山东运河航运对沿运地区经济贡献的研究

京杭运河是一条重要的南北水运主通道,对山东省鲁西南地区的社会进步和经济发展一直发挥着重要作用.通过调研进行分析,并比较京杭运河山东段水运建设与发展的现状及历史资料,结合沿运河经济带的社会经济发展状况,探讨了京杭运河与运河经济带之间的动态关系,评估运河航运对沿运地区经济的可持续发展的贡献程度.采用行业增加值法测算运河对运河经济带经济发展的直接贡献,并测算间接贡献率,求得航运发展对沿运带经济的贡献大小.     

加快苏北运河航运建设 促进区域经济发展

本文以苏北运河航运发展为例,运用区域经济的相关理论,结合区域经济发展现状,对苏北运河航运对区域经济产生的作用影响进行分析,并就发挥有利因素、促进经济发展提出对策和建议。     

开挖京清运河振兴小清河航运

从小清河的航运历史和水路运输所具有的优越性分析,论证探讨了开挖京清运河和发展航运的必要性.     

恢复京杭运河东平湖至济宁段航运探析

通过对南水北调和济东运河现状的描述以及调水和航运关系的分析，得出结合南水北调东线一期工程恢复京杭运河东平湖至济宁段航运的必要性、可能性和紧迫性。     

金沙江的水电开发应与航运发展相结合

当前,金沙江的水电开发和与之相关的可持续发展、环境保护问题正成为热点话题。2005年1月,笔者赴金沙江攀枝花至宜宾段(以下简称攀叙段),就该段水电开发和航运发展问题进行调研。调研期间,走访了水电工程的建设单位、设计单位、港航企业和航运管理部门;实地考察了水电工程建设现场和航运基础设施。一、关于金沙江水电开发与航运发展的关系1、金沙江水电开发现状金沙江是长江上游干流的重要组成部分,上起青海省玉树县巴塘河口,下至四川省宜宾市岷江口,全长2308公里。金沙江是全国水能资源的“富矿”,而攀枝花至宜宾781公里江段则是“富矿”中…     

促进长江GPS船舶应用系统健康发展

交通部于2005年6月24日正式颁布了《关于规范长江干线GPS船舶应用系统建设管理的指导意见》(以下简称《指导意见》),这是规范长江干线GPS船舶应用系统建设管理的一个重要指导性文件,是落实科学发展观、建设资源节约型社会的具体体现,是坚持依法行政、加强行业管理、促进行业健康发展的一项重大举措,对于提高航运生产经营效率,加强安全管理,提升信息化水平,推动长江航运生产力发展必将起到重要作用。一、长江干线船舶GPS应用存在的问题近年来,长江航运信息化建设步伐明显加快,特别是长江沿线多家港航单位运用GPS等高新技术,开发建设了一…     

建设长江黄金水道 发展现代长江航运

<正>加快建设长江黄金水道,大力发展现代长江航运,是国家现代化建设总体战略布局的重要组成部分,是坚持可持续发展战略、建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会的长远举措,是长江航运贯彻落实科学发展观的具体实践,党中央国务院高度重视,沿江省市大力支持,交通运输部更是提出了明确的要求和目标。我们必须用世界眼光和战略思维谋划长江航运发展,明确发展思路,创新发展理念,转变发展方式,破解发展难题,提高发展质量,大力推进长江航运现代化。     

珠江水运:复兴要过几道关

<正>内河水运是一种古老而传统的运输方式。早在秦代,我国就开凿了世界上最古老的人工运河——37公里的灵渠,它为连通珠江和长江的跨水系航运枢纽、融汇历史上中原与岭南文明做出了独特贡献。放眼世界,繁忙的美国密西西比河与跨越欧洲多国而优美畅通的莱茵河,这些都是世界内河航运开发乐章中的悠扬之作,令人神往。     

长江航运:为中国长江经济带建设提供有力保障

本文立足于全面深化改革、建设长江经济带和加快"四个交通"建设的战略背景,作出了长江航运发展正处于"钻石机遇期"的判断,并在此基础上,提出了长江航运服务长江经济带建设发展的总体思路和"八个必须"的具体举措,对于长江航运服务长江经济带发展具有重要的指导意义。     

