一种新的MIMO信道模型

实际无线通信环境中发送天线之间以及接收天线之间存在相关性.针对以上特点,从多径MIMO信道的特性出发,首先建立发射天线相关系数矩阵和接收天线相关系数矩阵,并将它们引入无线信道的莱斯MIMO信道模型中.最后通过分析LOS MIMO信道相关模型和瑞利衰落MIMO信道相关模型,给出了具体的建模步骤.仿真结果表明采用本文方法产生的信道模型的MIMO系统误码率更低,从而验证了该信道模型能够较好地模拟MIMO系统的空间信道.     

微小区中电波传播信道的相关性分析

为了能在极度复杂的无线环境中充分发挥MIMO系统的优越性,需分析无线传播环境对系统的影响,特别是在MIMO系统中,信道的相关性会对系统尤其是系统容量造成很大的影响.基于通用的微小区信道椭圆模型,通过几何方法,得到了微小区中信道间相关系数的封闭解表达式,通过仿真说明了在微小区中相关系数与发射、接收端天线阵阵元间距之间的关系,为在MIMO中消除相关性的影响提供了有效的工具.     

基于宽带电力线载波通信的信道相关性研究

研究电力线信道的MIMO通信系统中子信道之间的相关性具有重要意义,以此提出了电力线信道的MIMO系统模型,并在此模型的基础上提出子信道之间的相关性,给出电力线信道MIMO模型信道之间相关系数的CDF曲线,并推导出相关信道模型。实验测量和仿真结果表明:电力线信道的MIMO系统中信道间的确存在一定的相关性,且相关系数基本满足均匀分布。     

基于相关统计建模的实时MIMO信道模拟器设计

多输入多输出(Multiple Input and Multiple Output,MIMO)信道的空间相关性极大程度上影响着MIMO系统的性能.基于相关统计建模的空间相关性MIMO信道模型,通过合理的软硬件划分,设计了一种高资源利用率的MIMO信道实时模拟方案,实现了实时MIMO信道模拟器.针对3GPP标准MIMO信道模型进行模拟,硬件模拟结果统计分析表明本方案模拟的MIMO信道特征能够与理论特征很好地吻合,具有良好的模拟精度.可扩展的信道模拟方案能够直接扩展到支持更多天线数目的MIMO信道的实时模拟.     

MIMO宏小区窄带信道模型的相关性能分析

基于早期多径衰落的圆环模型提出一种新的MIMO宏小区窄带信道模型,分析了发送、接收端均为多阵元天线条件下的信道相关特性;通过数学推证得到信道相关函数及相关谱的闭式表达式,提出了在该环境下影响MIMO信道空时相关性的几个主要因素.最后通过仿真结果分析了这些因素对信道相关性的影响.     

天线匹配对莱斯信道下紧凑MIMO系统性能的影响

深入研究了存在天线互耦和空间相关时,天线匹配网络对莱斯信道下多输入多输出MIMO系统性能的影响,建立了包含相关莱斯信道、天线互耦和匹配网络的(MIMO)系统模型.通过仿真分析了匹配阻抗、天线互耦、空间相关性以及信道衰落环境对包络相关性和信道容量的影响.实验结果表明:莱斯信道下匹配阻抗对MIMO系统的影响与瑞利信道情况下有所不同,适当地选择天线匹配阻抗可以改善MIMO系统的性能.     

3G LTE空间信道模型的三维修正及容量分析

空间信道模型SCM(Spatial Channel Model)是3GPP用于LTE系统仿真的MIMO二维信道模型。本文在SCM模型的基础上,综合考虑基站端和移动台端电波的离开角和到达角的三维特性,给出了三维MIMO信道模型的信道参数描述,提升了信道建模的准确度,并推导出该信道模型下包含极化特性的MIMO信道系数表达式。同时探究了天线间距、水平角扩展、俯仰角扩展等对MIMO信道空时相关性的影响。研究结果显示,随着俯仰角扩展从0°到60°增大,散射环境越来越强,信号在空间的色散度越高,不同天线单元接收到的信号之间的相关性越小,信道容量将会越大。     

MIMO信道中衰落信号的空域相关性评估

将MIMO(多输入多输出)信道建立为Nakagami衰落信道,进一步推导单元天线接收多径衰落信号的空域相关系数的通用解析式,并在均匀分布、余弦分布、高斯分布和拉式分布的来波功率角谱下分别进一步评估接收信号的空域相关性,分析各参数对相关系数的影响,比较各种来波功率角谱下相关性的数值结果,这些对于准确分析MIMO系统性能与设计MIMO多天线系统是十分必要的.     

MIMO信道的空间相关特性及信道容量分析

该文针对非频率选择性MIMO衰落信道,建立接收阵列的三维(3D)信道模型,推导出关于空间距离矢量的空间相关函数表达式,并且仿真分析了空间距离矢量对电压相关系数的影响,分析了电压相关系数对信道容量的影响,仿真结果说明电压相关系数与信道容量呈反比关系.     

