骨折鉴定中MSCT及图像后处理的诊断与应用

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)及其图像后处理功能在骨折法医鉴定中的诊断与应用价值。方法对366例法医鉴定者行薄层扫描并进行表面遮盖成像(SSD),透明化X线模拟投影(see-through)和多平面重建(MPR)处理。对所得图像进行诊断和分型。结果准确诊断并对134例鼻骨、98例眼眶和21例颅骨骨折进行分型。正确显示36例肋骨骨折、4例肩胛骨骨折、24例脊柱骨折和27例四肢骨及关节骨折。利用透明化X线模拟投影等技术鉴别陈旧性骨折18例。结论MSCT及图像后处理在骨折法医鉴定中具有重要实用价值,可为伤害等级鉴定提供有力的法医学依据。     

MSCT及图像后处理在鼻骨骨折法医鉴定中的应用

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)及图像后处理在鼻骨骨折法医学鉴定中的应用价值。方法采用MSCT对134例被鉴定人进行薄层扫描并行多平面重建(MPR)和表面遮盖成像(SSD)。比较MSCT与常规X线诊断结果。结果线型骨折55(41.04%)例,粉碎型骨折46例(34.33%),凹陷型骨折27例(20.15%),未见骨折6例(4.48%)。X线平片及CR片漏、误诊48例(35.82%)。MSCT正确诊断133例(99.25%)。两者诊断结果存在显著差异(χ2=45.0816,P<0.001)。结论MSCT及后处理图像应作为鼻骨骨折法医鉴定的主要依据。     

鼻骨横断面和冠状面CT检查漏诊11例分析

<正>在法医学实践中,鼻骨骨折是颌面部较常见的骨折类型,根据《人体轻伤鉴定标准(试行)》第十条第一款之规定,鼻骨粉碎性骨折,或者鼻骨线性骨折伴有明显移位的,可认定为轻伤。本文对2007年至2009年作者单位受理的80例已确诊为鼻骨骨折伴有骨折片移位的案例进行了观察分析,旨在验证临床鼻     

81例外伤性鼻部骨折的特点及其法医学鉴定分析

研究鼻部损伤后骨折的特点、确诊的方法及法医学鉴定的相关问题。 81例以鼻部外伤为主诉 ,经鼻骨拍摄X线侧位片 ( 62例加做鼻部CT扫描 )检见有鼻骨骨折的患者 ,进行法医临床学鉴定分析。单纯性线性骨折 19例 ,骨折移位者 11例 ,粉碎性、多发性骨折 4 0例 ,鼻骨骨折伴上颌骨额突骨折或 (及 )伴眶骨骨折 11例 ;轻伤 58例 ( 72 % ) ,未构成轻伤 2 3例 ( 2 8% )。多数鼻骨骨折为粉碎性、多发性 ,且可伴有其它部位骨折。鼻骨X线侧位片只能明确部分粉碎性骨折及部分移位明显的骨折 ,CT扫描能确定鼻部骨折形态。     

86例鼻部复合性骨折的法医鉴定

目的探讨鼻部复合性骨折的认定、分型和损伤程度的法医学鉴定。方法对86例鼻部复合性骨折鼻骨CT片(轴扫 冠扫)和有关病历资料进行观察分析。结果将86例伤者按骨折种类分成鼻骨并发鼻部非鼻骨骨折(81例)和鼻部非鼻骨复合性骨折(5例)两类,然后再进一步细分。结论86例伤者中轻伤80例(93%),轻微伤6例(7%)。鼻部复合性骨折的损伤程度评定关键在于应按照《人体轻微伤的鉴定》(GA/T146-1996)和《人体轻伤的鉴定(试行)》的有关规定或标准认定和分型,这样鉴定结论才会准确可靠。     

鼻骨骨折螺旋CT3D成像与X线片对比研究

目的 评价螺旋CT扫描三维重建成像与X线摄片对比对鼻骨骨折法医学鉴定的价值。方法 使用SOMATOM BALANCE 1s螺旋CT机，对32例复杂鼻部外伤者2mm／2mm扫描，常规进行最大密度投影法(MIP)、多平面重建(MPR)、表面覆盖法(SSD)、容积成像(VR)方式。全貌显示受伤鼻骨骨折影像，并与常规鼻骨摄片比较。结果 螺旋CT三维成像纠正3例X线照片的假阳性和6例诊断骨折类型不准确。结论 螺旋CT三维重建对诊断复杂鼻骨骨折块数目、移位，以及骨折类型优于X线摄片。     

