污染者负担原则面临的挑战及其破解

基于当前人类社会面临的发展与环境的紧张关系,明确环境保护责任的归属以及相关主体对于环境污染的预防、控制和治理等费用的合理负担,是保证社会、经济和环境可持续发展的重要制度基础。本文从法学、经济学的视角分析了污染者负担原则存在的不合理性及其在我国实施过程中面临的现实困境,提出了破解污染者负担原则所面临困境的对策。     

国内外对公共政策评估的研究综述

政府在进行国家管理活动时会利用政策来调整、组织社会生产和社会生活。公共政策的实施必然会产生一定的影响和后果。有了政策就必然要对政策进行评估。政策制定者只有通过科学的政策评估活动,才能够准确判断某一项公共政策本身的价值,从而决定政策的延续,革新和终结。因此公共政策评估对国家的管理活动非常重要,本文梳理了国内外对公共政策评估的研究,希望能对以后的公共政策的评估工作有所帮助。     

公共政策合法性的构成及合法性困境的突破

公共政策作为政治系统的输出,其合法性需要从形式和内容两方面进规范,形式合法是公共政策合法性的基本要求,内容合法则是公共政策合法性的本质要求。本文通过探究公共政策合法性的构成及形式合法与内容合法两方面的关系,分析公共政策合法性的困境与之的联系,从而为突破公共政策合法性的困境提供解决思路。     

论可持续发展与经济法的变革

可持续发展是人类对传统发展模式反思后建立在尊重自然、追求环境与发展相协调基础上的发展观。为实现经济与社会的可持续发展 ,必须对传统的经济法进行变革。其中 ,由社会本位向生态本位的变革是经济法贯彻实施可持续发展战略的关键 ,由调整传统经济发展模式向调整循环型经济发展模式的变革是经济法实施可持续发展战略的核心 ,将部门经济法进行绿色化变革是实现可持续发展的重要保障     

可持续发展法律理念和法律体系的构建——评陈泉生的《可持续发展与法律变革》

可持续发展战略是二十世纪关于人类社会发展的最重要的研究成果之一。可持续发展战略已经在全球广泛确立 ,该战略的实施必然带来整个社会从观念到制度的深刻变革 ,其中包括法律制度和法学理念。陈泉生教授的《可持续发展与法律变革》一书 ,正是以锐利的眼光 ,独到的见解对可持续发展战略的实施以及整个法律体系的应变进行研究 ,试图建立一个可持续发展的法律理念和法律框架。首先 ,对法学理论进行了创新性的研究 ,提出一整套全新的符合可持续发展要求的法学理论体系 :( 1 )认为传统的以“人类利益”为中心的法律思想应转变为“人类与生态共…     

官民意愿“共鸣”与政策有效执行——基于民众对光盘行动满意度的调查研究

在公共政策制定中,政府意愿只有与民众意愿达成共鸣,才会更好的推进社会的进步和发展。本文在对"光盘行动"开展的情况进行调查的基础上,深入剖析"光盘行动"能够得到社会广泛支持的原因,为政府今后制定符合民意的公共政策提出了建议。     

可持续发展及其对法律思想和制度的影响

可持续发展是随着人类与环境关系的逐渐恶化而生的,可持续发展思想对法律思想和制度产生了深刻的影响。因此,作为反映社会生活需要和引导社会成员行为的法,应该将可持续发展纳入其中,只有这样才能实现自身的现实意义。     

可持续发展我国跨世纪的发展战略

可持续发展是人类在世纪之交理性反思传统发展模式,展望未来发展前景所做出一项重大的战略选择,是人类在新世纪生存与发展的唯一途径.目前随着国际社会对这一发展战略逐步达成共识,这定将对世界各国发展战略的制定及实施产生深远的影响.我国政府审时度势,不失时机地把可持续发展作为跨世纪的发展战略纳入“九五”计划和2010年长远规划中.可以说我国跨世纪的发展战略是可持续发展战略.本文拟从我国可持续发展战略的内涵,制定的依据及实施作     

