Spectral broadening of pulsating AlxGa1-xAs double heterostructure lasers

The longitudinal mode spectrum of stripe geometry double heterostructure (DH) lasers exhibits a spectral broadening of ∼ 0.8 Å when the laser emits pulsations. The broadening results from a chirp to longer wavelengths which occurs during the ∼ 0.4 ns long pulse. The chirp is due to an increase of the refractive index resulting from the reduction in the carrier concentration during the pulse. Both plasma and band to band interactions affect the index change with the latter mechanism giving the dominant contribution. A comparison of the wavelength shift obtained during the pulse with the current dependent shift of the longitudinal modes at currents well below threshold confirms that the change in carrier concentration is responsible for the chirp.     

3–5 GHz FSK-OOK ultra wideband transmitter based on memristive ring oscillator

The compatibility of a memristor with CMOS technology has attracted the attention of many researchers to explore its application further. In this work, an ultra low-power and low-complexity ultra wideband (UWB) chirp transmitter based on memristive ring oscillator (RO) is designed in 0.18 µm TSMC CMOS technology. The Chirp waveform was chosen because of its low side-lobes and large time-bandwidth product, which allows for more spectrum use. OOK and FSK modulation are supported by the proposed UWB chirp transmitter. The chirp frequency is controlled linearly with time across the pulse duration using memristors. The binary data "1" and "0" are encoded using distinct chirp frequencies in FSK TX. The simulation results show a maximum TX output pulse of 457 mV _Vpp with a pulse width of 21 ns. The overall DC power consumption for a pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of 20 MHz is 0.328 mW, equivalent to an energy consumption of 16.4 pJ/pulse. The simulated output amplitude for OOK TX is 453 mV Vpp with a pulse width of 48 ns and a PSD of ? 10 dB over a frequency range of 3.2 to 4.8 GHz. The overall power consumption at 10 MHz PRF is 0.136 mW, which corresponds to an energy consumption of 13.6 pJ/pulse.

     

Pulse compression acoustic microscopy at 750 MHz

A pulse compression acoustic microscope working at a centre frequency of 750 MHz is reported. The pulse expansion and compression is achieved by SAW dispersive delay lines. The transmitted chirp has a bandwidth of 150 MHz and a dispersion of 1 MHz/ns. A processing gain in excess of 10 dB has been achieved.     

Bias pulse modulator for a high power Kα band (26–40 GHz) impact oscillator

A pulse, modulator for driving K_α band IMPATT diodes is described, which facilitates chirp control and optimization of oscillator performance by current pulse shaping. Peak powers in excess of 20Watts have been achieved, with a pulse duration of 250ns and 0.1% duty cycle.     

Generation of orthogonal UWB shaping pulses based on compressed chirp signal

This study investigates a novel method to numerically generate orthogonal ultrawide band (UWB) shaping pulses based on compressed chirp signal. First, a pulse template with less than 1 ns duration time, which is used to construct a Hermitian matrix, is produced with a compressed chirp pulse. Sub-nanosecond orthogonal pulses are then generated for UWB by using the Hermitian matrix eigenvectors. The simulation results show that the power spectral density distribution of the UWB shaping pulses met the constraint of Federal communications commissions (FCC) spectral mask. The shaping pulses not only have higher spectrum utilization ratio and very short time duration but also have excellent autocorrelation and cross-correlation properties, which is an advantage to reduce the interference between multiusers. Especially, a method to produce sub-nanosecond orthogonal UWB shaping pulses by using a relatively longer duration chirp signal is presented.     

Propagation of a chirp radio pulse in isotropic plasma

The problem of space-time deformation of a chirp radio pulse propagating in cold isotropic collisional plasma is solved analytically. Pulses with rectangular and biexponential initial envelopes are considered as examples to show that, as the covered distance grows, a chirp pulse is at first compressed and then broadened and, simultaneously, the linear increase of the instantaneous frequency observed within the pulse duration changes into an approximately linear decrease. The distance at which a chirp pulse is compressed to the minimum possible duration is estimated, and the effect of absorption on the current shape of the pulse envelope is analyzed.     

超高斯啁啾光脉冲在单模光纤中传输的演化行为

本文从激光脉冲在单模光纤中传输所满足的非线性薛定谔方程出发,通过分步傅里叶变换方法,数值研究了超高斯啁啾光脉冲在单模光纤中脉冲形状的演化.研究表明,超高斯脉冲在单模光纤中传输将经历一个从近平顶、多峰、最后到单峰的演变过程,且高阶色散将引起脉冲形状发生畸变;在GVD和SPM效应的共同作用下,无啁啾的超高斯脉冲在特定条件下将出现孤子演变,具有正啁啾的超高斯脉冲在传输的初始阶段,脉冲形状的变化非常剧烈,而由于负初始啁啾减弱了非线性与色散效应引起的频率啁啾,所以其脉冲波形的变化平缓一些.研究表明,SPM产生的啁啾对入射脉冲的初始啁啾有一定的补偿作用.     