正常鼻骨细微解剖结构的MSCT影像学形态及法医学鉴定

目的：通过对正常鼻骨多层螺旋CT （multi-slice spiral CT,MSCT）扫描及三维图像特征的观察,总结鼻骨细微解剖结构。方法对120例鼻骨无外伤史、无疾病史的志愿者行鼻区MSCT横断面扫描,重建层厚0.6 mm、层距0.5 mm的骨窗图像并导入Syngo Imaging XS软件中,进行三维图像重组。观察并分析鼻骨细微解剖结构的形态特征。结果正常鼻骨的细微解剖结构由四缝、两孔及一缘组成。其中四缝包括左、右鼻颌缝,鼻额缝以及鼻间缝,两孔为左、右鼻骨孔,一缘是鼻骨下缘。在某些个体,鼻间缝间会出现游离的缝间骨。鼻骨孔多为小孔状,但也有少数个体为线条状。鼻骨下缘可分为平直型、波浪型、倒尖峰型、月牙铲型以及其他类型。结论鼻骨解剖形态多样化且个体差异性较大,采用MSCT及三维图像重组技术,结合其外伤史有利于正确分辨鼻骨正常解剖结构和骨折。     

鼻骨螺旋CT扫描及图像重建技术在法医学中的应用

头面部外伤后鼻骨骨折在法医临床学鉴定中比较常见，在侧位X线片上因影像重叠容易漏诊，因而传统X线技术在鼻骨骨折的诊断上有一定的局限性。作者对临床检查怀疑鼻骨骨折但X线检查不明确的检案都进行鼻骨螺旋CT扫描，并采用多平面重建(MPVR)技术进行图像后处理，结果显示骨折处影像清晰，准确无误。     

86例鼻部复合性骨折的法医鉴定

目的探讨鼻部复合性骨折的认定、分型和损伤程度的法医学鉴定.方法对86例鼻部复合性骨折鼻骨CT片（轴扫＋冠扫）和有关病历资料进行观察分析.结果将86例伤者按骨折种类分成鼻骨并发鼻部非鼻骨骨折（81例）和鼻部非鼻骨复合性骨折（5例）两类,然后再进一步细分.结论86例伤者中轻伤80例（93%）,轻微伤6例（7%）.鼻部复合性骨折的损伤程度评定关键在于应按照《人体轻微伤的鉴定》（GA/T 146-1996）和《人体轻伤的鉴定（试行）》的有关规定或标准认定和分型,这样鉴定结论才会准确可靠.     

鼻骨螺旋CT扫描及图像重建技术在法医学中的应用

头面部外伤后鼻骨骨折在法医临床学鉴定中比较常见,在侧位X线片上因影像重叠容易漏诊,因而传统X线技术在鼻骨骨折的诊断上有一定的局限性。作者对临床检查怀疑鼻骨骨折但X线检查不明确的检案都进行鼻骨螺旋CT扫描,并采用多平面重建(M PV R)技术进行图像后处理,结果显示骨折处影像清晰,准确无误。资料、方法与结果本组27例有明确的鼻部外伤,均为男性;其中拳击伤16例,钝器伤11例。病人仰卧于扫描床上,头尽量后仰,置于头托内,扫描定位线与鼻骨长轴平行,层厚3m m,120kv130M a螺距1.5,FO V24cm。扫描范围从鼻尖部至上颌窦后壁。扫描完毕采…     

Asphyxiation by glottic impaction of nasal secretions

An 84-year-old woman died suddenly 20 days after a head injury; a medical witness to the death described laboured breathing consistent with stridor. At postmortem examination, her larynx was found to be occluded by a firm mass of jelly-like material considered initially to be regurgitated food material. The microscopic features of this material were consistent with inspissated mucoid secretions from the nasopharynx. Relationship to cafe coronary and passage of a nasogastric tube are discussed.     

新鲜鼻骨骨折CT诊断指标探讨

法医鉴定工作中,需要明确判断鼻骨骨折为新鲜形成,方可作为人体损伤鉴定的依据。通过案例追踪复查与已知陈旧鼻骨骨折对照及临床表现等方法,依据骨折断端锐利、骨折部位粘膜肿胀、软组织内有小片状低密度影等CT影像表现,结合伤后鼻面部肿胀、鼻出血、鼻腔通气不畅等临床表现作为新鲜鼻骨骨折的影像诊断指标。工作中,须重视鼻骨骨折新旧伤的鉴别,确保鉴定意见的准确性。     

