基于多项式模型的时频二维OFDM信道估计算法

本文提出了一种内插导频的时频二维信道估计算法,用于无线移动信道下的正交频分复用(OFDM)系统。该算法基于梳状内插的导频信号模型,采用多项式模型对信道进行拟合,从而能够精确的估计出信道信息。与时频二维维纳滤波以及自适应判决反馈的算法相比,该算法不需要预先知道信道相关矩阵以及信噪比等信道信息,简单易于实现,并且能够有效的抑制信道估计中的噪声干扰。仿真结果表明,在衰落环境下,该算法的信道估计最小方差(MSE)性能与最小二乘(LS)估计最小方差性能相比有显著提高。     

宽带移动通信系统中基于梳状导频的信道估计

本文主要研究了OFDM系统中基于梳状导频的空时信道估计方法,并提出一种新的信道估计算法,即实现了空时二维信道估计。基于梳状导频的空时信道估计的算法分为两步:第一步是利用导频信号对导频位置的信道进行估计,第二步是信道插值,得到所有频域位置的信道信息。同时还研究了基于LS准则的信号估计以及基于线性插值的信道插值。     

OFDM-UWB系统的自适应联合信道估计算法

提出了一种新的MB-OFDM-UWB自适应联合信道估计算法,该算法首先对基于DFT的信道估计算法进行改进,使其能自适应的调整滤波窗口的大小。然后利用改进后的算法与梳状导频估计相结合。算法的优点在于能根据不同的信道的统计特征,自适应调整滤波器窗口的大小,从而减少了噪声对信道估计的影响,并保留了梳状导频估计能快速跟踪信道变化的特性。仿真结果表明,该算法能很好地适用于UWB室内信道。     

基于多项式拟合的二维OFDM信道估计算法

该文提出了一种内插导频的二维信道估计算法,用于无线移动信道下的正交频分复用(OFDM)系统。该算法能够适用于矩形内插的导频信号内插方式,相比于梳状内插的导频信号内插方式,矩形内插具有更高的数据传输效率。与已有线性最小均方差(LMMSE)信道估计方法相比,该算法简单并且不需要预先知道信道相关矩阵以及信噪比等信道信息。仿真结果表明,在各种的衰落环境下,该算法都有良好的性能。     

MIMO-MC-CDMA系统中信道估计算法的比较

无线通信系统中最常用的就是使用导频来获得初始的信道响应,信道估计的目的就是通过导频序列来获得每个子信道上的信道状态信息(CSI).但是对于何种场合要运用何种导频方式并没有具体的文章描述清楚,文中给出了MIMO-MC-CDMA系统中常用的3种信道估计算法,分别是基于分散导频(梳状导频)、正交导频、分组导频(块状导频).通过分析这三种信道估计方法,得出结论.     

BICM-OFDM系统中基于叠加导频的迭代信道估计

传统叠加导频算法应用在正交频分复用系统中存在信道估计精度差的缺点。针对比特交织编码调制（BICM）联合正交频分复用（OFDM）的系统（BICM—OFDM）,提出一种利用叠加导频的迭代信道估计算法。该算法充分利用了均衡器的反馈信息,分两步进行。首先,导频信号叠加在发送信号上,接收端采用一阶统计量进行初始信道估计;然后利用均衡器的硬判决反馈信息,在信道估计与均衡之间进行信息交换,通过迭代的方式提高信道估计精度。在短波宽带信道下的仿真结果表明,与传统叠加导频算法相比,新算法经过二次迭代可有效提高信道估计精度和系统误码率性能。     

空时/频编码在OFDM系统中的应用

介绍了空时编码(STBC)和空频编码(SFBC)应用于OFDM系统,实现发射分集,并对基于梳状导频的LS(最小二乘)算法采用正交导频设计方案,把多天线信道估计转化为单天线信道估计,大大简化了运算。仿真结果表明,实现的空时和空频编码OFDM方案不仅误码性能良好,且具有系统实现复杂度低、接收机结构简单等优点。     

基于梳状导频分布的OFDM信道估计改进算法

提出了基于梳状导频分布的OFDM信道估计的改进算法,分别在基于频域(DFT)和时域(IDFT)的迫零内插算法的基础上运用了数据翻转的思想.该算法可以大大地减少DFT/IDFT变换时所产生的边缘效应,并且通过优化边缘位置的估计性能来提升整个OFDM信道估计的精确度.仿真结果表明,该算法相比经典算法在性能上有较大提升.     

