值算例中，我们将采用改进分形模型处理海面边界时计算得到的双向电波传播因子和采用Miller-Brown模型处理海面边界时计算得到的双向电波传播因子进行对比和分析，数值分析结果表明，在相同风速条件下，采用改进分形模型处理海面边界时计算得到的双向电波传播因子波动更剧烈，能更准确地反映出实际起伏波动海面对电磁波传播的影响.     

A New CMOS Multilayer Electromagnetic Band-Gap Microstrip Line and Experimental Investigation of UWB Pulse Propagation

We report on the development of a new microstrip line and Its experimental results on ultra-wideband pulse propagation. The transmission line employs electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structures and is implemented in the multilayer metal stack of a 0.25-mum CMOS process. The inductance and capacitance per unit length of the new microstrip line can be independently adjusted to achieve various slow-wave factors for different characteristic impedances by properly selecting the dimensions of the EBG cells, their respective locations, and the CMOS metal layers. Experimental time-domain investigation of the pulse propagation reveals an interesting phenomenon of pulse compression. This unique property of the new CMOS multilayer EBG microstrip line can be exploited to help generate pico-second pulse as well as to compensate for the loss and dispersion of transmission lines, hence effectively retaining or enhancing the pulse propagation characteristics in UWB impulse circuits.     

The time-frequency interpretation for transient evolution of wavepropagation through dispersive medium

The propagation of electromagnetic waves in a linear, dispersive Lorentz medium is calculated using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method; their time-frequency (TF) characteristics are studied using the Gabor extension. Numerical results show that the TF spectrum gives a clear interpretation for transient evolution of ultra wideband pulse propagation through a Lorentz medium