斜拉桥斜拉索永磁电涡流杠杆质量阻尼减振技术

为了解决恶劣环境下大跨径斜拉桥斜拉索振动控制问题,提出了永磁电涡流杠杆质量减振器(ELMD)减振技术。基于ELMD的构造特性及减振机理,推导了ELMD导体盘单体的旋转阻尼系数及系统的等效阻尼参数,以中朝鸭绿江界河公路大桥为背景,计算了安装该阻尼器后的斜拉索的阻尼特性,并进行了实桥振动控制性能测试。结果表明,安装ELMD后,斜拉索的振动衰减明显;ELMD阻尼器能够满足该桥斜拉索的阻尼减振要求。ELMD阻尼减振技术可有效解决恶劣环境下大跨度斜拉桥斜拉索振动控制问题。     

阻尼减振技术及其在桥梁与塔式结构中的应用

介绍了附加质量型及阻尼型阻尼减振技术原理。简要综术字多种阻尼减振技术，如调谐质量阻尼器ＴＭＤ，调谐液体阻尼器ＴＬＤ、调谐液尼器ＴＬＣＤ，冲击式阻尼器ＩＤ与ＰＩＤ，粘性剪切阻尼器ＶＳＤ等在九江长江大桥吊杆，灯柱，深圳仿埃菲尔铁塔，武汉长江二桥斜拉索上的应用。     

沪苏通长江公铁大桥主航道桥斜拉索振动控制技术

沪苏通长江公铁大桥主航道桥为主跨1 092m的公铁两用钢桁梁斜拉桥,斜拉索最长达576.193m、重达83.5t。针对该桥斜拉索超长、超重的特点,施工期和运营期分别采用临时阻尼减振装置和永久附加阻尼减振装置来抑制斜拉索振动。施工期斜拉索临时阻尼减振装置通过在传统钢丝绳措施上串联1个阻尼模块,适应不同施工阶段斜拉索的状态变化,并控制斜拉索施工期的振动。运营期采用新型电涡流杠杆质量阻尼器(ELMD),利用电涡流阻尼器控制斜拉索面内振动、油阻尼器控制斜拉索面外振动,并进行实桥试验验证。结果表明:斜拉索的阻尼对数衰减率达7%,满足斜拉索阻尼减振要求;ELMD阻尼器安装后,风荷载激励下的振幅从2.15g降低至0.04g,共振主频消失、减振效果明显。     

中铁大桥科学研究院桥梁结构振动控制研究中心

<正>桥梁结构振动控制研究中心作为桥科院"三位一体"发展战略的重要组成部分,着力于对桥梁和建筑结构的振动控制产品进行研发和应用。中心以科技创新为龙头、精工细作为准则,以持续领先的核心技术研发带动行业技术进步为己任,经过多年来的发展,在斜拉索振动控制领域,自主研发了粘性剪切阻尼器(VSD)、油阻尼器(OD)、永磁式磁流变阻尼器(MRD)、杠杆质量阻尼器(LMD)、摆式杠杆质量阻尼器(PLMD)、永磁电涡流杠杆质量阻尼器(ELMD)等产品;在桥梁和建筑结构调谐式减振技术领域,自主研发了质     

中铁大桥科学研究院 桥梁结构振动控制研究中心

正桥梁结构振动控制研究中心作为桥科院"三位一体"发展战略的重要组成部分,着力于对桥梁和建筑结构的振动控制产品进行研发和应用。中心以科技创新为龙头、精工细作为准则,以持续领先的核心技术研发带动行业技术进步为己任,经过多年来的发展,在斜拉索振动控制领域,自主研发了粘性剪切阻尼器(VSD)、油阻尼器(OD)、永磁式磁流变阻尼器(MRD)、杠杆质量阻尼器(LMD)、摆式杠杆质量阻尼器(PLMD)、永磁电涡流杠杆质量阻尼器(ELMD)等产品;在桥梁和建筑结构调谐式减振技术领域,自主研发了质     

