Ultrahigh-speed reconfigurable logic gates based on four-wave mixing in a semiconductor optical amplifier

We have demonstrated simple reconfigurable all-optical logic operations based on four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifier and encoding information in the polarization of the input signals. Experimental implementation of six logic functions (including XOR, XNOR, AND, NOR, etc.) operating at 10 Gb/s were realized by simply adjusting two polarization controllers in the setup.     

A Fiber-Based All-Optical 3R Regenerator for DPSK Signals

Analysis of an all-optical 3R regenerator for differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) signals is presented. Incoming DPSK signals impaired by noise are first demodulated to on-off keying (OOK) signals by a delay interferometer. The amplitude of the OOK signals is then stabilized by a fiber-based all-optical 2R regenerator. In a subsequent nonlinear fiber, locally generated optical clock pulses are phase-modulated by the stabilized OOK pulses and are output as regenerated signals. It is shown that significant phase-noise suppression is achieved by strong amplitude regeneration     

Electrical Postcompensation of SOA Impairments for Fiber-Optic Transmission

An electrical postcompensation scheme for semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) impairments has been proposed. An on-off keying transmission over 100-km standard single-mode fiber and three SOAs was demonstrated experimentally with SOA impairment compensation. An 8-dB improvement in Q-factor has been achieved.     

All-optical multiple logic gates with XOR, NOR, OR, and NAND functions using parallel SOA-MZI structures: theory and experiment

The authors have proposed, simulated, and experimentally demonstrated all-optical multiple logic gates using two parallel semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)-Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) structures that enable simultaneous operations of various logic functions of XOR, NOR, OR, and NAND. The proposed scheme, which is optimized by adjusting the optical gain and phase differences in SOA-MZI structures with creative and systematic method, has great merits to achieve the reshaped output pulses with high extinction ratio and enable the high-speed operation at over 10 Gb/s through performance enhancement of SOAs. Its validity is confirmed through simulation and experiments at 2.5 and 10 Gb/s, respectively.     

Experimental study on all-optical half-adder based on semiconductor optical amplifier

We demonstrate a novel all-optical haft-adder based on two semiconductor optical amplifiers （SOAs）. Two optical bandpass filters are used to select the two idlers generated by four-wave mixing （FWM） effect of the first SOA. Therefore, the AND gate and XNOR logic are realized simultaneously. The second SOA acts as a NOT gate, in which the NOR logic is achieved with the input of the logic XNOR. As a result, the output is the sum of the two input bits and the carry. In the experiment, all-optical haft-addition calculation is achieved between two 10 Gb/s signals.     

Simultaneous All-Optical and and nor Gates for NRZ Differential Phase-Shift-Keying Signals

A scheme for realizing all-optical logic AND and NOR gates simultaneously for nonreturn-to-zero differential phase-shift-keying signals is proposed and demonstrated based on a delayed interferometer and two semiconductor optical amplifiers. Experimental demonstration at 20 Gb/s verifies the logic integrity of this scheme. The final results are derived in the ON-OFF keying format with clear open eyes and extinction ratios over 10 dB. The proposed scheme can be expanded to realize arbitrary logic gate.     

Low-Complexity Compensation of SOA Nonlinearity for Single-Channel PSK and OOK

Carrier density fluctuations in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) impose penalties on phase-shift keying (PSK) signals due to nonlinear phase noise (NLPN), and on-off keying (OOK) signals due to self-gain modulation. In this paper, we propose a simple scheme to equalize the impairments induced by SOA nonlinearities, derived from the small signal analysis of carrier density fluctuations. We demonstrate via simulation almost complete cancelation of the NLPN added by a saturated SOA on a differential PSK signal. We demonstrate via both simulations and experiment the effectiveness of the method for mitigation of nonlinear distortions imposed by SOAs on an OOK signal.      

High-speed, all-optical XOR gates using semiconductor optical amplifiers in ultrafast nonlinear interferometers

We will review three recently-proposed high-speed, all-optical Exclusive OR (XOR) gates operating at 40 and 85?Gb/s, which were demonstrated using ultrafast nonlinear interferometers (UNIs) incorporating semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs). The first 40-Gb/s XOR gate was obtained using a dual UNI configuration. The second is a 40-Gb/s XOR gate without additional probe beam required, where the only inputs launched into the setup were data A and B. The XOR logic of data A and B is the sum of two components (A)B and(A)B , each of which was obtained from the output of UNI via cross-phase modulation (XPM) in SOAs. Furthermore, an 85-Gb/s XOR gate is, by far, the fastest XOR gate realized by SOAs, which was also demonstrated using a dual UNI structure. The operating speed of the XOR gate was enhanced by incorporating the recently proposed turbo-switch configuration. In addition, the SOA switching pulse energies of these XOR gates were lower than 100 fJ.     