公共政策中的公民参与问题研究

公共政策作为政府管理社会公共事务,实现公共利益而制定和实施的公共行为规范、行为准则和活动策略发挥着重要作用。公民应该参与公共政策的制定与执行。公民参与公共政策的制定有利于维护公民自身权益,公民参与公共政策有利于发挥集体智慧,公民参与公共政策监督完善民主进程。     

我国政府如何正确处理与公民社会之间的关系

政府与公民社会之间不是对手关系而应是伙伴关系。合作,则双赢;敌对,则俱损。但在当前,中国公民社会的发展仍面临诸多的困境。我们要正视民间组织面临的困境,积极改善我国政府与公民社会之间的关系,培育公民社会良性发展,从而实现社会和谐与可持续发展。     

吉林省农村消费需求现状及促进农村内需进一步扩大的对策

居民消费状况是反映经济发展水平的重要指标,健康科学的消费是发展农村经济的重要途径。吉林省是农业大省,要保持吉林省经济持续快速健康的发展,离不开对农村市场的开拓。可以说,扩大内需潜力最大的是农村,但扩大农村内需并不等于单纯地刺激农民多消费,而是要使政策与投资向农村倾斜,急农民之所急,想农民之所想,使农民有保障感,这样,才能促进农村内需的进一步扩大。     

Alternative Models of Policy Compliance by Unions With Civil Rights Legislation

The author looks at the process of compliance which local unions follow in response to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, analyzing local unions as organizations. Three models of compliance are presented: the voluntary model in which compliance is initiated and sustained through a voluntary and local process, the bureaucratic model in which compliance is initiated through the international union's program and sustained through the mechanisms of the bureaucracy of the international union, and the legal model in which the local union complies as a direct result of a change in the law. The results are that none of these models fit exactly. The greatest amount of compliant activity occurs when the process is quasi-bureaucratic, that is, when it begins as a voluntary process, but relies on bureaucratic mechanisms for completion. The author finds two other factors which are associated in a strong and positive way with the amount of local union compliance: a great objective need for change and a great amount of controversy. The study is based on in-depth interviews with forty-seven local union leaders and on twenty interviews with international union leaders in eleven local unions.     

Electronic taxation and cybercrimes in Nigeria,Kenya and South Africa: Lessons from Europe and the United States of America

Advancement in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) over the years has changed the way people now live and conduct their businesses. Consequently, tax administrators in line with global trends are shifting from manual processes to electronic tax systems. Although the adoption of ICT has apparent advantages, it does not come without some potential challenges, prominent among which are the activities of cybercriminals. This paper seeks to identify the ways electronic tax systems can be protected and sustained in some African countries, drawing from the lessons the experiences of the United States of America (US) and some countries in Europe present.     

The determinants of current account imbalances in the euro area: a panel estimation approach

The aim of this paper is to study the main macroeconomic, financial and structural characteristics that affected current account developments in the member-states of the euro area over the period 1980–2008. The model is based on the intertemporal consumption smoothing approach according to which current account positions are determined by saving and investment decisions. The analysis uses a panel of countries that consists of the initial 12 member states of the euro area and then it expands to 17 countries aiming to see whether the enlargement or potential enlargement would in any way alter the current account determinants. All the determinants of saving and investment decisions, which include factors such as the level of development, demographics, macroeconomic policies and competitiveness, appear to be important in underpinning sustained current account positions in the euro area countries.     

The Constitutional Imagination

The constitutional imagination refers to the way we have been able to conceive the relationship between thought, text and action in the constitution of modern political authority. The lecture seeks to demonstrate how modern constitutional texts come to be invested with a ‘world‐making’ capacity. The argument is advanced first by explaining how social contract thinkers have been able to set the parameters of the constitutional imagination (thought), then by showing that constitutions are agonistic documents and their interpretative method is determined by a dialectic of ideology and utopia (text), and finally by examining the degree to which constitutions have been able to colonise the political domain, thereby converting constitutional aspiration into political reality (action). It concludes by suggesting that although we seem to be entering a constitutional age, this is an ambiguous achievement and whether the power of the constitutional imagination can still be sustained remains an open question.     

