On link layer denial of service in data wireless LANs

In this paper, we investigate the resiliency to jamming of data protocols, such as IP, over WLAN. We show that, on existing WLAN, an adversary can successfully jam data packets at a very low energy cost. Such attacks allow a set of adversary nodes disseminated over an area to prevent communication, partition an ad hoc network or force packets to be routed over adversary chosen paths. The ratio of the jamming pulses duration to the transmission duration can be as low as 10⁻⁴. We investigate and analyze the performance of combining a cryptographic interleaver with various coding schemes to improve the robustness of wireless LANs for IP packets transmission 1 . A concatenated code that is simple to decode and can maintain a low frame error rate (FER) under a jamming effort ratio of 15%. We argue that LDPC codes will be very suitable to prevent this type of jamming. We investigate the theoretical limits by analyzing the performance derived from upper bounds on binary error‐control codes. We also propose an efficient anti‐jamming technique for IEEE802.11b based on Reed–Solomon codes. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analysis of reactive jamming against satellite communications

In this paper, we analyze the feasibility of reactive jamming in a satellite communications scenario and propose a countermeasure that takes advantage of the constraints associated with reactive jamming. A reactive jammer is a type of jammer that has the ability to sense a portion of spectrum and immediately transmit a jamming signal when it senses a signal it wants to jam. Thus, a reactive jammer can counter the processing gain associated with frequency hopping spread spectrum. This paper provides a three‐step approach to analyzing the primary constraints associated with reactive jamming, as well as detailed example scenarios (both theoretical and simulated) that demonstrate the feasibility analysis. Additional clarity is provided by splitting the analysis into uplink and downlink jamming. A strategy to mitigate the effects of reactive jamming is presented, which takes advantage of the geometric constraints of reactive jamming by using a coding and interleaving scheme that results in the transmitted bits appearing at the very beginning of each hop. This work demonstrates that reactive jamming is a valid threat to satellite communication systems. The analysis and simulation results suggest that as long as the geographical area around user terminals is free of reactive jammers, substantial mitigation can be achieved using the proposed mitigation strategy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于栈式稀疏自编码器的新型干扰识别

为了有效应对频谱弥散干扰(SMSP)和切片组合干扰(C&I)两种新型干扰,提出了一种基于栈式稀疏自编码器的识别算法。该算法首先对干扰与否的雷达接收信号进行双谱分析;然后对双谱特征进行降维,得到高维样本。预训练阶段,构造稀疏自编码器神经网络模型进行无标签样本的预训练;然后根据有标签数据对该模型参数进行有监督微调;最后利用Softmax分类器完成新型干扰的识别。仿真实验证明该方法有较高的识别率,特别是相较于其他文献方法,该方法受信噪比影响最小且识别效果最佳。说明了深度学习方法应用于雷达新型干扰信号识别领域的可行性和优越性。     

Concatenated coding schemes and interleaving techniques over Rayleigh fading ionospheric channels

In this paper the performance of a concatenated coding scheme is evaluated over a slow Rayleigh fading HF ionospheric link with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). Well‐known Ungerboeck TCM techniques onto an 8‐PSK signal set are used as inner codes and Reed–Solomon block codes as outer codes. The coded/modulated signal is further differentially encoded before transmission to combat random phase changes. Block interleaving techniques are necessary to randomise long bursts of errors caused by the fading channel. The performance of the proposed concatenated coding system is investigated for various Doppler spreads. Significant coding gains are achieved over uncoded, diversity or other conventionally coded systems with a small bandwidth expansion. Finally the interesting effects of interleaving on the behaviour of the proposed systems are analysed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Turbo Product Codes Based on Convolutional Codes

In this article, we introduce a new class of product codes based on convolutional codes, called convolutional product codes. The structure of product codes enables parallel decoding, which can significantly increase decoder speed in practice. The use of convolutional codes in a product code setting makes it possible to use the vast knowledge base for convolutional codes as well as their flexibility in fast parallel decoders. Just as in turbo codes, interleaving turns out to be critical for the performance of convolutional product codes. The practical decoding advantages over serially‐concatenated convolutional codes are emphasized.     

