形心匹配优化下的狭长空间近距离轨迹测量系统

在基于双目视觉的三维轨迹测量中,双目同名点的高精度匹配是提高测量精度的关键。在狭长空间的近距离测量场景下,针对双目拍摄角度不同导致仅用形心法定位匹配的轨迹测量精度不高的问题,研制了一种形心匹配优化下的狭长空间近距离轨迹测量系统。首先,在仅用形心法对目标物体定位匹配的基础上利用极线约束投影进行双目形心的二次定位;其次,提出了一种基于距离和方法权重的灰度互相关方法进行双目形心的亚像素匹配;最后,通过卡尔曼滤波对于目标物体的三维重建运动轨迹进行滤波修正。实验结果表明：该轨迹测量系统通过对多方法组合优化,显著提高了狭长空间近距离条件下的轨迹测量精度,在128 mm的全量程测量范围内对纹理较好目标物体的平均轨迹长度测量误差为13.14μm,测量精度约为0.01%,相比于仅用形心法定位匹配,轨迹长度测量精度提高了94.3%。     

高危生产区域人员定位节点的电路设计

为了适应室内人员追踪定位系统对节点体积、供电、定位精度等的要求,提出了一种以ATmega128L单片机和NA5TR1无线收发芯片为核心的无线定位节点的硬件电路设计方案。ATmega128L单片机具有低功耗的休眠模式,能有效降低节点功耗,NA5TR1无线收发芯片采用线性调频扩频技术进行测距,经实验证明,该测距方法能有效地提高测距精度,从而提高定位的精度。     

一种无源定位系统时差测量方法

讨论了无源定位的几种基本方法,介绍了时差定位的原理。研究了当前基于测量时差无源定位系统,及系统中存在的不足。提出了一种使用短时傅里叶变换提高时差测量精度的方法。最后,对此方法构成的时差无源定位系统做了计算机仿真,仿真结果显示,此方法具有时差测量精度高等优点,提高了整个无源定位系统的定位精度。     

无线传感网络的改进嵌入式节点定位系统设计

由于传感器中定位节点成本相对较高且系统繁杂,易导致节点自我定位功能的误差甚至失效等问题。为了更好地对无线传感网络系统进行设计,以实现高精度定位的系统设计为目标,主要对无线传感网络系统的软件部分进行改进。结合嵌入式节点定位系统进行创新和优化,建立了一种嵌入式无线传感网络控制节点定位系统。从而提高定位系统运行的可靠性、准确性和灵活性,以便使系统能够更好地适用于不同的应用检测定位环境。为验证系统的有效性进行仿真实验,实验结果证明,该方法可有效提高无线传感网络技术定位的精准性和可靠性,有效弥补了传统定位系统中存在的不足,具有更高的参考和实用价值。     

无线传感器网络(WSN)定位系统设计

针对现有无线定位系统中,定位引擎算法固化导致应用缺少灵活性、成本高的问题,提出一种集成ZigBee无线收发器和微控制器的CC2430为核心器件,并配以终端软件的集中式无线传感器网络定位系统方案.该方案利用软件方法实现较高的定位精度,降低对硬件的要求,减少了无线传感器定位系统的成本.无线定位网络主要由协调器节点、参考节点和盲节点组成,系统采集盲节点到各参考节点的信号强度指示值(RSSI),值通过协调器RS232接口与上位机实现通信,并根据不同的应用环境由上位机选择合适的RSSI定位算法,实时获取盲节点位置.实验表明该方案切实可行有效.     

工作空间测量定位系统最佳测量点的确定方法

工作空间测量定位系统(workspace Measuring and Positioning System,wMPS)是一种基于旋转激光扫描平面交会的室内大尺寸定位系统.它可实现计量精度的三维坐标测量,主要应用于制造加工及装配领域的测量和检测任务.作为一种大尺寸的测量系统,与中小尺寸测量系统相比,它的测量空间与测量精度的矛盾更加突出.如何寻找此系统所覆盖测量空间内精度最高的一个点或者以此点为中心的一个区域是一个非常重要而且有意义的问题.从该测量系统的测量原理出发,与传统经纬仪相对比,给出一种利用解算方程系数矩阵的条件数作为评价空间交会优劣的评价模型,继而引入粒子群算法来求解测量空间内的最佳测量点,实验结果表明:评价模型和对应的求解方法是正确的,也是有效的,利用此方法得到的测量点为中心的区域坐标不确定度最小,而且此方法为今后的发射站布局问题的研究打下了有益的基础.     