OFDM系统梳状导频的PAPR问题及解决方案

分析了梳状导频对OFDM信号PAPR的影响.特别指出,取值不当的导频符号,例如等值导频,会加剧OFDM信号的PAPR.OFDM系统发送端通常采用降低PAPR的技术.带有等值梳状导频的OFDM信号会发生更大的失真,从而降低系统性能.经过分析,提出应用Newmann相位旋转方案优化等值导频.优化后的导频既不会降低信道估计的精度也不会恶化PAPR.优化方法能够与具体的信道估计方法相结合,并且不会增加信道估计的复杂度.     

一种适用于OFDM系统的梳状导频自适应方案

由于传统的OFDM系统导频插入密度固定导致信道利用率偏低的缺点,本篇文章主要研究了梳状导频自适应与传输方案。因此要改进信道估计的精确度主要取决定于导频的插入密度的设计。因此为了可以控制导频的密度本文提出了一种改进的梳状导频自适应方案,在满足系统误码率的前提下可以有效的提高信道的利用率。仿真结果表明,该方案可以实现通信需求与导频的自动匹配,在保障系统可靠性的前提下有效的降低了导频的密度。     

Adaptive MIMO-OFDM based on partial channel state information

Relative to designs assuming no channel knowledge at the transmitter, considerably improved communications become possible when adapting the transmitter to the intended propagation channel. As perfect knowledge is rarely available, transmitter designs based on partial (statistical) channel state information (CSI) are of paramount importance not only because they are more practical but also because they encompass the perfect- and no-knowledge paradigms. In this paper, we first provide a partial CSI model for orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) transmissions over multi-input multi-output (MIMO) frequency-selective fading channels. We then develop an adaptive MIMO-OFDM transmitter by applying an adaptive two-dimensional (2-D) coder-beamformer we derived recently on each OFDM subcarrier, along with an adaptive power and bit loading scheme across OFDM subcarriers. Relying on the available partial CSI at the transmitter, our objective is to maximize the transmission rate, while guaranteeing a prescribed error performance, under the constraint of fixed transmit-power. Numerical results confirm that the adaptive 2-D space-time coder-beamformer (with two basis beams as the two "strongest" eigenvectors of the channel's correlation matrix perceived at the transmitter) combined with adaptive OFDM (power and bit loaded with M-ary quadrature amplitude modulated (QAM) constellations) improves the transmission rate considerably.     

Channel estimation and long-range prediction of fast fading channels for adaptive OFDM system

This correspondence presents the channel estimation and long-range prediction technique for adaptive-orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing (AOFDM) system. The efficient channel loading is accomplished by feeding the accurately predicted channel-state-information (CSI) back to transmitter. The frequency-selective wireless fading channel is modelled as a tapped-delay-line-filter governed by a first-order autoregressive (AR1) process; and an adaptive channel estimator based on the generalised-variable-step-size least-mean-square (GVSS-LMS) algorithm tracks AR1 correlation coefficient. To compensate for the signal fading due to channel state variations, a modified-Kalman-filter (MKF)-based channel estimator is utilised. In addition, channel tracking is also performed for predicting future CSI at receiver, based on the numeric-variable-forgetting-factor recursive-least-squares (NVFF-RLS) algorithm. Subsequently, adaptive bit allocation for AOFDM system is employed by using predicted CSI at transmitter. Here, the proposed combination of GVSS-LMS and MKF algorithms for robust channel estimation and the NVFF-RLS algorithm for efficient channel prediction is incorporated. The performance validation of presented method is carried out by using different channel realisations through simulation, and also by comparing it with fixed step-size LMS, MKF and fixed forgetting-factor RLS algorithm based conventional techniques. Eventually, the reliable performance of underlying AOFDM system can be achieved in terms of the lower mean squared estimation/prediction errors and alleviated symbol error rate.     

