复杂目标电磁散射特性仿真与实验

对两种形状较为复杂的军用目标缩比模型的电磁散射特性进行了仿真计算和实验,研究了复杂金属目标的电磁散射时域算法,提出了解决MOO算法求解目标瞬态散射稳定性的方法.给出了一种实验测量模型与数据处理方案.将仿真和实验得到的时域散射场数据解卷积分别与利用MOM计算的目标频域散射场数据进行比较,结果表明:在一定的频域范围内仿真与实验结果较好地保持了一致,从而验证了算法的有效性和实验正确性.     

目标电磁散射特性研究的若干热点和难点问题

尽管国内外在目标电磁散射特性研究领域取得了很大进展,但是从技术本身来说该专业领域仍然存在一些难点问题.同时,复杂环境下低散射目标的探测与识别等应用,以及太赫兹等新体制雷达的研发对目标电磁散射特性研究提出了新的需求、引入了新的问题.围绕这些应用需求和技术难点,本文从理论建模、散射测量和特征提取三个方面,归纳总结了目标电磁散射特性研究存在的若干热点和难点问题,期望为从事该方面研究的科研人员提供方向性的引导.     

复杂目标后向激光雷达散射截面计算与缩比模型测量比较

研究了复杂目标激光雷达散射截面(LRCS)与电磁波段雷达散射截面的差异，提出使用可视化技术计算复杂目标后向激光雷达散射截面的流程框图，并使用该技术对某飞机全尺寸模型进行了计算。将计算结果按缩比关系换算，得到了1：8缩比模型的散射截面。利用标准板定标法，在外场环境对1：8缩比模型进行了实际测量，获得了缩比模型散射截面的实验数据。对计算数据与测量数据进行了对比分析，结果表明，在目标主要散射方位，理论计算和测量结果一致；通过缩比模型的测量可以获取全尺寸目标的激光散射特性。     

雷达目标电磁散射特性仿真与测量

首先,对雷达目标电磁散射特性的重要性做了简单介绍,对获取雷达目标电磁散射特性数据的方法进行了分类;然后,详细回顾了电磁仿真与测量的主要方法的基本原理、发展过程与适用范围;最后,阐述了国内在雷达目标电磁散射特性研究方面取得的进展与基本情况,对电磁仿真与测量的技术发展趋势进行了总结。     

全尺寸目标激光脉冲后向散射回波功率测定和建模

运用粗糙面散射、激光脉冲散射理论,结合复杂目标粗糙表面相关建模参数,建立用于计算全尺寸复杂目标激光脉冲后向散射功率的理论模型.实验测量一种空中缩比目标模型后向散射激光脉冲回波功率,获取该缩比目标激光脉冲后向散射功率随接受天顶角的变化曲线.比较理论建模与实验测量数据,分析实验误差,证明了该理论模型的正确性.将建立的理论模型进一步应用于计算非合作空间全尺寸目标的激光脉冲回波功率.计算结果能够预估空间目标的激光散射特征,解决一些关于空间目标激光脉冲光学特征工程的应用问题.     

低频UWB SAR的冲击响应函数

提取系统的冲击响应函数(impulse response function,IRF)是测量雷达系统性能指标的前提,IRF来自理想点目标的雷达图像。对于低频超宽带合成孔径雷达(ultra wide band synthetic aperture radar,UWB SAR),参考点目标的电磁散射特性是频率和方位角的函数,不满足理想点目标的散射特性要求。本文从IRF的定义出发,结合低频UWBSAR系统处理模型,利用二维数字聚焦方法消除杂波的影响,同时利用低频电磁散射数值建模的方法计算参考点目标的电磁散射特性,最后给出了计算系统IRF的方法。     

浅层地下目标时域电磁散射问题的数值模拟

本文用时域有限差分法计算了浅层地下目标的时域电磁散射。     

基于散射分布函数模型的近远场变换技术研究

全尺寸目标的电磁散射特性测试,需要足够大的测试距离或紧缩场系统,但是建设满足远场条件的室外静态场与室内紧缩场需要巨大的经费投入和很高的技术条件,更无法对飞行器进行现场成像与雷达散射截面(Radar Cross Section,RCS)诊断.针对近距离测试检定飞行器隐身性能的需求,提出了基于散射分布函数模型的近远场变换算法.建立三维散射分布函数模型,采用三维扫描方式记录近场数据,将球面波函数分别在柱坐标系、三维直角坐标系与球坐标系下展开,变换得到目标的远场数据,通过三维逆傅里叶变换与插值算法给出目标的三维重建图像与远场RCS.仿真分析与实验表明,算法准确有效.     