基于阵列流形分离的多输入多输出信道模型

基于三维阵列流形分离技术,建立了一种天线独立的随机多输入多输出(MIMO)信道模型。将天线阵列的导向矢量进行球谐基函数展开,实现了天线阵列和无线传播环境的分离。对分离出的无线传播环境部分单独进行基于空间相关性的统计建模,得到了一种天线独立的解析MIMO信道模型。所建模型可方便用于MI-MO系统性能评估与分析设计。以圆柱阵列和球阵列为例,仿真验证了新模型的正确性和有效性。     

BER performance of MQAM with L‐branch MRC diversity reception over correlated Nakagami‐m fading channels

Exact and closed form generalized expressions for bit error rate (BER) of M‐ary quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM) with L‐branch maximal ratio combining (MRC) space diversity reception in fading channels are derived and analyzed. The fading channels are modeled as identical but correlated frequency‐nonselective slow Nakagami‐m fading channels corrupted by additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). Analytical results obtained are in terms of few finite range integrals with an integrand composed of elementary functions. Because of their simple form, these analytical results readily allow numerical evaluation in cases of practical interest. The results are also general enough to include Nakagami‐m fading channels with and without correlation, no diversity system, Rayleigh fading channels with and without correlation, and AWGN as special cases. The numerical results for the case of 16QAM are shown graphically and also in tabular form in order to examine the effects of fading severity, order of diversity, and branch correlation on the BER performance. The two correlation models considered are constant correlation model and exponential correlation model. One may be interested to know how the BER of MQAM is related to symbol error rate (SER) of MQAM. Therefore, the BER results obtained in this paper are also compared with that obtained directly from the SER. It is expected that the analytical results presented in this paper will provide a convenient tool for design and analysis of a radio communication system with space diversity reception in uncorrelated and correlated fading environment. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

天线相关性对MIMO系统BER性能的影响分析

推导了一种基于拉普拉斯角能量分布的天线相关性的精确算法表达式与近似表达式,分析了影响MIMO系统天线空间相关性的因素,并将之用于对MIMO系统的BER分析。在均匀线性阵列跟圆形阵列中,对比了不同衰落因子下,系统BER随信噪比、天线之间距离以及信号到达角的变化关系。分析了决定系统BER的因素以及降低系统BER的方法。最后通过对近似算法的研究发现,在衰落因子a值比较大时,近似算法能很好地代替精确算法,并能大大简化计算复杂度。     

Performance Analysis of Rate-Adaptive Modulation with Imperfect Estimation in Space?CTime Coded MIMO System

Based on the imperfect estimation information, the performance analysis of multi-input multi-out (MIMO) systems with rate-adaptive modulation and space?Ctime coding over flat Rayleigh fading channels is presented in this paper. The fading gain value is partitioned into a number of regions by which the modulation is adapted according to the region the fading gain falls in. Under a target bit error rate (BER) and constant power constraint, the fading gain region boundaries are given. By utilizing the minimum mean squared error estimation, the correlation between the channel gains and their estimates, which contributes to imperfect channel information, is evaluated. With this correlation, the probability density function of fading gain is obtained. Based on these results, the closed-form expressions for the SE and average BER are derived in detail, respectively. The theoretical expressions will be more accurate than the existing schemes, and they include perfect estimation as a special case. Numerical results show that the SE and BER of the system with imperfect estimation are worse than those with perfect estimation due to the estimation error. Moreover, the simulation results for SE and BER are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis.     

无线光通信系统误码性能分析及方法研究

误码率(BER)是衡量无线光通信系统设计优劣的重要指标,如何正确统计误码性能显得尤为重要。利用Matlab软件,研究基于蒙特卡罗仿真实现无线光通信系统误码性能分析的方法。介绍了无线光通信系统以及利用蒙特卡罗仿真进行性能估计的原理;研究了误码性能仿真方法,详细地给出了仿真中的信源产生方法、信道模型、信噪比参数计算方法、误码率统计方法等,并给出了部分核心Matlab程序;给出了基于低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)码、脉冲位置调制(PPM)的无线光通信系统仿真图,详细介绍了各仿真参数的设置,并在不同天气和不同信噪比条件下统计了系统性能。统计结果表明,此性能分析方法准确可行。     

Performance Analysis of Space-Time Coded CDMA System Over Nakagami Fading Channels with Perfect and Imperfect CSI

In this paper, the performance of multiuser CDMA systems with different space time code schemes is investigated over Nakagami fading channel. Low-complexity multiuser receiver schemes are developed for space-time coded CDMA systems with perfect and imperfect channel state information (CSI). The schemes can make full use of the complex orthogonality of space-time coding to obtain the linear decoding complexity, and thus simplify the exponential decoding complexity of the existing scheme greatly. Moreover, it can achieve almost the same performance as the existing scheme. Based on the bit error rate (BER) analysis of the systems, the theoretical calculation expressions of average BER are derived in detail for both perfect CSI and imperfect CSI, respectively. As a result, tight closed-form BER expressions are obtained for space-time coded CDMA with orthogonal spreading code, and approximate closed-form BER expressions are attained for space-time coded CDMA with quasi-orthogonal spreading code. Computer simulation for BER shows that the theoretical analysis and simulation are in good agreement. The results show that the space-time coded CDMA systems have BER performance degradation for imperfect CSI.     