子载波间隔自适应OFDM系统研究

随着无线电技术的发展,对正交频分复用系统的频谱效率要求越来越高,子载波间隔是影响系统频谱效率的主要因素.本文推导出了时变频率选择性信道下OFDM系统容量表达式,然后分析了子载波间隔对OFDM系统频谱效率的影响,提出了子载波间隔自适应以最大化频谱效率的方法,仿真结果证明此类自适应技术能大幅提高OFDM系统的频谱效率.     

A fast bit-loading algorithm for high speed power line communications

Adaptive bit-loading is a key technology in high speed power line communications with the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation technology. According to the real situation of the transmitting power spectrum limited in high speed power line communications, this paper explored the adaptive bit loading algorithm to maximize transmission bit number when transmitting power spectral density and bit error rate are not exceed upper limit. With the characteristics of the power line channel, first of all, it obtains the optimal bit loading algorithm, and then provides the improved algorithm to reduce the computational complexity. Based on the analysis and simulation, it offers a non-iterative bit allocation algorithm, and finally the simulation shows that this new algorithm can greatly reduce the computational complexity, and the actual bit allocation results close to optimal.     

Delay constrained throughput optimisation with imperfect CSI using discrete adaptive power

Link adaptation is an effective tool to overcome fading effects in wireless links. However, time-varying adaptive transmission rate leads to queueing delay, and moreover, in practise, imperfect channel state information (CSI) is available for the transmitter to adapt its transmission rate and power. This article aims to consider practical constraints to enhance the link adaptation scheme. We reformulate and optimise buffer delay constrained throughput of a wireless link based on outdated noisy CSI. Discrete power adaptation is proposed, in which a limited number of feedback bits (just the index of transmission power level) is required, while the performance is improved compared to the constant power and is close to continuous adaptive power. A unified scheme is set-up, where constant, discrete or continuous adaptive power transmission is utilised considering average or instantaneous bit error rate constraints based on imperfect CSI. The effectiveness of our designs is evaluated by numerical evaluations.     

在OFDM系统中用循环前缀对时变色散信道进行估计

目前，正交频分复用（OFDM）技术困能在无线时变信道中进行高速数据传输而受到广泛的关注。在相干的OFDM系统中，接收机能否获得准确的信道状态信息（CSI）是系统性能提高的关键。为了能在接收端获得准确的CSI和提高系统的传输速率，文中将文献[3]的算法由单路发射推广为I/Q两路发射，采用复抽头系数的FIR滤波器对多径衰落信道进行建模，并用通常被丢弃的循环前缀作为训练序列对信道进行估计和均衡，仿真结果表明改进的算法在相同的子数和子载波和比文献[3]传输效率提高一倍的情况下能有效地自动跟踪信道的变化。     

Fast-Converging Blind Adaptive Channel-Shortening and Frequency-Domain Equalization

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is a popular transmission format for emerging wireless communication systems, including satellite radio, various wireless local area network (LAN) standards, and digital broadcast television. Single-carrier cyclic-prefixed (SCCP) modulation is similar to OFDM, but with all frequency-domain operations performed at the receiver. Systems employing OFDM and SCCP perform well in the presence of multipath provided that the channel delay spread is shorter than the guard interval between transmitted blocks. If this condition is not met, a channel-shortening equalizer can be used to shorten the channel to the desired length. In modestly time-varying environments, an adaptive channel shortener is of interest. All existing adaptive channel shorteners require renormalization to restrain the channel shortener away from zero. In this paper, we study the use of a unit-tap constraint rather than a unit-norm constraint on the adaptive channel shortener. We use this constraint to manipulate existing algorithms into a framework analogous to the recursive least squares algorithm, and we develop adaptation rules for blind and semiblind frequency domain equalizers for SCCP receivers. Simulations of the proposed algorithms show an order of magnitude improvement in convergence speed, as well as a reduced asymptotic bit error rate     