All-Optical Modulation-Format Convertor Employing Polarization-Rotation-Type Nonlinear Optical Fiber Loop Mirror

An all-optical modulation-format convertor with regenerative function based on fiber nonlinearity is proposed and demonstrated. The convertor was formed utilizing polarization- rotation-type nonlinear optical fiber loop mirror and could operate at both on–off keying (OOK) to OOK and OOK to phase-shift keying (PSK) format conversions only by simply rotating the optical axis of the intra $lambda/2$ waveplate, without excess-loss generation and realignment of the driving conditions of control optical signals in the format exchange. The 40-Gb/s OOK to OOK/PSK format conversions were successfully performed utilizing this new type of the all-optical convertor. The results also revealed that this convertor has a reshaping function to degraded control signals as an inline all-optical regenerator.      

一种基于多个级联微环的高速多功能电光逻辑门

设计了一种基于多个级联微环谐振器的多功能逻 辑门。通过选择不同的输入口和输出 口,可实现与门/非与门(AND/NOT)、或门/或非门(OR/NOR)和异或门/同或门(XOR/XNO R)6种不同的逻辑运算。每次改变输 入口,可同时在两个输出口得到两种不同的逻辑运算。利用电光效应良好的聚合物作为 微环材料,输入两组不同的电压信号,通过Simulink仿真得出不同输出口的输出光场,证 明了6种逻辑运算的可行性。与之前报道的微环逻辑门相比,本文设计的逻辑门可实现的 逻辑功能更多,响应时间更短,损耗更小,尺寸也更小。     

All-optical logic NOR gate using two-cascaded semiconductor optical amplifiers

The authors present a novel all-optical logic NOR gate using two-cascaded semiconductor optical. amplifiers (SOAs) in a counterpropagating feedback configuration. This configuration accentuates the gain nonlinearity due to the mutual gain modulation of the two SOAs. The all-optical NOR gate feasibility has been demonstrated delivering an extinction ratio higher than 12 dB over a wide range of wavelength.     

A WDM-PON with DPSK modulated downstream and OOK modulated upstream signals based on symmetric 10 Gbit/s wavelength reused bidirectional reflective SOA

We investigate a wavelength-division-multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON) with centralized lightwave and direct detection. The system is demonstrated for symmetric 10 Gbit/s differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) downstream signals and on-off keying (OOK) upstream signals, respectively. A wavelength reused scheme is employed to carry the upstream data by using a reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA) as an intensity modulator at the optical network unit (ONU). The constant-intensity property of the DPSK modulation format can keep high extinction ratio (ER) of downstream signal and reduce the crosstalk to the upstream signal. The bit error rate (BER) performance of our scheme shows that the proposed 10 Gbit/s symmetric WDM-PON can achieve error free transmission over 25-km-long fiber transmission with low power penalty.     

Wavelength Conversion of High-Speed Phase and Intensity Modulated Signals Using a Highly Nonlinear Chalcogenide Glass Chip

We report all-optical wavelength conversion of high-speed differential phase-shift keyed (DPSK) and on–off keyed (OOK) signals using the nonlinear Kerr-effect in an optical chip. This was enabled by four-wave mixing (FWM) of the signal with a continuous-wave (CW) pump laser in a 7-cm-long dispersion-shifted planar rib waveguide in highly nonlinear $hbox{As}_{2} hbox{S} _{3}$ glass. Both conversion of 40-Gb/s DPSK and 160-Gb/s OOK signals by 33 and 15 nm, respectively, are shown. These are first demonstrations of signal processing by CW-pumped FWM in a chalcogenide waveguide, highlighting its capability to perform phase-preserving operations at high bit rates in chip-scale devices.      