抗干扰技术分析

抗干扰技术是现代信息战争的支柱,必须研究有效的抗干扰技术以对付日益严重的干扰威胁。介绍了干扰和抗干扰的几种方式,给出了扩频、自适应天线、自适应干扰抑制、纠错编码+交织技术、自适应功率控制和自适应选频等多种抗干扰技术,论述了电调滤波技术抗干扰的工作原理,重点分析了电调滤波器的实现及在抗干扰通信中的优点,指出了固定宽带滤波器的不足,探讨了未来电子对抗的发展方向。     

Error correcting codes for fast frequency-hopped MFSK spread-spectrum satellite communications under worst case jamming

Spread-spectrum techniques such as frequency hopping (FH) have been used to reduce the vulnerability of satellite communications to jamming. In such a system, error correcting (EC) codes play an essential role. Thus a knowledge of the performance of various EC codes is necessary in order to choose an EC code and related system parameters in the design of an anti-jam system, this paper examines the performance of various types of error correcting codes under worst case partial band noise jamming and worst case multitone jamming using fast frequency-hopped, non-coherent M-ary frequency-shift keying (NCMFSK) with optimum diversity. A comprehensive study including convolutional codes, binary and non-binary block codes and concatenated codes has been conducted. This paper presents bit error rate (BER) performances of various error correcting codes. New candidate codes with superior anti-jam performance are identified.     

针对前向纠错编码的脉冲干扰技术研究

数字通信系统通常采用前向纠错编码提高系统可靠性,传统干扰方法针对采用前向纠错编码通信系统的干扰效果较差,为了克服此缺点,提出了通过控制错误分布的脉冲干扰方法。分析了典型卷积码和RS码的纠错能力,根据2种纠错编码的特性分别探讨了干扰信号设计原则和方法。计算机仿真表明,针对不同的编码样式采用特定脉冲干扰参数,能够取得更好的干扰效果。     

大气无线光信道下基于光子计数的迭代译码性能

为了克服大气无线光信道中光强闪烁带来的长突发错误,本文提出了一种基于光子计数的迭代译码方案,并分析基于大气无线光信道下的译码性能.仿真结果表明,本方案不仅提高了系统的抗突发错误性能,并且与传统的信道交织+级连码方案相比,具有不引入信道交织时延和易于硬件实现的优点.     

Turbo码中常用的交织技术

本文简要介绍了信道编码的关键技术 -交织技术并给出了几种常用的交织器原理与结构。在此基础上着重介绍了适用于Turbo码的几种特殊的交织器。     

Coded Error Probability for DS Spread-Spectrum Systems with Periodic Pulsed Multiple-Tone Interference

The coded error probability for direct sequence (DS) BPSK or QPSK spread-spectrum systems, used with or without interleaving, and operating in the presence of pulsed multiple-tone interference, is investigated. We consider the worst-case channel error probability under conditions of pulsed multiple-tone jamming for the various systems, and present coded error probability as a function of interleaving delay for(n, k)block codes with hard-decision decoding. It is shown that when the maximum level of continuous multiple-tone interference does not exceed the level of the desired signal, the duty cycle of the corresponding pulsed interference which yields the worst-case error probability is usually small, and that the smaller the duty factor of the jamming, the more considerable is the performance improvement due to the use of interleaving in conjunction with the coding.     

An anti‐repeater‐jamming approach based on blind source separation for the downlink of satellite communication systems

In this paper, an anti‐jamming approach is proposed for the downlink of satellite communication systems when encountering a hostile repeater‐jamming. Based on blind source separation, this approach can eliminate repeater‐jamming by separating the mixtures of the communication signals and the repeater‐jamming. Meanwhile, oversampling method is employed to transform the underdetermined mixing of signals into a determined mixing for facilitating the separation. In the simulations, the symbol error ratio (SER) of the separated communication signals can approximate the theory SER, and the anti‐repeater‐jamming capacity can arrive to nearly 28 dB.     

