机械手实时视觉伺服控制系统的研究

由于计算机图象处理的速度比较慢，影响了机器人视觉系统的应用。提出了机械手的实时视觉伺服控制系统。设计了一种实时图象处理器，以有效和迅速辨识出机械手的手爪和目标物体，并且使图象处理，控制和运动规划并行处理，以保证实现实视觉伺服控制。实验表明，本系统具有良好的瞬态和稳态特性。     

基于混合遗传算法的连续空间下机器人的路径规划

介绍一种基于遗传算法的移动机器人路径规划的新方法．采用混合遗传算法对连续空间下机器人的路径进行规划时，先对规划空间利用Ford算法进行链接图建模，得出可选路径，然后再使用遗传算法来调整各个路径点，最后得到最优的或近似最优的优化路径．该方法可以克服可视图法和人工势场法在路径规划中的某些不足．     

水下机器人操作能量最小化运动控制研究

以操作能量作为评价函数进行水下机器人运动规划的结果得到随时间变化的目标运动路径和理论控制输出^[1]。本文探讨为实现运动控制过程中能量最小化，在进行目标路径跟踪的前提下作为随机量的实际控制输出与理论控制输出的一致性问题，提出了神经网络控制器的结构和学习方法，水下机器人“Twin-Burger”的实验结果验证了本文所提出方法的有效性和可行性。     

具有亚像素精度的冗余特征机器人视觉伺服控制

为克服机器人视觉伺服系统对位姿估算及标定精度的依赖性,结合前期特征识别和后期视觉伺服控制,提出基于冗余特征的机器人视觉伺服控制方法.首先,针对图像处理计算密集的问题,从加快特征提取运算速度考虑,研究了矢量数据的递归贪婪压缩算法;其次,从提高图像空间测量精度考虑,研究了基于向量正交性的亚像素特征提取方法,并结合合作目标形状,给出基于多边形形状拟合的目标识别实验性准则;最后,基于图像视觉伺服理论和任务函数方法,直接以具有亚像素级的冗余图像特征作为反馈信息,建立了机器人视觉伺服控制模型,并进行了视觉伺服验证试验.理论分析和实验结果表明,本文提出的视觉伺服控制方法能够在复杂的环境下快速稳定地提取伺服特征,并对标定误差和深度估计误差具有一定的鲁棒性.      

机器人空间路径规划的ACO算法特性分析

为进一步研究机器人的移动空间路径规划方法,分析蚁群算法的主要系数对路径规划的影响,根据蚁群优化算法的主要特点,对机器人的移动空间信息采用栅格法进行全局描述。对蚁群优化算法的主要系数如蚁群数量m和信息素蒸发系数ρ等进行选择,以路径长度和迭代次数为目标,仿真分析其对规划路径的长度和路径规划效率的影响,找到最佳匹配系数组。仿真结果表明:合理选择算法系数能够缩短机器人的移动空间路径规划长度,且能提高路径规划效率。     

电液伺服阀在压路机上的应用

早在上个世纪九十年代,我国从德国Baukema公司引进了一些全液压振动式压路机．其主要的部件即电液伺服阀。电液伺服阀作为闭环控制系统中最重要的伺服控制元件之一,能够把微弱的电信号转化为大功率的液压信号．从而实现流量和压力的供给。电液伺服系统就是由电液伺服阀作为转换元件组成的闭环系统。将电信号作为其控制信号和反馈信号．该系统具备多方面的优点．如灵活、方便、快捷等．同时．采用液压元件作为其执行机构．     

基于二次分析的双机器人避碰方法研究

针对机器人系统协同加工中存在的碰撞问题,以双机器人系统为例,提出一种适用于多机器人系统平面加工的避碰研究方法.使用栅格法对加工任务进行离散化表达,将加工平面以设色图的形式展现出来,建立碰撞分析模型,分析出每个任务点的协同加工碰撞情况,基于时间最短和路径连续原则,规划得到双机器人平面协同加工的方法.通过对案例的仿真分析,验证了方法的可行性.     

大场地足球机器人视觉子系统及其识别算法

为了满足MiroSot 11 vs．11大场地机器人足球赛对视觉识别子系统高精确度的要求，介绍了一种参加FIRA Robot World Cup 2004的MiroSot Large League 11 vs．11足球机器人系统计算机视觉子系统和机器人／足球识别算法．详细论述了其视觉子系统结构、色标设计、识别算法和后处理滤波等技术，并介绍了一种利用色度最小平均差分绝对值确定队员标识颜色的新方法．实验和比赛结果表明，该算法效果良好．     

自由路径AGV的运动模拟实验研究

利用红外数字导引新方法，使用单片微型计算机，对自由路径AGV的导引和运动控制进行了模拟仿真，介绍了模拟实验系统的硬件设计，软件设计；给出了模拟实验条件，实验过程及实验结果，实践证明，红外数字导引是实现自由路径AGV运动控制的一种有效方法。     

微创手术机器人视觉定位系统的研究

根据立体视觉的基本原理，建立摄像机标定模型和立体视觉模型，设计了基于微创手术机器人的视觉定位系统．介绍了相应图像处理软件的设计，实现对目标的准确识别和精确定位．实验证明该方案有较好的定位效果，同时分析了引起误差的原因．     

Path Planning of Planar Kinked Line Seam by Visual Servoing for Robotic Welding

Welding path planning can substitute for the manual teaching process of the robot and can promote the autonomous level of the robotic welding. A path planning method by visual servoing was presented, in which the optimal angle of charge-coupled device (CCD) camera was also planned. Aiming at planning two forms of kinked line seams, obtuse angle seam and right angle seam, a practicable solution was put forward. In this solution, the intersection of two adjacent straight segments is detected in each local seam image, and if intersection is found, theseam errors are calculated using the next straight segment. The experimental results show that kinked line seam can be well planned using this solution.     

