奢侈品消费:一种地位排名的竞赛

文章将人们对奢侈品的消费归纳为社会地位排名的竞赛,并运用竞赛成功函数(CSF)构建了消费者之间的地位竞赛模型,由浅入深,先分析最基本的两人竞赛的情形,然后再分析多人竞赛。通过均衡分析,考察了奢侈品消费量与地位奖酬、外生因素之间的关系,进而拓展分析了征收奢侈品消费税的作用。此外,文章还从福利经济学的角度分析地位竞赛可能带来的一系列负面效应。文章从"竞赛管制"的角度提出,政策制定的核心应当集中于引导人们正确认识奢侈品及"贵族"精神,提升奢侈品消费的理念和境界。     

以学科竞赛为载体的实践教学研究

学科竞赛以其在实践教学中的优势被广泛关注，相关教育部门牵头下的大型学科竞赛，已经具有非常大的影响力，已经逐渐成为实践教学的一种新形式，被纳入实践教学体系。文章以物理师范专业为例，分析了目前实践教学的不足，讨论了学科竞赛在实践教学中的积极作用，给出了以学科竞赛为载体的实践教学策略。     

物流沙盘技能竞赛对高职物流专业教学与人才培养的影响

职业技能竞赛作为我国职业教育的一项重大制度改革和创新,符合职业教育对于培养应用型技能人才的需求,深受社会各界的关注。对于提高人才培养质量,促进人才培养模式的改革及教学的改革都有很重要的作用;同时,对于教师来说,课堂教学与职业技能竞赛的相互支撑关系也是不可忽视的。文章通过对物流沙盘技能竞赛的现状、意义和内容进行分析,指出了其对物流教学和物流人才培养的促进作用。     

银行业的产品创新“箭在弦上”

文章分析了我国银行业产品创新的"软胁",指出银行业产品创新"箭在弦上",重要性显而易见。同时提出了银行业金融产品创新的发展策略。     

中外银行竞争力实证分析

改革开放以来 ,我国银行业经历了渐进开放和探索的过程 ,己基本形成以中央银行为核心 ,国有商业银行为骨干 ,中小股份制银行并存的局面。加入WTO以来 ,银行业作为我国重点开放行业已经开始受到冲击 ,中外资银行展开了全方位的竞争。由于竞争优势的不同 ,我国银行业将面临巨大的压力和挑战。本文将从实证的角度分析我国商业银行的综合竞争能力并与国外同业加以合理比较 ,寻找差距 ,并提出相关政策建议。     

职业技能竞赛赛前培训探讨

中原油田牢固树立"培训是企业的长效投入,是发展的基石,是员工的福利"的宗旨,采取"分段式"的教学模式,以提升职工素质,推进全员学习为目标,强化技能训练,深化理论学习,在竞赛场上取得了优异的成绩。文章结合实际,总探讨职业技能竞赛赛前培训的经验和方法。     

专利竞赛对企业自主创新能力的影响

增强企业自主创新能力是提高企业技术竞争能力和国家整体科技水平的关键所在,如何将专利竞赛理论与企业自主创新相结合,提高企业的自主创新能力,使企业在国际技术竞争中获得基础和核心技术专利,是国内学者亟待解决的问题。在分析我国企业自主创新现状和回顾学术界最新研究成果的基础上,运用专利竞赛的已有研究结论,针对企业技术和资金储备的合理化配置、研发竞赛过程中的竞争策略选择以及企业创新过程中的社会福利最优化策略,提出了适应我国国情和企业现状的提高企业自主研发能力、促使企业实现"技术蛙跳"的相关策略。     

以技能竞赛为导向的会计电算化教学实践与思考

近年来,为了提高高职院校学生的实际操作能力,我国建立了高职院校技能竞赛体制,希望高职院校学生通过参与高职技能竞赛,巩固专业课知识,提高实际操作技能,达到"以赛促学,以赛促教"的目的.本文对竞赛模式下人才培养方式进行了研究和思考,结合日常教学经验,针对如何改进会计电算化的日常教学工作,提高学生操作技能提出了几点建议.     

研发竞赛设计研究综述

研发竞赛是一种重要的研发激励机制。现有研发竞赛设计研究主要集中在是否要限制参赛者、如何确定奖金金额、如何分配奖金以及是否在竞赛过程中给予反馈等问题上。对国内外研究成果进行了总结和分析,指出了在该领域研究中存在的一些问题,并进一步探讨了今后可重点研究的几个方向。     

工作竞赛、世代交叠与人力资本投资

劳动力市场存在体制性工资差异时,个人之间会为进入体制内的高工资行业而展开工作竞赛。文章以竞赛理论为基础,运用世代交叠模型的分析框架,分别对行为人之间存在工作竞赛与否的两种情形下的人力资本投资行为进行了分析,并对两种情形下的人力资本投资收益进行比较。研究认为:人力资本投资与经济中物质资本回报率呈反向变化关系,与现期消费和未来消费的相对偏好程度呈正向关系;同时,工作竞赛不但会引起更大的人力资本投资,而且还会产生人力资本投资的收益损失。     

中国银行业竞争的外部性经济学溯源

中国金融业全面对外资开放,银行业的竞争格局面临重塑.分析了中国银行业竞争态势,揭示了中外银行业竞争格局异同的深层文化因素和外部性理论的起源及其在金融产业经济中的发展过程,提出外部性理论演进对中国银行业竞争的启示.     