Long-term care under fire: a case for rational enforcement

Despite reforms to ensure that nursing homes maintain compliance with federal quality standards, one-fourth of all homes nationwide continue to be cited for deficiencies that either caused actual harm to residents or carried the potential for death or serious injury. This pattern has not changed since the July 1995 reforms were implemented. Although the reforms equipped federal and state regulators with many alternatives and tools to help promote sustained compliance with Medicare and Medicaid standards, the way in which states and HCFA have applied them appears to have resulted in little headway against the pattern of serious and repeated noncompliance. Such performance may do little to dispel concerns over the health and safety of frail and dependent nursing home residents.     

IT Facilitating Fraud

This paper has three complementary aims: to highlight the risks of IT fraud in the workplace and the implication for controls and future investigation; to show how emerging technologies such as the Internet and electronic commerce (e-commerce) have affected fraud risk; and to indicate some additional fraud risks which arise from the Euro-conversion and Y2K ('the millennium bug') compliance projects, both of which require heavy IT support. Information Technology (IT) fraud can be defined as: Where a financial loss or malicious damage has been sustained by an organisation, which has been facilitated by the use of computers in some way.     

122例鼻部骨折X线和CT诊断的法医学分析

目的　探讨CT在鼻部骨折诊断中的优点。方法　观察 12 2例鼻损伤伤者的鼻部CT和普通X线片 ,对鼻部诸骨骨折进行对比分析。结果　 12 2例鼻部骨折 (鼻骨骨折 3 2例 ,上颌骨额突骨折 3 3例 ,鼻中隔骨折 9例 ,多发性骨折 48例 )均经CT认定。其中 40例因X线片漏诊直接通过高分辨率鼻骨CT薄层扫描认定 ;82例通过鼻骨侧位X线片显示有鼻部骨折 ,因存在骨折类型认定不准确和 /或有漏诊鼻部其它部位骨折可能 ,通过鼻骨CT认定。结论　鼻骨侧位X线片易漏诊、误诊鼻部骨折 ;鼻骨CT能避免鼻部诸骨骨折的漏诊及误诊 ,且骨折认定准确。     

The Dynamics of Enduring Property Relationships in Land

This article proposes a new way of looking at property relationships that will enrich our understanding of how they operate. It focuses on property rights in land which are consensual in origin, although this approach could usefully be applied both to non‐consensual property relationships and to other property types. Recognising both the temporal and spatial dimensions of land, the dynamics approach reflects the fact that most property relationships are lived relationships, affected by changing patterns and understandings of spatial use, relationship needs, economic realities, opportunities, technical innovations, and so on. Although evolving responsively to accommodate changing uses and new rights‐holders, these relationships are nevertheless sustained and enduring. The dynamics lens acknowledges the diverse range of legal, regulatory, social and commercial norms that shape property relations. Our approach also explores how far the enduring, yet dynamic, nature of property relations is taken into account by a range of decision‐makers.     

Non-diagnosed pheochromocytoma as a cause of sudden death in a 49-year-old man: a case report with medico-legal implications

Pheochromocytomas are known to be rare causes of sudden death. A 49-year-old man with a medical history of arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus complained about nausea and malaise in the morning. During the day his condition deteriorated. He went to the emergency department, where he was given intravenous drugs against nausea and was sent home. On the way back, his condition deteriorated dramatically so that his wife drove back to the emergency room, where he collapsed and sustained cardiac arrest; resuscitation efforts were unsuccessful. Autopsy revealed a large tumour of the left adrenal gland. The strong suspicion of pheochromocytoma was confirmed by histology, immunohistochemistry and biochemical investigations. An acute hypertensive crisis, caused by the hitherto unknown pheochromocytoma was ascertained as the cause of death. The morphological findings are presented, the difficulty to diagnose pheochromocytoma and the medico-legal implications are discussed.