FASTRAK在高密度头相关传输函数测量中的应用

高密度头相关传输函数测量对声源空间方位的精度有更高要求,因此要有精度较高的声源定位装置（系统）,并对定位系统的误差进行校准。使用FASTRAK电磁追踪器对测量高密度HRTF的定位系统进行误差校准。FASTRAK的空间分辨率为0.01°,静态精度为0.15°,经定位系统精度校准后,声源方位角误差可控制在0.1°±0.15°的范围内。文中测量高密度HRTF数据库的最小方位角间隔为2.5°,上述误差基本满足测量要求。     

基于测距传感器的WMPS非接触测量方法

为了解决现有的工作空间测量定位系统（WMPS）中柔性待测物表面形变及大尺寸测量空间内遮挡等问题,提出了一种基于测距传感器的非接触测量方法,并设计了基于该方法的测量靶。首先建立了该方法的测量模型,将测量靶抽象为若干个控制点和一个矢量;然后通过发射站的数学模型推导出了测量靶姿态迭代解算方法,并通过单位四元数估计法给出了该迭代算法的初值生成方法;最后采用自标定方法对测量靶进行了参量标定,并依托天津大学研制的WMPS系统进行了精度验证实验。结果表明,该测量靶的重复性测量精度为1mm,距离测量精度为2.5mm。该方法使得WMPS系统的测量范围扩大并保持了较高的空间3维坐标测量精度。     

临近空间无人作战平台电子侦察定位技术

介绍了单个快速平台定位和多个慢速平台定位的工作原理。单个快速平台定位系统采用相位差变化率定位和多普勒变化率定位两种定位体制,多个慢速平台定位系统采用测向交会定位和时差交会定位两种定位体制。最后通过计算机仿真数据,指出定位精度与测向精度、时差测量精度、相位差变化率精度等参数的关系。     

基于TOA和DOA联合估计的UWB定位方法

对于UWB定位系统而言,利用时间参数估计信号源的位置需要多个参考节点,这样增加了系统的开销。如果参考节点既能估计目标源的时间参数又能估计角度参数,理论上一个参考节点就可以确定目标源的位置。该文提出一种UWB系统TOA(到达时间)和DOA(到达角度)参数联合估计的定位方法,该方法使用矩阵束算法估计出时间参数和角度参数,进而得到目标的相对坐标。该方法通过单个接收机就可以确定目标的位置,减少了定位系统负担。仿真实验证实了该方法估计时延和角度精度较高,而且定位精度能够达到厘米级,是一种简单可行的UWB系统定位方法。     

融合光电扫描定位的大构件整体形貌测量方法

针对航空、航天、船舶等制造领域大构件形貌测量的大量程、高数据密度、高效率、结构复杂等特点,研究了一种融合光电扫描全局定位和终端形貌测量技术的大构件高分辨率几何形貌整体测量方法。通过条纹投影摄影测量系统在构件局部表面投射相位条纹,获取高精度稠密点云,设计了位姿测量算法,解决了复杂现场不满足交会条件时无法实现位姿测量的问题,在室内空间测量定位系统（workshop Measurement Positioning System,wMPS）组建的全局测量网络体系中,对条纹投影摄影测量系统进行全局定位。从而在不依赖软件拼接算法的情况下,通过数据融合完成了大构件整体形貌测量。实验结果表明:该系统的点云密度为50点/mm2,整体测量精度可达0.22 mm。     

Fuzzy logic based 3D localization in wireless sensor networks using invasive weed and bacterial foraging optimization

The purpose of this paper is to improve the performance of node localization in 3D space for wireless sensor network. To achieve this objective, we propose two range free localization algorithms for 3D space in anisotropic environment using the application of bacterial foraging optimization (BFO) and invasive weed optimization (IWO). In proposed methods, only received signal strength (RSS) information between nodes is sufficient for estimating target nodes locations. The RSS information gives clue to find out the distances between target nodes and anchor nodes. To overcome the non-linearity between RSS and distance, edge weights between target nodes and their neighbouring anchor nodes are considered to estimate the positions of target nodes. To further reduce the computational complexity and to model the edge weights, we use fuzzy logic system in this paper. BFO and IWO techniques are used to further optimize the edge weights separately to achieve the better localization accuracy. The simulation results show the superiority of the proposed algorithms as compared to centroid method, weighted centroid and existing 3D localization algorithms in terms of localization accuracy, stability, positioning coverage and scalability.     