中铁大桥局集团武汉桥梁科学研究院有限公司 桥梁结构振动控制研究中心

<正>桥梁结构振动控制研究中心作为桥科院"三位一体"发展战略的重要组成部分,着力于对桥梁和建筑结构的振动控制产品进行研发和应用。中心以科技创新为龙头、精工细作为准则,以持续领先的核心技术研发带动行业技术进步为己任,经过多年来的发展,在斜拉索振动控制领域,自主研发了粘性剪切阻尼器(VSD)、油阻尼器(OD)、永磁式磁流变阻尼器(MRD)、杠杆质量阻尼器(LMD)、摆式杠杆质量阻尼器(PLMD)、永磁电涡流杠杆质量阻尼器(ELMD)等产品;在桥梁和建筑结构调谐式减振技术领域,自主研发了质     

摆式碰撞双重调谐质量阻尼器减振性能研究

柔性高耸桥塔具有刚度低、阻尼小等特点，极易在强风以及地震等动力荷载下产生大幅振动。摆式调谐质量阻尼器(Pendulum Tuned Mass Damper，简称摆式TMD)是目前常用的高耸结构被动控制方法，但其具有参数敏感、控制频域窄、阻尼实现手段复杂等突出缺点。为此，提出了一种摆式碰撞双重调谐质量阻尼器(Pendulum Pounding Double Tuned Mass Damper，简称PPDTMD)，该阻尼器具有双重调频能力，既提高了其减振性能，也解决了传统摆式TMD需要外接阻尼元件和碰撞式TMD噪声问题。建立了多自由度结构与摆式碰撞双重调谐质量阻尼器耦合系统的运动方程，通过参数搜索方法确定了其最优设计参数，拟合得到简化设计公式，对比了PPDTMD与传统摆式TMD的减振效果。以某自立桥塔为研究对象，分别研究了在涡振、地震、强风荷载作用下PPDTMD的抑振性能。研究结果表明:PPDTMD具有双重调谐特性，减振性能显著提升，当质量比为4%时，PPDTMD相对于理想摆式TMD、实际摆式TMD的动力放大系数峰值分别下降了11%和46%;在PPDTMD控制下，自立桥塔涡激共振(简谐激励)作用下的塔顶位移响应幅值减振率为71.9%；Kobe波作用下的塔顶位移峰值及均方值减振率分别为34.7%和60.2%；抖振力作用下的塔顶位移峰值及均方值减振率分别为26.9%和43.5%;不同动力荷载下PPDTMD的减振性能均优于传统摆式TMD。     

Halbach阵列板式电涡流阻尼单元参数分析与优化设计

为了提高板式电涡流阻尼单元的耗能效率，在板式电涡流阻尼单元中引入了Halbach永磁阵列，并开展了参数分析和优化设计研究。首先制作了一个Halbach阵列板式电涡流阻尼单元，并通过试验验证了采用三维电磁有限元分析计算其阻尼系数的可靠性。然后基于三维电磁有限元分析方法，研究了永磁体厚度、磁极数、磁极对数、极长比及永磁体背铁对Halbach阵列板式电涡流阻尼单元阻尼系数的影响。最后提出了二维电磁有限元分析与MATLAB遗传算法相结合的板式电涡流阻尼单元永磁阵列参数优化方法，并通过算例分别对有背铁Halbach阵列、无背铁Halbach阵列、垂向极化阵列和纵向极化阵列等4种方案进行了优化设计。研究结果表明：在一定范围内增加永磁体厚度能显著提高Halbach阵列板式电涡流阻尼单元的阻尼系数；在永磁体阵列总长度不变的情况下，阻尼系数随着Halbach阵列磁极数量的增大而增大，但增速逐渐减慢；设置永磁体背铁可提高Halbach阵列板式电涡流阻尼单元的阻尼系数，但永磁体厚度较大或磁极数较多时，其影响逐渐减弱；存在最优极长比使阻尼系数最大，其中有背铁时约为0.65,无背铁时约为0.5。针对优化设计算例...     