黄河甘南段白河口至玛曲县城河段航运建设必要性探讨

在介绍玛曲地区交通概况和航运现状的基础上,分析讨论该区段航运建设的必要性。并且预测了工程可能带来的直接经济效益及社会效益,对高原地区内河水运开发具有一定的指导意义。     

Model,process, technique,and the good thing

The paper unpacks the planning process into its component parts: model, process, technique, and goals—the “good thing”. The paper advances the concept that planning, policy-making, and organizational restructuring can be analyzed under the same framework. Each of the four components is described and reductionist examples are presented to clarify the intention and to illustrate the technique that the transport analyst teams employ in their work. The examples cover both successes and failures. They point toward the enormous scientific task ahead for planning to become meaningful and relevant to the problems of today. Finally, in the frame of the willingness to pay, the paper puts forward a case for an institutional framework for a financially autonomous road administration. Similarly organized, administered, and managed entities are relevant also for other transport modes.

Space,money, life-stage,and the allocation of time

Demographic, socioeconomic, seasonal, and scheduling factors affect the allocation of time to various activities. This paper examines those variables through exploration of the 1990 Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey, which has been inverted to track activity duration. Two key issues are considered. First, how much can activity duration and frequency explain travel duration? The analysis shows activity duration has positive and significant effects on travel duration, supporting recent arguments in favor of activity based models. Second, which recent trend is the main culprit in the rise in travel: suburbanization, rising personal incomes, or female labor force participation? This paper examines the share of time within a 24-hour budget allocated to several primary activities: home, work, shop, and other. The data suggest that income and location have modest effects on time allocation compared with the loss of discretionary time due to working.

     

Walking frequency, cars, dogs, and the built environment

To explain walking propensity or frequency, empirical studies have generally used two sets of explanatory variables, namely, socio-demographic variables and built environment variables. They have generally shown that both socio-demographic characteristics and built environment characteristics are associated with walking propensity. We examine the traditional walkability variables that encompass density, mix of uses, and network connectivity in New Jersey, using a statewide sample including an oversample of Jersey City. We estimate a two-stage least squares model using a conditional mixed process that combines an ordered probit model of walking frequency in the second stage based on a truncated regression of car ownership in the first stage. Our results show that built environment variables have some small effects, mainly from better network connectivity associated with increased walking frequency. One of our key findings is that built environment features also work indirectly via how they influence car ownership. In general, we find sufficient evidence that suggests fewer cars are owned in areas with more walkable built environment features. The other key variable that we control for is whether a household owns a dog. This also proved to be strongly associated with walking suggesting that dog ownership is a necessary control variable to understand the frequency of walking.     

Governing autonomous vehicles: emerging responses for safety,liability, privacy,cybersecurity, and industry risks

ABSTRACT

The benefits of autonomous vehicles (AVs) are widely acknowledged, but there are concerns about the extent of these benefits and AV risks and unintended consequences. In this article, we first examine AVs and different categories of the technological risks associated with them. We then explore strategies that can be adopted to address these risks, and explore emerging responses by governments for addressing AV risks. Our analyses reveal that, thus far, governments have in most instances avoided stringent measures in order to promote AV developments and the majority of responses are non-binding and focus on creating councils or working groups to better explore AV implications. The US has been active in introducing legislations to address issues related to privacy and cybersecurity. The UK and Germany, in particular, have enacted laws to address liability issues; other countries mostly acknowledge these issues, but have yet to implement specific strategies. To address privacy and cybersecurity risks strategies ranging from introduction or amendment of non-AV specific legislation to creating working groups have been adopted. Much less attention has been paid to issues such as environmental and employment risks, although a few governments have begun programmes to retrain workers who might be negatively affected.     

Poverty,policy, and public transportation

By all appearances, the circumstances surrounding employment and income distribution in the United States have remained notably the same over the past 30–40 years. At the same time, policies for improving the conditions of low-income persons have remained relatively unchanged. Relevant published accounts continue to cite poorly integrated residential and employment location patterns and poor public transportation service as critical obstacles to improving the economic and social conditions of low-income persons. The relationship between poverty and public transportation was researched extensively during the late 1960s and the early 1970s; however, little recognition has been given to these efforts by more recent research efforts. To learn from the past we should review public transportation policies from 1960 to 2000 to highlight federal policies that affected urban areas during this time period, especially in relation to low-income transportation mobility.     