Antenna pulsewidth distortion paradox explained

A paradox of why there can be no pulsewidth distortion for an antenna array which is receiving or transmitting a wide-bandwidth chirp waveform is presented and explained. When a very narrow pulse is received at an off-boresite angle by an antenna array using phase steering, the pulse becomes distorted, that is, dispersed. The pulsewidth spreading is equal to the difference in the times of arrival of the pulse at the opposite ends of the antenna. However, if a wideband chirp waveform instead is incident on the antenna, no dispersion can be made to occur if the antenna is resteered toward the signal source during the time the chirp waveform is being received. The steering prevents frequency scanning of the antenna beam because of the changing carrier frequency of the linear FM chirp waveform. This represents a paradox because the dispersion still exists over the antenna. The author explains why the chirp signal is received undistorted at the output of the antenna in spite of the dispersion     

飞秒脉冲在高非线性光纤中产生超连续谱的特性研究

采用分步傅里叶方法,对飞秒脉冲在高非线性光纤中超连续谱的形成过程进行了研究,分析了脉冲峰值功率,脉冲宽度及初始频率啁啾对超连续谱特性的影响.结果表明,脉冲峰值功率、脉冲宽度以及初始啁啾对超连续谱的形成有着极其重要的影响;当脉冲峰值功率逐渐增大,超连续谱随之愈宽(-20dB处谱宽从170nm展宽到400nm以上),平坦度愈好.与之相反,脉冲宽度逐渐增大,超连续谱展宽范围减小,其平坦度也逐渐劣化;初始负啁啾有利于脉冲SC谱的展宽而正啁啾使脉冲SC谱的展宽受到一定抑制.进一步研究表明,适当的峰值功率超短啁啾脉冲在高非线性光纤传输时,得到没有泵浦成份残余的超宽且平坦超连续谱.     

Analysis of chirp power penalty in 1.55-µm DFB-LD high-speed optical fiber transmission systems

In a 1.55-μm high-speed transmission system using a DFB-LD, the chirp effect in the LD is a factor limiting transmission span length. In order to evaluate the chirp effect, we derive expressions for the chirp power penalty for two cases: the cases of the chirp occurring in both edges of the pulse and in the whole time of the pulse. The calculations based on the results of the LD chirp measurement predict that the chirp effect will be significant above 2 Gbit/s even if the zero dispersion wavelength of fiber is shifted to the 1.55-μm band. Transmission experiments performed at 1.2 Gbit/s and 2.4 Gbit/s verify this prediction.     

Demonstration of down-chirped and chirp-free pulses fromhigh-repetition-rate passively mode-locked lasers

Knowledge and control of the chirp parameters of semiconductor lasers is a prerequisite to obtaining transform-limited pulses and/or to compensate for group velocity dispersion in fiber. Here, we report measurements of the sign and magnitude of chirp in high-repetition-rate mode-locked semiconductor lasers. The chirp of these monolithic lasers is measured in the frequency domain, using filtering and cross-correlation techniques. For different injection currents, a range of different chirp values is measured, including strongly down-chirped pulses at higher injection currents and transform-limited pulses to slightly up-chirped pulses at lower injection currents. The pulse chirp and the resulting broadening are due to the algebraic addition of opposite-signed chirps due to saturation of the absorption section and the gain section. These may cancel each other under some conditions, leading to a soliton-like transform-limited pulse     

SPM对啁啾超高斯脉冲频谱演变的影响

本文通过理论计算,给出了带有初始啁啾的超高斯脉冲由于SPM影响所致的频谱表达式。在此表达式的基础上,利用数值模拟的办法,对照分析了初始啁啾对超高斯脉冲频谱演变的影响。研究结果表明:初始啁啾非常明显的影响超高斯脉冲的频谱,初始正啁啾加剧频谱展宽,初始负啁啾减小频谱展宽。可见,引入初始负啁啾有利于优化超高斯脉冲传输系统的性能。     

高功率啁啾高斯脉冲在光纤中传输的形变研究

从光纤广义非线性薛定谔方程出发,定义了用于衡量脉冲形变大小的脉冲形变因子,定量地分析了在传输过程中脉冲形变因子、临界长度、临界功率及初始啁啾之间的关系。结果表明:在传输过程中,当入射脉冲的峰值功率一定时,正啁啾脉冲的形变比负啁啾脉冲和无啁啾脉冲的形变小;当脉冲的初始啁啾一定时,脉冲传输的临界长度随着传输功率的增加而降低,且随着功率的增大,不同初始啁啾脉冲的临界长度趋于一致;在传输距离一定时,临界功率与初始啁啾呈线性变化,且啁啾的漂移对正啁啾脉冲的临界功率影响较大。     

Fiber optical parametric amplifier pulse source: theory and experiments

An evaluation of a fiber optical parametric amplifier (FOPA)-based pulse source in terms of pulse width and chirp is presented. Experiments are performed when operating the FOPA as a pulse source, requiring a sinusoidally modulated pump. The FOPA is generating pulses at 10 GHz, and are measured using a streak camera capable of measuring pulses as a function of time, wavelength, and intensity. Experimental results are presented together with a theory for chirp and pulse widths that show good agreement.     