银行业市场准入监管及其绩效的实证分析

比较各国银行业的市场准入监管可以发现,监管的严格程度大相径庭,但从根本上是保护竞争与限制竞争的原则差异。通过对各国银行业市场准入监管及其绩效的实证分析,发现严格的准入监管与银行发展、产业效率负相关,但与银行危机正相关。文章回顾中国银行业的市场准入监管后,认为放松准入监管将有助于我国银行业发展,并就提高放松准入监管绩效的路径进行了探讨。     

The size distribution of the banking sector and the effects of monetary policy

In recent years, the industrial organization of the banking system has received a large amount of attention. In particular, it is generally viewed that the size distribution of the banking sector has changed where it is dominated by a small number of large institutions. In this paper, we develop a model of imperfectly competitive banks that differ in terms of the size of their deposit base. Such differences are important for aggregate credit market activity and the effects of monetary policy. Notably, we explain how the optimal size distribution of the banking system involves trade-offs from distortions in credit markets due to imperfect competition across banking markets. Second, the effects of monetary policy on credit market activity are weaker in an economy dominated by a small number of large banks. Empirical analysis examining the role of concentration among the current members of the European Monetary Union is consistent with the predictions of the model.     

Assessing the competition in Angola’s banking industry

This article analyses the level of competition in Angola’s banking industry using the Panzar–Rosse model with data from 2005 to 2014. Competition is a vital aspect of the banking market and therefore it is central to policy-making. The results reveal that Angola banking competition is monopolist and therefore lower competition is found in Angola banks. Policy implication is derived.     

Competition Among Banks, Capital Requirements and International Spillovers

The design of prudential bank capital requirements interacts with the industrial organization of the banking sector, in particular, with the level of competition among banks. Increased competition leads to excessive risk-taking by banks which may have to be counteracted by tighter capital requirements. When capital requirements are internationally uniform but the levels of competition among banks in different countries are not, international spillovers arise on financial integration of these countries. This result begs a more careful analysis of the effect of financial liberalization on the stability of banking sectors in emerging countries. It also calls into question the merits of employing uniform capital requirements across countries that diverge in the industrial organization of their banking sectors.
(J.E.L.: G21, G28, G38, F36, E58, D62)     

Democracy,regulation and competition in emerging banking systems

This paper develops a political economy framework to analyse the relations among democracy, financial regulation and banking competition in the emerging banking systems of Central and Eastern Europe. We develop extensive new yearly non-structural indices of bank competition instead of concentration indices as in the previous literature that show its evolution over time with the level of democracy. In addition, we directly test for linkages between democracy, financial regulation and banking competition. Using an unbalanced panel data set over the period 1994–2016 for 617 banks, we show that more democratic countries with better regulatory framework lead to the enhancement of competition. We also find significant support for the core hypothesis that financial regulatory framework in a “partially” democratic environment is inadequate. Given that financial regulatory framework in a “partially” democratic environment can be inadequate we find a U-shaped relation in the sense that there is a threshold level of democracy beyond which banking systems in those countries are more competitive.     

Inter-linkages between competition and stabilisation policies in the banking sector and stock market development in Europe

The banking sector and the stock market in Europe have been adversely impacted by a series of global financial crises over the last two decades. Major financial reforms were implemented to enhance the stability and competition within the banking sector. Measures were also implemented to create a vibrant stock market in Europe to stimulate economic growth in Europe. This study examines the interactions between stock market development, banking competition, and banking stability in European countries from 1996 to 2016. The purpose of the study is to understand the inter-linkages between these variables to ascertain the spillover impact of policy reforms in the banking sector on the stock market and vice-versa. Using a vector error-correction model, the study finds long-run and short-run inter-linkages between banking competition, banking stability, and stock market development in European countries. The study’s most robust result is that banking competition and banking stability stimulate stock market development in the long run. There is also some evidence that healthy competition in the banking sector and stock market development instils greater stability in the banking sector. The results suggest that policy measures put in place to create a vibrant stock market must include elevating banking competition and banking stability, with policymakers being cognizant that causality may be bidirectional.     

Branching and competition in the European banking industry

In this study branching costs and competitiveness of European banks are measured by fitting a monopolistic competition model to a representative sample drawn from nine EEC banking industries in the period from 1990 to 1996. In the theoretical model, banks decide strategically the size of their branching network anticipating the degree of competition faced on interest rates. From the structural equations of the model an econometric test is derived in order to measure branching costs and degree of competition in banking services. The empirical analysis captures their changing over time together with the impact of various European directives aiming at deregulating the banking industry. Furthermore the study shows persistence of segmentation acoss EEC banking industries.     

中外银行业有效竞争的外部性比较

从银行业竞争的沿革、监管体制、稳定性等方面比较分析我国银行业和外国银行业的竞争格局的外部性特征，对中国银行业国内银行与外资银行竞争格局态势作对比分析，由此提出优化银行业竞争环境的政策建议。     

转轨经济中的梯状演进和枝状演进--兼议目前国有银行的分业或混业经营问题

本文根据是否在系统中内生出异质于国有产权组织的竞争因素，区分了经济转轨过程中社会经济系统的两种演进形态：梯状演进和权状演进。指出社会经济系统以何种形态演进取决于国家在一定的现实约束条件下对界定产权的外生交易费用和不界定产权的内生交易费用之间的权衡。面对加入WTO以后外资银行的竞争，我们要坚持国有银行既有的改革逻辑，坚持分业经营原则，同时推进民营银行的发展，构建多资银行的竞争，我们要坚持国有银行既有改革逻辑，坚持分业经营原则，同时推进民营银行的发展，构建多样化的银行组织体系，这是提高我国银行业竞争力的关键，而回入WTO本身提供了推动我国金融改革的历史机遇。