大跨度斜拉桥施工期斜拉索减振技术研究及应用

针对大跨度斜拉桥施工期间斜拉索减振的特定要求,研发一种由钢丝绳与剪切型高阻尼橡胶阻尼装置串联组成的斜拉索临时阻尼器。首先基于Kelvin模型理论推导了斜拉索-临时阻尼器的振动方程,利用复模态分解得到斜拉索的对数衰减率;然后通过高阻尼橡胶阻尼装置的性能试验、斜拉索-临时阻尼器振动系统的数值模拟以及实桥测试,开展临时阻尼器减振性能研究。结果表明:橡胶阻尼装置的储能刚度和附加阻尼系数随减振橡胶剪切面积的增加而增大;实桥试验索减振效果较好,设计的临时阻尼器可以有效抑制施工期间斜拉索的振动,且安装拆卸方便;在平潭海峡公铁大桥的应用过程中,斜拉索-临时阻尼器系统的对数衰减率达到3%以上,减振效果良好;该阻尼器作为大跨度斜拉桥施工期斜拉索临时减振装置,具有良好的推广和使用价值。     

永磁调节式磁流变阻尼器在浏阳河大桥的应用

永磁调节式磁流变阻尼器具有不需电源和阻尼力可调的优点。该文通过试验研究了该磁流变阻尼器的力学性能,针对长沙浏阳河大桥拉索振动问题,提出了永磁调节式磁流变阻尼器拉索减振方案。现场减振试验和实际应用结果表明,该阻尼器具有很好的减振效果。     

Experimental evaluation of modally distributed damping in heavy vehicles

This work presents theory as well as implementation of a modally distributed damping system with electronically controlled variable dampers. The presented approach follows from estimation of vehicle modal motions, through calculation of desirable modal damping forces to distribution of forces on the utilised dampers. The response time of the damping system is first evaluated in a damper test rig. The damping system is then implemented on a 4×2 tractor that is connected to a semi-trailer. Several road tests are performed to investigate how the system work under real driving conditions on a real vehicle, that includes nonlinearities and chassis frame flexibility that are theoretically unaccounted for, together with the limitations that comes with the control algorithm implementation. It is shown that the approach works and that it results in a considerable improvement for both the bounce and pitch modes, i.e. the system enables selecting damping for the sprung mass modes separately.     

Development and Evaluation of a High Voltage Supply Unit for Electrorheological Fluid Dampers

SUMMARY

Controllable dampers using electrorheological (ER) fluids have attracted considerable interest in recent years. They are proposed for use in semi-active suspensions for ground vehicles. The main advantages of ER fluid dampers are their fast response, ease of control, simple construction and low power requirements. This paper describes the development and testing of a high-voltage supply unit for modulating the damping force of an ER fluid damper. Experimental results on the vibration isolation characteristics of an ER fluid damper with different control strategies, obtained using a quarter-car model test rig, are also presented.     

Development and Evaluation of a High Voltage Supply Unit for Electrorheological Fluid Dampers

Controllable dampers using electrorheological (ER) fluids have attracted considerable interest in recent years. They are proposed for use in semi-active suspensions for ground vehicles. The main advantages of ER fluid dampers are their fast response, ease of control, simple construction and low power requirements. This paper describes the development and testing of a high-voltage supply unit for modulating the damping force of an ER fluid damper. Experimental results on the vibration isolation characteristics of an ER fluid damper with different control strategies, obtained using a quarter-car model test rig, are also presented.     

Active Damping in Road Vehicle Suspension Systems

Low order, linearized dynamic models of road vehicle suspension systems are analyzed to provide insight into the benefits of suspensions incorporating generalized velocity feedback compared with conventional passive suspensions. Damping forces from passive dampers are supplemented by forces generated by an active element requiring a power supply. A simple criterion is developed which indicates whether or not the introduction of activedamping forces will result in significant benefit for pneumatic tired vehicles.

An extended active suspension concept involving a high-gain load leveler as well as active damping is analyzed. The realization of active or semi-active damping forces through electrical or hydraulic means is briefly discussed.     

石首长江公路大桥斜拉索杠杆质量阻尼器应用研究

石首长江公路大桥主桥为主跨820 m的双塔六跨连续不对称空间双索面混合梁斜拉桥,最长斜拉索长约440 m,在外部激励作用下极易发生面内、外振动。针对石首长江公路大桥斜拉索的振动特性,在常规阻尼器的基础上进行构造优化设计,研发了一种双杆倒Y形连接杆斜拉索杠杆质量阻尼器,具有景观协调性好、横向连接刚度大、减振效果好等优点。通过对阻尼器的安装质量进行严格控制,安装位置比控制为2.23%~2.83%,使阻尼器达到了良好的减振效果,实测斜拉索阻尼对数衰减率均在3%以上,满足大桥斜拉索减振要求。     