Path Planning of Planar Kinked Line Seam by Visual Servoing for Robotic Welding

Welding path planning can substitute for the manual teaching process of the robot and can promote the autonomous level of the robotic welding. A path planning method by visual servoing was presented, in which the optimal angle of charge-coupled device (CCD) camera was also planned. Aiming at planning two forms of kinked line seams, obtuse angle seam and right angle seam, a practicable solution was put forward. In this solution, the intersection of two adjacent straight segments is detected in each local seam image, and if intersection is found, the seam errors are calculated using the next straight segment. The experimental results show that kinked line seam can be well planned using this solution.     

A real-time collision-free path planning of a rust removal robot using an improved neural network

In this paper, a real-time collision-free path planning of the rust removal robot in a ship environment is proposed, which is based on an improved biologically inspired neural network algorithm. This improved algorithm is based on the biologically inspired neural network and modified with obstacle detection sensors and kinematic state templates, and is implemented in a ship rust removal robot planning system for dynamic trajectory generation. The real-time optimal trajectory is generated by the biologically inspired neural network, and the moving obstacle detection process of a ship robot working on the wall is simulated with the obstacle detection sensors models. The local real-time trajectory can be re-planned by the updated local map information, where the obstacle detection sensors are used to inspect partial environment information and update the robot nearby information in real time in the original neural network algorithm. At the same time, the method of the kinematic state templates matching and searching is used to solve the pipes’ influence of the rust removal robot climbing on the wall, which can not only provide a smooth path, but also can judge the motion direction and turning angle of the robot. Comparison of the proposed approach with the simulation shows that the improved algorithm is capable of planning a real-time collision-free path with achieving the local environmental information and judging the rust removal robot’s motion direction and turning angle. This proposed algorithm can be good used in the ship rust removal robot.     

场地搜救机器人路径规划

介绍了场地搜救轮式移动机器人的硬件组成及工作原理。提出了一种能迅速、准确的搜索到目标信号的路径规划算法。实验表明,该算法可使搜救机器人避开障碍物、识别边界、自动定位,降低了搜索时间,提高了搜索到目标的可靠性。     

重庆河段泥沙模型监控系统

介绍采用PC电脑实现可视管理的“重庆河段泥沙模型监控系统” .论述了系统的主要结构、基本功能以及系统控制原理 .并提出一种伺服电机PWM位控的原理和方法 .     

Dynamic Obstacle Avoidance for Application of Human-Robot Cooperative Dispensing Medicines

For safety reasons,in the automated dispensing medicines process,robots and humans cooperate to accomplish the task of drug sorting and distribution.In this dynamic unstructured environment,such as a human-robot collaboration scenario,the safety of human,robot,and equipment in the environment is paramount.In this work,a practical and effective robot motion planning method is proposed for dynamic unstructured environments.To figure out the problems of blind zones of single depth sensor and dynamic obstacle avoidance,we first propose a method for establishing offline mapping and online fusion of multi-sensor depth images and 3D grids of the robot workspace,which is used to determine the occupation states of the 3D grids occluded by robots and obstacles and to conduct real-time estimation of the minimum distance between the robot and obstacles.Then,based on the reactive control method,the attractive and repulsive forces are calculated and transformed into robot joint velocities to avoid obstacles in real time.Finally,the robot's dynamic obstacle avoidance ability is evaluated on an experimental platform with a UR5 robot and two KinectV2 RGB-D sensors,and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified.     

Development of a Robotic Cochlear Implantation System

Traditional cochlear implantation surgery has problems such as high surgical accuracy requirement and large trauma,which cause the difficulty of the operation and the high requirements for doctors,so that only a few doctors can complete the operation independently.However,there is no research on robotic cochlear implantation in China.In response to this problem,a robotic cochlear implantation system is proposed.The robot is controlled by robot operating system (ROS).A simulation environment for the overall surgery is established on the ROS based on the real surgery environment.Through the analysis of the kinematics and the motion planning algorithm of the manipulator,an appropriate motion mode is designed to control the motion of the manipulator,and perform the surgery under the simulation environment.A simple and feasible method of navigation is proposed,and through the model experiment,the feasibility of robotic cochlear implantation surgery is verified.     

基于导航网格的室内火灾逃生路径动态规划

为了解决现有虚拟现实（virtual reality，VR）场景中室内火灾逃生路径规划静态、低效的问题，基于VR场景中的导航网格，提出了室内火灾真实感表达方法，构建了室内火灾VR场景；其次根据VR场景创建了初始导航网格，设计了导航网格动态生成算法，建立了室内火灾逃生路径动态规划方法；最后构建了原型系统，并选择某产业园展厅作为案例开展了实验分析. 实验结果表明:融合静态地理场景与动态火灾场景，能构建室内火灾VR场景；导航网格每次更新时间在10 ms内，逃生路径规划的每次更新时间平均为50 ms左右，可支持室内火灾逃生路径的动态规划.