Chip‐interleaving direct sequence spread spectrum system over Rician multipath fading channels

Chip interleaving (CI) is a unique technique to exploit time diversity in direct sequence spread spectrum (DS/SS)‐based systems operating in fading environments. In order to facilitate design of CI systems in various fading situations, we present a performance analysis for CI DS/SS system over Rician multipath time‐varying fading channels. We derive the analytical bit error rate (BER) expression for CI DS/SS to allow fast and accurate evaluation of BER performance based on the interleaving depth selected, spreading codes employed, and the time correlation function of the channel. We then discuss some ideal cases by using the analytical results to reveal some of the insights presented in the performance analysis. For the purpose of comparison, we also obtain the BER expression for conventional DS/SS system as a special case of CI system with an interleaving depth of one. Using numerical examples, we verify the analytical results with computer simulations and illustrate the BER performance behavior of CI DS/SS system with varying interleaving depth for all possible combinations of two sets of spreading codes of different type and two different time correlation functions of the channel. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Multi-user receiver scheme and uplink performance of space–time-coded CDMA system in Rician fading channels

The uplink performance of multi-user space–time-coded code-division multiple access (STC-CDMA) system in Rician fading channel is presented. A simple and effective multi-user receiver scheme is developed for STC-CDMA system. The scheme has linear decoding complexity when compared to the existing scheme with exponential decoding complexity, and thus implements low-complexity decoding. Based on the bit error rate (BER) analysis and moment generation function, theoretical BER expressions are derived for STC-CDMA with orthogonal and quasi-orthogonal spreading code, respectively. It is shown that these expressions have more accuracy. Using these expressions and the approximation of error function, closed-form approximate BER expressions are obtained, which can simplify the calculation of the derived theoretical BER. Simulation results show that the developed low-complexity decoding scheme can achieve almost the same performance as the existing scheme. The theoretical BER are in good agreement with the corresponding simulated values. Moreover, the presented approximate expressions are also close to the simulated values due to the better approximation. Under the same system throughput and concatenation of channel code, the presented full-rate STC-CDMA system has lower BER than the corresponding full-diversity STC-CDMA systems.     

MLSE for correlated diversity sources and unknown time-varyingfrequency-selective Rayleigh-fading channels

Yu and Pasupathy (see ibid., vol.43, p. 1534-44, 1995) derived a maximum-likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) receiver structure for unknown time varying frequency-selective Rayleigh-fading channels and uncorrelated diversity sources. This receiver design is extended to the case of correlated diversity sources. Correlated diversity sources typically arise with space diversity, where constraints on antenna volume require that diversity antennae be placed too closely together. Analytic and simulated bit-error rate (BER) curves are presented for receivers which exploit and ignore the correlation. In the former case, we find a small BER improvement that reduces with decreasing correlation. However, for a fixed receiver complexity, superior performance is achieved when the correlation is ignored     

Analysis of the Principal Component Combining with Weight Estimation for DPSK Signals

We analyze the principal component combining with differential detection (PCC-DD) with weight estimation for the demodulation of DPSK signals in diversity systems. The estimated weight vector is considered to be the principal component of the exponentially weighted sample correlation matrix of the signals at diversity channel outputs. We arrive at closed form expressions for the approximate bit error rate (BER) for the scenario where channel gains are fixed, and the approximate average BER for the scenario where channel gains are independent identically Rayleigh distributed. The analysis provides accurate BER approximation, and is justified by the results from computer simulations. We also arrive at a rule of thumb about the value of the forgetting factor of the exponentially weighted sample correlation matrix should be selected for PCC-DD to yield good performance under time varying Rayleigh fading channels     

Error rate performance of digital FM mobile radio withpostdetection diversity

An analysis of bit error rate (BER) in a binary digital FM system with postdetection diversity is presented. Expressions for the average BER due to additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), random FM noise and delay-spread in the multipath channel are derived for reception using differential demodulation (DD), and frequency demodulation (FD) assuming independent fading signals. Calculated results for MSK show that the BER performance is strongly dependent on the RMS-delay/bit-duration ratio and that the delay-spectrum shape is of no importance when the receiver predetection filter product is optimized for the effect of AWGN. The effect of fading correlation on the diversity improvement is also analyzed for a two-branch case with multiplicative Rayleigh fading signals. Expressions for the average BER due to AWGN and random FM noise are derived. Calculated results are shown for the average BER due to random FM noise assuming a horizontally spaced antenna system at a mobile station. It is shown that the use of small antenna spacings leads to a diversity improvement greater than that obtainable for the case of independent AWGN