MR阻尼器对斜拉索减振控制的数值仿真

为控制斜拉索的大幅振动,在Hamilton原理基础上应用Galerkin法建立了斜拉索振动控制的计算模型。通过改进形函数,采用四阶五级RK算法对钱江三桥南岸154 m长的斜拉索进行了现场试验的数值仿真。磁流变(MR)阻尼器力学关系采用由室内试验结果回归的非线性滞回双粘性数学模型,系统等效阻尼比通过希尔伯特变换识别。分析表明:数值仿真对现场试验具有很好的指导作用,同时能进一步验证现场试验的结果。MR阻尼器作为被动控制器件时制振效果明显,与最优油阻尼器控制效果相当且控制的频域范围要比油阻尼器的广;当供电失效时也可满足斜拉索减振的要求。斜拉索的各阶共振峰频率在安装MR阻尼器后略微增大。MR阻尼器在施加一合适的电压时可以发挥最佳的制振效果。     

粘滞阻尼器参数对大跨度桥梁抗震性能影响研究

基于流体粘滞阻尼器的力学特性,以荆岳长江大桥为工程背景,研究了附加非线性粘滞阻尼器对大跨度桥梁抗震性能的影响。利用动力非线性时程分析方法,对非线性粘滞阻尼器的阻尼系数和阻尼指数进行了参数敏感性分析,讨论了阻尼器布置位置对减震效果的影响,并与不设阻尼器情况的地震响应结果进行了比较。分析表明：通过在适当的位置设置纵向粘滞阻尼器,可以有效地降低结构在地震作用下关键部位的位移,改善结构构件的地震力;减震效果取决于阻尼器参数;同时,设置阻尼器避免了相邻主梁可能发生碰撞引起的结构损坏。     

Effect of System Nonlinearities on Locomotive Bogie Hunting Stability

This paper presents the effect of system parameters on hunting of a rail vehicle with nonlinear yaw dampers and wheel-rail interface. This study is intended to complement earlier studies by True et al. where they investigated the effect of nonlinearities stemming from creep-creep force saturation and wheel/rail contact forces. The rail vehicle is represented by a two-axle truck (bogie) that includes the dynamics of the wheelsets and the truck frame. The numerical simulation results show that yaw damping can have a mixed effect on the hunting critical speed. In some ranges, increasing damping can actually lower the critical speed, unlike the results commonly obtained from a linear model. Flange contact nonlinearities can also have a significant effect on the hunting behavior. Large lateral stiffness of the rail can increase lateral force to vertical force (L/V) ratio during hunting. Increasing the gauge clearance, however, can have an opposite effect. The effect of a variety of other parameters, such as the primary suspension yaw and lateral stiffness, primary suspension lateral damping, wheelset mass, and truck frame mass, are summarized in a table.     

Optimal Linear Active Suspensions with Vibration Absorbers and Integral Output Feedback Control

SUMMARY

The bandwidth of the body response to a road input in an active suspension may be considerably reduced if the axle motions are independently controlled and if, at the same time, the effects of static and dynamic loads are counteracted by integral action in the body force control system. The paper presents a further application of the Ferguson-Rekasius method, leading to optimal output control with incomplete state feedback. To achieve narrow bandwidth body response the support springs are replaced by hydraulic actuators, and vibration absorbers or active wheel dampers are employed for the control of the axle motions. Active wheel damping is the more effective and gives good results. Proportional-plus-integral control action is shown to reduce the transient body displacements due to external forces.     

Optimal Linear Active Suspensions with Vibration Absorbers and Integral Output Feedback Control

The bandwidth of the body response to a road input in an active suspension may be considerably reduced if the axle motions are independently controlled and if, at the same time, the effects of static and dynamic loads are counteracted by integral action in the body force control system. The paper presents a further application of the Ferguson-Rekasius method, leading to optimal output control with incomplete state feedback. To achieve narrow bandwidth body response the support springs are replaced by hydraulic actuators, and vibration absorbers or active wheel dampers are employed for the control of the axle motions. Active wheel damping is the more effective and gives good results. Proportional-plus-integral control action is shown to reduce the transient body displacements due to external forces.