A Dynamic Resource Allocation Scheme for the Downlink Heterogeneous Traffic of Internet Protocol (IP) Based OFDM networks

Radio Resource management mechanisms such as physical-centric radio resource allocation and medium access control (MAC)—centric packet scheduling are expected to play a substantial role in the performance of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based wireless networks. OFDM provide fine granularity for resource allocation since they are capable of dynamically assigning sub-carriers to multiple users and adaptively allocating transmit power. The current layered networking architecture, in which each layer is designed and operated independently, results in inefficient resource use in wireless networks due to the nature of the wireless medium, such as time-varying channel fading. Thus, we need an integrated adaptive design across different layers, allowing for a cross-layer design. In this paper, a scheduling scheme is proposed to dynamically allocate resources for the downlink data transmission of internet protocol based OFDM networks. Generally to maximize the capacity and user satisfaction improvements in packet data admission, scheduling and policing are necessary. Of the three, efficient scheduling has the greatest impact on increased system capacity or effective spectrum usage. In addition, proper scheduling can greatly improve user satisfaction. The contribution of this work is twofold: first we evaluate current allocation schemes by exploiting the knowledge of channel sate information (CSI) and traffic characteristics in terms of queue state information (QSI) to acquire the system performance on a real time network. Second, the resource allocation scheme is extended by incorporating MAC layer information as well as opportunistic packet scheduling in the time-domain-based on minimum weight cost function. The key factors that affect the overall system performance in terms of system average throughput and delay are identified, evaluated and discussed.     

Bit Interleaved Time-Frequency Coded Modulation for OFDM Systems Over Time-Varying Channels

Bit Interleaved Time-Frequency Coded Modulation for OFDM Systems Over Time-Varying Channels Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is a promising technology in broadband wireless communications with its ability in transforming a frequency selective fading channel into multiple flat fading channels. However, the time-varying characteristics of wireless channels induce the loss of orthogonality among OFDM sub-carriers, which was generally considered harmful to system performance. In this paper, we propose a bit interleaved time–frequency coded modulation (BITFCM) scheme for OFDM to achieve both time and frequency diversity inherent in broadband time-varying channels. We will show that the time-varying characteristics of the channel are beneficial to system performance. Using the BITFCM scheme and for relatively low maximum normalized Doppler frequency, a reduced complexity Maximum Likelihood (ML) decoding approach is proposed to achieve good performance with low complexity as well. For high maximum normalized Doppler frequency, the inter-carrier interference (ICI) can be large and an error floor will be induced. To solve this problem, we propose two ICI mitigation schemes by taking advantage of the second order channel statistics and the complete channel information, respectively. It will be shown that both schemes can reduce the ICI significantly.     

An Efficient CSI Feedback Scheme for MIMO-OFDM Wireless Systems

For antenna-array-based multiple-input multiple- output orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) wireless systems, gain in channel throughput reduced through sufficient feedback of the channel state information (CSI) is significant, particularly when the number of transmit antennas is larger than the number of receive antennas. In this letter, we demonstrate that, in such scenarios, (1) the CSI of each OFDM sub-carrier can be parameterized into a short bit stream by a proposed low-complexity QR decomposition on the corresponding MIMO channel matrix, (2) the overall CSI can be reliably represented by a proposed parameter interpolation on the above bit streams of only a fraction of sub-carriers, and (3) a MIMO-OFDM system with a low-rate CSI feedback parameterized above can provide a channel throughput comparable to the channel capacity.