A Novel Method to Select Minimum Neighbors in Cooperative Localization Network

Cooperative localization is an emerging paradigm that circumvents the needs for high-power, high-density anchor deployment, and offers additional positioning accuracy by exchanging information between adjacent agents. Considering that positioning accuracy only need to meet the application requirements, too high positioning accuracy means that too much redundant information is exchanged. This paper presents a neighbors selection algorithm that tries to meet the positioning accuracy required by an application , while the system consumption is optimized. More specifically, this proposed algorithm tries to minimize the number of neighbors involved in cooperation on the basis of the equivalent Fisher information matrix. Before putting forward the algorithm, we first introduce the notion of equivalent Fisher information and characterize localization accuracy called the squared position error bound. Then we find that not only the Fisher information of neighbor nodes determines the positioning accuracy of the agent to be located, but also the direction of Fisher information affected the positioning accuracy. Based on this, an algorithm for selecting the minimum cooperative subset is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can obviously improving the utilization of energy compared to other commonly used methods by exchanging information with a few nodes, while achieving the specified positioning accuracy.

     

无线传感器网络中DV-Hop定位算法的改进

无线传感器网络中基于无需测距的节点定位算法定位精度不高,一般应用在粗精度定位中。为了提高基于无需测距的DV-Hop算法定位精度,利用最小均方差准则改进算法,通过修改指数值精化平均每一跳距离,提出不同通信半径、不同锚节点覆盖率下的最佳指数值概念,并应用在一种锚节点均匀分布环境中,进一步提高定位精度。MTLAB仿真结果表明,在最佳指数值下,改进的算法在不同锚节点覆盖率、不同通信半径下能提高定位精度,同时不会增加节点能量消耗与硬件成本。     

Research on mobile strategy of anchor node based on weighted virtual force model

The existing mobility strategy of the anchor node in wireless sensor network (WSN) has the shortcomings of too long moving path and low positioning accuracy when the anchor node traverses the network voids area.A new mobility strategy of WSN anchor node was proposed based on an improved virtual forces model.The number of neighbor nodes and the distance between the neighbor nodes to the anchor nodes were introduced as their own dense weight attributes.The unknown nodes intensity was used as weights to improve the traditional virtual force model.Meantime the distance-measuring error ε was taken into account.The optimal distribution,direction selection,shift step length and fallback strategy of anchor node could be analyzed by the trilateration.Using the number of virtual beacon received by the unknown node and the distance between the unknown node to the anchor node calculate the virtual force.Then according to the virtual force,the direction was chosen and the anchor nodes were moved.Simulation experiments show that the strategy can make the anchor nodes move according to the specific circumstances of unknown node distribution.It has a high positioning accuracy and strong adaptability.It can successfully shorten the path of the anchor node movement and reduce the number of virtual beacon.Moreover it can effectively avoid the anchor node to enter the network voids area and reduce the number of collinear virtual anchor nodes.     

无线传感器网络中一种改进的DV-Hop定位算法研究

节点定位算法是无线传感器网络中的关键技术。针对DV-Hop定位算法定位精度不高的问题,提出一种改进的DV-Hop定位算法,通过减小全网平均跳距与真实的平均跳距的差距,重新修订不在网络区域的未知节点的坐标,提高平均跳距取值的准确性。仿真结果表明,在同等网络环境下,改进的DV-Hop定位算法的定位误差减小,能有效提高节点的定位精度。     

The Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Localization Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks

As one of the key techniques in wireless sensor networks (WSN), localization algorithm has been a research hot topic and indispensable function in most wireless applications. In order to promote localization accuracy and efficiency, a lot of localization algorithms with different performances and computation complexities have been proposed. The paper discusses the drawbacks of some typical works on localization, and proposes a hybrid localization algorithm integrated with approximate point in triangle (APIT) and distance vector-hop (DV-HOP). To address the positioning accuracy and coverage rate, the objectives of this paper are three folds: firstly, adopting angle detection to determine the exact direction of unknown nodes. Then, the APIT algorithm is adopted over all unknown nodes within the triangle and its localization error is reduced from 14.7215 m in conventional APIT to 3.2348 m in the considered scenario. Finally, the DV-HOP algorithm is adopted with different weights for the nodes within the minimum hops, and localizes the rest unknown nodes in WSN with localization accuracy increased by 49%.     

无线传感器网络一种改进的convex定位算法

以convex(凸规划)定位算法为基础,针对range-free定位算法中anchor(已知节点)比例低带来的定位精度低、网络覆盖率低的问题,提出了二跳信息改进定位算法。该算法中,未知节点在通信中加入自身邻居anchor的ID和位置信息并发送给邻居节点,相应的邻居节点从中确定自己的二跳邻居anchor,并利用二跳邻居anchor的二跳通信范围来减小未知节点的可能存在区域,进而提高未知节点的定位精度。仿真表明,二跳信息改进定位算法在anchor节点比例较低情况下能有效提高定位精度,而在anchor节点比例较高时接近原convex算法定位精度,并且网络规模越大这种提高越显著。