Integrated scheduling of m-truck,m-drone,and m-depot constrained by time-window,drop-pickup,and m-visit using constraint programming

The idea of deploying unmanned aerial vehicles, also known as drones, for final-mile delivery in logistics operations has vitalized this new research stream. One conceivable scenario of using a drone in conjunction with a traditional delivery truck to distribute parcels is discussed in earlier literature and termed the parallel drone scheduling traveling salesman problem (PDSTSP). This study extends the problem by considering two different types of drone tasks: drop and pickup. After a drone completes a drop, the drone can either fly back to depot to deliver the next parcels or fly directly to another customer for pickup. Integrated scheduling of multiple depots hosting a fleet of trucks and a fleet of drones is further studied to achieve an operational excellence. A vehicle that travels near the boundary of the coverage area might be more effective to serve customers that belong to the neighboring depot. This problem is uniquely modeled as an unrelated parallel machine scheduling with sequence dependent setup, precedence-relationship, and reentrant, which gives us a framework to effectively consider those operational challenges. A constraint programming approach is proposed and tested with problem instances of m-truck, m-drone, m-depot, and hundred-customer distributed across an 8-mile square region.     

Activity sequencing,location, and formation of individual non-mandatory tours: application to the activity-based models for Columbus,Cincinnati, and Cleveland,OH

Most of the earlier activity based models (ABMs) largely relied on a tour-based modeling paradigm which explicitly predicts tour frequency and then adds details including stop frequency, order, and location of stops within each tour. The current study is part of new tour formation design framework for an ABM in which the underlying tour structure and the stop frequency within tours emerge from temporal, sequencing, and locational preferences of activities that the traveler intends to participate during the day. In order to do this, the study developed a modified rank-ordered logit (ROL) framework that is capable of modeling sequence, locations, as well as the underlying tour structure of all activity episodes simultaneously in an integrated manner. Model estimation with the household survey data, provided several important behavioral insights into underlying choices that drive tour formation. Specifically, the study uncovered pairwise ordering preferences among episodes of different activity purposes, clustering tendencies among episodes of same activity purpose, the impact of supply side activity opportunities on the location and sequence choice dimensions, and impedance effects (including distance and mode and time-of-day logsums) on location and tour break dimensions. The developed models are incorporated in the operational ABM structure adopted for three major cities (Columbus, Cleveland, and Cincinnati) in Ohio.     

Adaptive traffic control system: Control strategy,prediction, resolution,and accuracy

Recent advances in traffic control methods have led to flexible control strategies for use in an adaptive traffic control system (ATCS). ATCS aims at controlling the imminent traffic, which is yet to arrive and hence not known perfectly. Therefore, volume prediction is an essential part. Associated with the prediction are two aspects: resolution and accuracy. Recent studies indicate a tradeoff between prediction resolution and accuracy: finer resolutions, larger errors. It is imperative to study the relationship and tradeoff between the control strategy, prediction resolution, and its associated error, which are crucial to the development of ATCS. This study investigates this relationship through an extensive simulation of scenarios in Hong Kong with a recently developed dynamic traffic control model, DISCO. Based on the Hong Kong scenarios conducted with DISCO, the major findings include: (i) the importance of resolution outweighs that of error; (ii) dynamic timing plans generally outperform time‐invariant timing plans; (iii) up to a certain extent, overestimated predictions lead to better results than underestimated predictions.     

Older People's Mobility: Segments,Factors, Trends

Abstract

The expanding older population is increasingly diverse with regard to, for example, age, income, location, and health. Within transport research, this diversity has recently been addressed in studies that segment the older population into homogeneous groups based on combinations of various demographic, health-related, or transport-related factors. This paper reviews these studies and compares the segments of older people that different studies have identified. First, as a result of a systematic comparison, we identified four generic segments: (1) an active car-oriented segment; (2) a car-dependent segment, restricted in mobility; (3) a mobile multi-modal segment; (4) and a segment depending on public transport and other services. Second, we examined the single factors used in the reviewed segmentation studies, with focus on whether there is evidence in the literature for the factors’ effect on older people's travel behaviour. Based on this, we proposed a theoretical model on how the different determinants work together to form the four mobility patterns related to the identified segments. Finally, based on current trends and expectations, we assessed which segments are likely to increase or decrease in future generations of older people and what should be done to support the multi-optional and independent mobility of older people.