鼻骨骨折的CT检查及法医学鉴定

鼻骨骨折在头面部损伤中多见,以往鼻骨骨折主要依赖于临床检查和X线拍片确诊.但由于鼻骨两侧对称,在侧位X线片上因影像重叠,往往容易漏诊,给法医学鉴定带来一定困难.自1998年以来,我们对于临床及X线检查疑有鼻骨骨折或骨折移位不明显的伤者,进行CT检查,其结果影像清晰,诊断明确,更容易显示骨折的部位和程度.现将我们检查鉴定的16例报告如下:     

鼻骨骨折的CT检查及法医学鉴定

鼻骨骨折在头面部损伤中多见 ,以往鼻骨骨折主要依赖于临床检查和Ｘ线拍片确诊。但由于鼻骨两侧对称 ,在侧位Ｘ线片上因影像重叠 ,往往容易漏诊 ,给法医学鉴定带来一定困难。自 1 998年以来 ,我们对于临床及Ｘ线检查疑有鼻骨骨折或骨折移位不明显的伤者 ,进行ＣＴ检查 ,其结果影像清晰 ,诊断明确 ,更容易显示骨折的部位和程度。现将我们检查鉴定的 1 6例报告如下 :方法与结果1 资料 :本组鼻骨骨折 1 6例 ,其中男 1 2例 ,女 4例 ;致伤物均系钝器 ;全部为直接外力作用于外鼻所致。2 ＣＴ检查的方法、体位及影像特点 :(1 )ＣＴ检查鼻骨采用冠…     

Vascular changes in the nasal submucosa of chronic cocaine addicts

A detailed, correlative, histologic evaluation of postmortem changes in the nasal mucosa of chronic cocaine users has shown characteristic mucosal and arteriolar changes as well as typical perivascular and subepithelial alterations compatible with chronic inflammation. These findings confirm and extend recent reports on the effects of cocaine in the coronary circulation and heart muscle as well as provide a new diagnostic tool to the forensic pathologist who suspects that a decedent has been a long-term cocaine abuser.     

From chronic rhinitis to death: Fatal outcome of nasal polyposis treatment

Introduction

Nasal polyposis (NP) is considered to be the state of chronic inflammation of nasal mucosa and sinuses presenting with various nasal symptomatology. In most cases, it is treated conservatively. Recently, functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) was developed as the valuable and advantageous surgical procedure to treat NP. Despite the inherited risks of this procedure, its complication rate is considered to be acceptable compared to potential benefits for the patient.

Case

Fifty-five-year-old man was admitted to the hospital for surgical removal of the nasal polypus. After the usual pre-surgery procedures, the patient underwent FESS. Under general anesthesia, left sphenoid sinus was opened and cleaned from the imflammatory discharge, polypus was excised, and following the trepanation the left maxillary sinus was left to drain out. Polypus and pieces of sinonasal mucosa were sent to pathohistological analysis, which yielded in diagnosis of inverted sinonasal papilloma.The early postoperative recovery was regular, but 2 h upon the surgery, the patient started to lose consciousness gradually falling into the state of coma. CT scan and angiography of the head revealed pneumocranium, defect of the left ethmoidal sinus, hematoma in the left frontal cerebral lobe, as well as the hemorrhage in all four cerebral ventricles. A series of neurosurgical procedures followed in the next 8 days. Despite the attempts to resolve above complications, the patient remained comatous and died 16 days after the polypectomy.Autopsy revealed the extensive oval-shaped defect on the skull base in the left posterior part of cribrous plate of the left ethmoid bone. The brain appeared swollen and heavily congested, showing the zone of subarachnoidal hemorrhage in basal face of left frontal lobe. Frontal serial sections revealed large intracerebral haematoma in basal periventricular structures of left frontal lobe extending to the whole ventricular system. Apart from the above, most prominent finding was bilateral bronchopneumonia. The cause of death was attributed to bronchopneumonia following the brain trauma, manner of death ruled as violent.

Conclusion

Although majority of the patients suffering from chronic rhinosinusitis or NP recover well after the endoscopic surgery, the possibility of undesirable outcome must not be ignored. This case calls for assessment of potential medical liability caused by malpractice. Having in mind rather high prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis and NP, legal aspects of postoperative death should be carefully analyzed.     

Relationship between the piriform aperture and interalar nasal widths in adult males

The piriform aperture of 182 skulls of black and white males in the United States was measured and compared with soft tissue readings taken previously. Statistical analysis indicated that nose width prediction formulas currently utilized in facial reconstruction required modification. Two revised formulas are proposed to improve accuracy of reconstructions: an addition prediction formula for ease of use and a multiplication prediction formula for more precise results on those skulls outside of the mean range.