基于逻辑运算的光域网络编码节点模型

光网络缺少随机存储设备,难以独立于光电光变换实现线性网络编码技术.为了将网络编码技术引入到光网络中,提出一种能够在光域中实现的基于逻辑移位和逻辑异或运算的双路径网络编码机制.该网络编码机制比异或网络编码的通用性更强,并且能够在光域中独立于光电光变换实现,降低了实现代价.此外,针对提出的网络编码机制在实现过程中遇到的运算不封闭的问题,设计了能够承载该网络编码机制的网络编码节点模型,从而保证该网络编码机制能够在全光异或门和光移位寄存器等主要光器件的支持下在光网络中实施.最后,对该网络编码节点模型所涉及到的部分关键模块进行了实验分析,结果表明模块能够完成所期望的功能.     

One-Level Simplification Method for All-Optical Combinational Logic Circuits

We propose a novel one-level simplification method for all-optical combinational logic circuits. With the proposed method, an all-optical gray code to binary coded decimal converter is successfully developed for the first time by using conventional semiconductor optical amplifiers as building elements. In comparison to the construction algorithm based on the conventional two-level simplification method, a significant improvement is observed in the Q-factor.     

PPLN-based all-optical 40 Gbit/s three-input logic AND gate for both NRZ and RZ signals

Reported is an all-optical high-speed three-input logic AND gate using cascaded sum- and difference-frequency generation (cSFG/DFG) in a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide. The converted idler wave via cSFG/DFG carries the AND result of the three-input signals. PPLN-based 40 Gbit/s three-input logic AND operations for both non-return-to-zero (NRZ) and return-to-zero (RZ) signals are successfully demonstrated in the experiment.     

全光异或逻辑门技术

文中对现有的全光异或逻辑门方案作了一个概括,比较了基于半导体光放大器(SOA)的各种设计,特别是带有干涉结构的技术方案.     

Simultaneous Demodulation and Clock-Recovery of 40-Gb/s NRZ-DPSK Signals Using a Multiwavelength Gaussian Filter

We demonstrate a novel optical circuit that has the potential of simultaneous demodulation and all-optical clock-recovery of 40-Gb/s wavelength-division-multiplexing nonreturn-to-zero differential phase-shift keying (NRZ-DPSK) signals. A key device of the circuit is an ad hoc periodic fiber Bragg grating filter that simultaneously demodulates the input signals and seeds a series of clock recovery circuits. We report the complete characterization of the proposed scheme in the whole-band using a tunable transmitter. The DPSK demodulated signals show enhanced resilience to chromatic dispersion with respect to the usual NRZ _ON-OFF keying format. On the other hand, the recovered clock signals are very stable and have around 200-fs root-mean-square time jitter.     

WDM PON using 10-Gb/s DPSK downstream and re-modulated 10-Gb/s OOK upstream based on SOA

A signal remodulation scheme of 10-Gb/s differential phase-shift keying(DPSK) downstream and 10-Gb/s on-off keying(OOK) upstream using a semiconductor optical amplifier(SOA) and a Mach-Zehnder intensity modulator(MZ-IM) at the optical networking unit(ONU) side for wavelength division multiplexed passive optical network(WDM PON) is proposed.Simulation results indicate that error-free operation can be achieved in a 20-km transmission,and the receiver sensitivity of return-to-zero differential phase-shift keying(RZ-DPSK) is higher than nonreturn-to-zero differential phase-shift keying(NRZ-DPSK) in the proposed scheme.     

Nearly Shot-Noise-Limited Performance of Dual-Channel Linear Optical Sampling for Ultrafast DPSK Signals

This paper describes a newly developed dual-channel linear optical sampling technique for observing ultrafast optical differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) signals. As the proposed measurement scheme offsets two parallel interferometers by a relative delay corresponding to 1-symbol length of the DPSK signal, the measured phase distribution reflects the signal quality which is determined by the phase difference between adjacent symbols. This technique, based on interferometric optical gating by local short-pulses, also offers ultrafast measurement at symbol rates of greater than 100 Gsymbol/s. Moreover, its detection sensitivity can reach the shot noise limit. The waveform degradation caused by the coherence of the light source and the pattern effect of the phase modulator is successfully observed in continuous waves and 10-Gsymbol/s nonreturn-to-zero DPSK signals, and the constellation measurement is demonstrated for a 160-Gsymbol/s return-to-zero DPSK signal. Measurement system noise is also discussed for characterizing the detection sensitivity, and the nearly shot-noise-limited performance is experimentally verified.