掺铒光纤放大器中孤子脉冲获得线性啁啾的研究

为了研究孤子脉冲经掺铒光纤放大器演变后的啁啾特性,采用了对称分步傅立叶的数值方法,对孤子脉冲在不同增益条件下的演变和线性啁啾特性进行了数值仿真。数值计算的结果表明：当满足增益系数μ远大于1时,基孤子脉冲在放大器中传输能够获得很好的线性啁啾,且发现脉冲的啁啾特性受选取的放大器长度参量的影响;啁啾越明显的脉冲,线性啁啾所占的区域越窄。进一步研究还发现初始啁啾系数和孤子阶数对脉冲获得的线性啁啾均有很大影响,初始正啁啾系数和高孤子阶数均能增强输出脉冲的线性啁啾特性。因此,利用孤子脉冲在掺铒光纤放大器中传输的非线性效应能够获得良好的线性啁啾,这对实现高质量的脉冲压缩是很有帮助的。     

Wavelength chirp in a high-κL quarter-wave-shiftedDFB laser: characterization and influence on system performance

Time-resolved and time-averaged chirp measurements of a quarter-wave shifted 1.53-μm DFB laser with a high-coupling coefficient are presented, showing a slow-steady shift towards shorter wavelengths lasting 1.5 ns after the laser is turned on. A simple method of screening for this phenomenon is presented. Transmission on a regular single-mode fiber reveals the effect of pattern-dependent pulse compression causing severe performance degradation in a long-haul NRZ (nonreturn-to-zero) system, but improving that of an RZ system     

啁啾指数脉冲的非线性传输研究

数值研究了初始线性啁啾指数光脉冲在单模光纤反常色散区的非线性传输特性,并将这种特性与双曲正割脉冲的相关特性作了比较.脉冲振幅A=1时,负啁啾对脉冲时域宽度展宽的影响比正啁啾大;指数脉冲受啁啾影响比双曲正割脉冲更敏感.A＞1.2时,脉宽在演化过程中呈周期性衰减振荡,振荡周期和振幅随啁啾|C|(|C|≤2)的增大而增大,最后能演化成光孤子.脉冲演化成光孤子所需的最小振幅A比啁啾双曲正割脉冲的大.     

剩余啁啾对自相关法测量超短脉冲脉宽的影响

为了研究待测超短脉冲存在剩余啁啾对2次谐波自相关法测量脉宽产生的影响,以2次谐波自相关法测量原理为出发点,采用2次耦合波方程数值模拟计算了中心波长800nm、脉宽100fs的超短激光脉冲存在不同啁啾量时,经过偏硼酸钡(β-BaB2O4,BBO)晶体Ⅰ类非共线相位匹配进行2次谐波自相关测量对测量结果的影响。分析发现,正啁啾使测量值比实际值偏大,负啁啾使测量值偏小;负啁啾比正啁啾对脉宽测量的影响更大,当脉冲的啁啾参量C=20时测量误差为23%,而C=-20时测量误差高达53%;且测量误差随啁啾量的增大而增大。模拟计算了非线性晶体厚度对脉宽测量的影响,结果表明,选取较薄的非线性晶体能够有效控制啁啾量引起的测量误差,使用非线性晶体的厚度L≤0.5Ld可将脉宽测量误差控制在理想的范围。     

超高斯光脉冲在单模光纤中的传输特性

从光脉冲在光纤中传输演变所满足的基本方程出发,研究了超高斯光脉冲在普通单模光纤中的传输特性。数值模拟的结果表明,超高斯光脉冲入射后脉冲波形、瞬时啁啾以及峰值强度的演变规律与高斯脉冲入射时不同,脉冲波形不再总保持单峰结构,通常将经历一个从近平顶、多峰、最后到单峰的演变过程;从脉冲的前沿到后沿,瞬时啁啾也不再为线性,而是具有多个极值;峰值强度随传输距离的变化趋势也不再为单调递减,而是先增加后减小。这些变化规律还与入射超高斯脉冲的边沿陡峭程度和初始频率啁啾有关。     

EDFA中基孤子脉冲的传输及啁啾特性

文章数值分析了负色散掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)中基孤子脉冲传输及啁啾特性,给出了一种利用EDFA获得线性啁啾的新方法.数值分析结果发现:增益系数μ>1时,基孤子脉冲在EDFA中传输能够获得很好的线性啁啾,并且啁啾的特性受选取的EDFA长度L的影响,L越大时线性啁啾越明显,线性啁啾所占的脉冲区域越窄.最后计算了输出脉冲在啁啾补偿后获得的压缩因子和基座能量比.