多进制正交扩频系统的灵巧干扰

短波第三代自动链路建立(3G-ALE)系统中的突发波形采用多进制正交扩频调制,所使用的扩频码为Walsh码。经扩频处理的信号频谱被展宽,但能量在频谱上的分布仍相对集中于部分特定的频点。系统通过对扩频信号叠加扰码的方法将信号能量分散在整个信号带宽内。针对3G-ALE系统的这一特点,提出了解扩相关器输出干扰分量最大化的干扰准则,设计了基于扰码同步的灵巧干扰信号。仿真结果表明,灵巧干扰与常规干扰相比有更为卓越的干扰性能。     

对线性调频体制雷达的调频干扰设计与仿真

针对相控阵雷达中的线性调频信号特点,研究了多种调频干扰方式对其的干扰效果。首先阐述了调频干扰的干扰机理,分析了相关参数的作用。然后通过正弦调频预加重干扰、锯齿波调频预加重干扰、噪声调频预加重干扰的仿真实验,验证了调频干扰对线性调频信号的理论可行性,为之后的工程应用提供了参考。     

Channel coding for satellite mobile channels

The deployment of channel coding and interleaving to enhance the bit-error performance of a satellite mobile radio channel is addressed for speech and data transmissions. Different convolutional codes (CC) using Viterbi decoding with soft decision are examined with inter-block interleaving. Reed-Solomon (RS) codes with Berlekamp-Massey hard decision decoding or soft decision trellis decoding combined with block interleaving are also investigated. A concatenated arrangement employing RS and CC coding as the outer and inner coders, respectively, is used for transmissions via minimum shift keying (MSK) over Gaussian and Rayleigh fading channels. For an interblock interleaving period of 2880 bits, a concatenated arrangement of an RS(48,36). over the Galois field GF(256) and punctured PCC(3,1,7) yielding an overall coding rate of 1/2, provides a coding gain of 42dB for a BER of 10^?6, and an uncorrectable error detection probability of 1–10^?9.     

基于改进型最大信噪比算法的抗压制性干扰研究

自雷达诞生以来,抗干扰能力一直是评价一部雷达性能的关键性指标,特别是随着战场电磁环境的日益复杂,雷达抗干扰问题变得尤其重要。针对抗压制性干扰,改进了传统意义上基于最大信噪比的盲源分离算法,提出了使用干扰重构算法取代滑动平均处理的方法,获得了比传统方法分离出质量更高的雷达信号,输出信号与源信号相关性更强。     

删余Turbo码的交织删余的综合设计研究

删余（Puncturing）是构造高码率Turbo码的主要方法。介绍了删截Turbo码的原理，研究了交织和删余相结合的综合设计删余Turbo码的思想，基于这种思想，设计了一种新颖的交织删余结合的删余Turbo码的设计方案，并给出了实现算法。仿真表明，该综合设计获得了更为优越的性能特性。     

一种对 SAR-GM TI 的密集假目标干扰技术

针对合成孔径雷达地面运动目标指示（SAR‐GMTI）的快速发展,有效的干扰措施将是对抗SAR‐GMTI的关键。虚假运动目标干扰能够产生逼真的虚假目标,但产生的虚假目标数量有限;噪声卷积干扰能够获得雷达匹配的处理增益,并且能够产生压制式的干扰效果。结合2种干扰特性,提出一种对SAR‐GMTI的噪声卷积密集假目标干扰技术,该干扰技术能够产生大量的虚假运动目标,并且兼具欺骗式和压制式干扰效果。计算机仿真表明了该技术的有效性。     

最佳遮盖性干扰的应用研究

本文从最佳遮盖干扰认证的理论出发,得出正态噪声是各种噪声干扰的最佳波形,否定了其为干扰雷达的最佳波形。并提出了一种栅状非噪声压制干扰信号,经过与噪声调幅干扰信号、噪声调频干扰信号相互对比,栅状非噪声压制干扰信号在理论上有较好的干扰效果。     

Low complexity concatenated coding schemes for digital satellite communications

A study of reduced complexity concatenated coding schemes, for commercial digital satellite systems with low-cost earth terminals, is reported. The study explored trade-offs between coding gain, overall rate and decoder complexity, and compared concatenated schemes with single codes. It concentrated on short block and constraint length inner codes, with soft decision decoding, concatenated with a range of Reed-Solomon outer codes. The dimension of the inner code was matched to the outer code symbol size, and appropriate interleaving between the inner and outer codes was used. Very useful coding gains were achieved with relatively high-rate, low-complexity schemes. For example, concatenating the soft decision decoded (9,8) single parity check inner code with the CCSDS recommended standard Reed-Solomon outer code gives a coding gain of 4.8dB at a bit error probability of 10^?5, with an overall rate of 0-78.