有耗目标电磁散射缩比测量的相似律研究

本文提出了三个对有耗介质目标进行散射缩比测量时,所应遵循的相似法则。只要满足其中一个相似法则,就可以把所测的模型雷达散射截面(RCS)变换为原型的RCS。文中给出了三个相似法则的使用范围,相似条件及RCS诱导相似比。对第一相似律进行了实验验证,结果表明:原型的实测结果与由模型测量结果所变换的原型结果吻合很好,变换误差为1～2dB。同时,用电磁介质涂敷金属球的精确解,对三个相似律进行了验证,结果表明,第二、第三相似律可适用于全频段,变换误差小于1dB。第一相似律只适用于光学区,在Rayleign区和谐振区有较大误差。     

自由空间中二维电磁目标的时域非线性反演

提出一种基于电磁等效原理的一组积分方程，应用变分方法和傅立叶变换理论，得到了时域散射场与目标电磁参数之间非线性关系的频域表示式，即反演自由空间中二维电磁目标的时域非线性迭代方法的反演方程。列举了一些典型的数值反演实例，对反演性能进行了多方面的考察，指出本法是一种具有良好反演性能的时域非线性反演方法。     

军事目标激光散射特性研究进展

军事目标的激光散射特性是影响装备作战效能的重要因素,对于研究激光装备的作用距离、装备的激光隐身性能具有重要的意义。本文介绍了目标激光散射特性的基本概念,从理论模型和经验公式两方面介绍了激光散射特性的理论建模研究成果,分析了各种模型和经验公式的适用范围。从目标表面材料BRDF测量、缩比模型LRCS测量、真实目标LRCS测量三个方面,分析了国内外典型测量方法、相关应用以及下一步发展方向,为后续目标散射特性的研究提供借鉴。     

Millimeter-wave polarimetric measurements of artificial and naturaltargets

The millimeter-wave polarimeter (MMP), a scatterometer system uses the HP 8510A vector network analyzer for coherent processing of the received signal, provides the polarization and phase measurement capability needed to measure the complete scattering matrix of a given target. A calibration and measurement technique that was used with the MMP at 35 GHz to measure the scattering matrix for both distributed and point targets is described. The measurement accuracy was analyzed by comparing theoretical and measured values for a set of conducting spheres and finite-length conducting cylinders. As an extension of the analysis to natural targets, the scattering matrix was measured for a series of twigs and various smooth and rough surfaces     

Ultra-wideband impulse scattering measurements

A recently upgraded laboratory is described for measurement of ultra-wideband (1-20 GHz) impulse scattering responses from scale model radar targets. A linear systems model is introduced, leading to new measurement concepts and signal processing algorithms for estimating the target's scattering response to a user-defined impulse waveform. The experimental and processing procedures serve to eliminate clutter and antenna coupling, while compensating for antenna characteristics in the system. Experimental validations are examined and planned enhancements are discussed     

低信噪比激光引信回波幅值提取技术

在对激光引信回波进行信噪比分析的基础上,针对低信噪比时峰值检测法在回波幅值提取中相对误差较大的问题,提出了一种采用小波阈值去噪提高幅值提取精度的方法。基于Mallat算法对回波信号进行快速分解与重构,并实际计算了峰值检测法在低信噪比回波幅值提取中的相对误差。研究结果表明,小波阈值去噪能较好地分离回波信号中的高频噪声,减小低信噪比回波幅值提取的相对误差,从而提高了回波幅值提取的精度。     

Calibration and measurement of a wideband six-port polarimetricmeasurement system

The principle of operation, calibration procedure, and experimental results of a wideband six-port polarimetric measurement system are described in this paper. This measurement system can measure the polarization states of incoming waves and the polarimetric scattering matrices of scattering targets from the wideband power data. The imbalances and coupling between antenna polarization channels and the characteristics of microwave components used in the measurement system are calibrated using three partly unknown scattering calibrators that are illuminated by four unknown-polarized calibrating waves     

步进频信号散射中心的提取及目标识别

针对宽带步进频测量雷达体制，用几何绕射理论（GTD）模型来描述目标宽带RCS测量数据，利用多重信号特征（MUSIC）算法估计目标散射中心的数目和位置，并将目标的散射中心作为特征进行目标识别。利用暗室测量的缩比目标模型数据进行目标识别实验，结果表明，用该方法提取的散射中心特征稳当有效，识别效果较好。     

Ultrawide-band synthetic aperture radar for detection of unexplodedordnance: modeling and measurements

Electromagnetic (EM) scattering from subsurface unexploded ordnance (UXO) is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Three EM models are considered: the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA), the method of moments (MoM), and physical optics (PO). The relative accuracy of these models is compared for several scattering scenarios. Moreover, the model results are compared to data measured by an experimental synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system, SAR images have been generated for subsurface UXO targets, in particular 155-mm shells. We compare SAR images from the measured data with theoretical images produced by the MoM and PO simulations, using a standard back-projection imaging technique. In addition to such comparisons with measurement, we consider additional buried-UXO scattering scenarios to better understand the underlying wave phenomenology     

A calibration technique for polarimetric coherent-on-receive radarsystems

A new technique for calibrating a coherent-on-receive polarimetric radar system is proposed. A coherent-on-receive polarimetric radar is capable of measuring the Mueller matrix of point or distributed targets directly by transmitting at least four independent polarizations and measuring the vertical and horizontal components of the backscatter signal simultaneously. The technique requires the use of two calibration targets, a target with known scattering matrix (such as a metallic sphere or a trihedral corner reflector) and any depolarizing target (for which knowledge of its scattering matrix is not required) to determine the system distortion parameters. The system distortion parameters, which include the channel imbalances, the cross-talk factors of both the transmit and the receive antennas, and the phase shifts and amplitude variations of the transmitter polarizers, are determined by measuring the calibration targets for four different transmit polarizations. The validity of the new calibration technique is examined by measuring the scattering matrices of spheres and cylinders as test targets using a coherent-on-receive radar operating at 34.5 GHz. Excellent agreement between the theoretical and the measured scattering matrices for the test targets are obtained