数据库在计算机控制系统中的应用

介绍了在ＶｉｓｕａｌＣ＋＋编写的程序中，使用数据库的必要性，用实例程序叙述了如何用 Ｖｉｓｕａｌ Ｃ＋＋语言打开数据库，获得所需数据的方法。     

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Book Reviews

Books reviewed in this article:
Kirsten Wever, Labor, Business and Change in Germany and the United States
Ian Clark, Governance, the State, Regulation and Industrial Relations
Raymond Markey, Paul Gollan, Ann Hodgkinson, Alain Chouraqui and Ulke Veersama (eds), Models of Employee Participation in a Changing Global Environment: Diversity and Interaction
Andrew Pendleton, Employee Ownership, Participation and Governance: A Study of ESOPs in the UK
Christopher Candland and Rudra Sil (eds), The Politics of Labor in a Global Age: Continuity and Change in Late–industrializing and Post–socialist Economies
Chris Rowley and John Benson (eds), Globalization and Labour in the Asia Pacific Region
Brendan Burchell, David Ladipo and Frank Wilkinson (eds), Job Insecurity and Work Intensification
Jone L. Pearce, Organization and Management in the Embrace of Government
Maury Peiperl, Michael Arthur, Rob Goffee and Tim Morris (eds), Career Frontiers: New Conceptions of Working Lives
Steen Scheuer, Social and Economic Motivation at Work: Theories of Motivation Reassessed
Cary L. Cooper, Philip J. Dewe and Michael P. O'Driscoll, Organizational Stress: A Review and Critique of Theory, Research and Applications     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Unions, Wages and Inflation, by Daniel J.B. Mitchell.
Labor Unions and the Inequality of Earned Income, by John S. Pettengill.
The Economics ofthe Labour Market, edited by 2. Hornstein, J. Grice and A. Webb.
Equal Pay and Opportunities. A study of the implementation and effects of the Equal Pay and Sex Discrimination Acts in 26 Organizations, by M.W. Snell, P. Glucklich and M. Povall.
Women and Low Pay, edited by Peter J. Sloane.
The Right to Strike, by L.J: Macfarlane.
The Znternational Labour Organisation, by Walter Galenson.
Forces of Change in Western Europe, by Neil W. Chamberlain.
Unions in American National Politics, by Graham K. Wilson.
Trade Unions, National Politics and Economic Management, by Jon Clark, Heinz Hartmann, Christoph Lau, and David Winchester.
Ideology and Shop-floor Industrial Reiations, by P.J. Armstrong, J.F.B. Goodman, and J.D. Hyman.
Artisans and Politics in Early Nineteenth Century London: John Cast and his Times. by I. J. Prothero.
Theories of Trade Unionism: A Sociology of Industrial Relations, by Michael Poole.
Sociology, Work and Indusrry, by Tony J. Watson.
New Patterns of Work Reform, by Bjorn Gustavsen and Gerry Hunnius.
Industrial Relations Training for Managers, by Chris Brewster and Stephen Connock.
Practical Participation and Involvement, 1. Communication in Practice, Published by the Institute of Personnel Management.     

Community response grids: E-government, social networks, and effective emergency management

This paper explores the concept of developing community response grids (CRGs) for community emergency response and the policy implications of such a system. CRGs make use of the Internet and mobile communication devices, allowing residents and responders to share information, communicate, and coordinate activities in response to a major disaster. This paper explores the viability of using mobile communication technologies and the Web, including e-government, to develop response systems that would aid communities before, during, and after a major disaster, providing channels for contacting residents and responders, uploading information, distributing information, coordinating the responses of social networks, and facilitating resident-to-resident assistance. Drawing upon research from computer science, information studies, public policy, emergency management, and several other disciplines, the paper elaborates on the concept of and need for CRGs, examines related current efforts that can inform the development of CRGs, discusses how research about community networks can be used to instill trust and social capital in CRGs, and examines the issues of public policy, telecommunications, and e-government related to such a system.     

Characteristics of learning computer-controlled mechanisms by teachers and students in a common laboratory environment

Growing popularity of robotics education motivates developing its didactics and studying it in teacher training programs. This paper presents a study conducted in the Department of Education in Technology and Science, Technion, in which university students and school pupils cope with robotics challenges of designing, building and operating computer-controlled mechanisms. The university students were involved in developing robot prototypes and related instructional materials, and assisted in teaching robotics and guiding projects to middle school and high school pupils. The study focused on behaviors of the two groups of learners and aimed to elicit and analyze typical characteristics of learning in the developed robotics environment. We collected qualitative data on learning through robot design and experimentation activities and, by means of the ground theory method, elicited and analyzed typical behavioral characteristics of students’ and pupils’ learning: self-confidence, help, collaboration, interest, seriousness, self-dependence, learning effort, responsibility, coping with learning pressure, learning through observation, and perseverance. As found, the behavior characteristics evolve in the course of robotics studies and their evolution can give indication on the development of the desired competences.     

Reflections on the interplay between cognition,action and outcomes in industries and business markets: What have we learned so far and where might we go next?

This essay traces the genesis and evolution of research pertaining to the interplay between cognition, action, and outcomes in industries and business markets and offers suggestions for the advancement of theory, research, and practice. Through a process of autobiographical self-reflection, covering the period from the mid-1980s–present, the author offers his views on developments and progress, first at a philosophical level, and then in terms of theory development and empirical advances, the development and application of methods for mapping actors' representations of strategic knowledge, and what this body of work has contributed and might contribute, going forward, to the design and evaluation of intervention tools and practices to aid strategic adaptation.     

中小型科技企业全寿命周期成本管理方案设计

中小型科技企业全寿命周期成本管理是一种实现其全寿命周期成本最小化、提高生存和发展能力的方法。在仿生学视角下将中小型科技企业的成长划分为孕育期、婴儿期、少年期、青年期、壮年期、老年期6个阶段,指出各阶段的属性、特征和成本管理应注意的事项,调查分析南阳市中小型科技企业所处寿命周期阶段和成本管理存在的问题及对策,发现其寿命周期曲线,分步设计中小型科技企业全寿命周期成本管理方案,介绍如何编制全寿命周期成本报告并进行分析应用,提出中小型科技企业全寿命周期成本管理的措施与建议。     

企业的主体性分析范式--基于"浙商"和中国企业的视角

从“浙商”和中国企业的视角看，存在对企业分析范式的传统性与现代化、普遍性与特殊性、企业家与企业、生产力与人的发展、经济与文化协调等多重矛盾统一的规定．以及循着超越发展的要求。但是，现有的企业分析范式不能完整和充分地适应这种要求．存在局限性。适应“浙商”和中国企业循着超越发展要求的是企业主体性分析范式，其假设前提是个人和共同利益的最大化，其研究平台是完整的主体性理论，其参照系是相关性与自主性的动态协调．其基本方法是科学分析与人文分析等的统一。企业主体性分析范式具有一般应用原理、特殊应用原理和典型应用原理，关键在于假设前提以及相关和自主的特性、内容与结构关系的不同。     

Commercializing a radical innovation: Probing the way to the market

Needs, market structures, business models, and relationships concerning radical innovations (RIs) are unpredictable and, consequently, firms face critical challenges in commercialization. Therefore, this study examines the commercialization of RIs as a process complicated by divergent challenges. By drawing on the literature on innovation management, RIs, and the commercialization and adoption of innovations, and by analyzing six longitudinal cases, the study generates its contribution: a dynamic process model for the commercialization of RIs. The model captures the iterative and partially unpredictable commercialization process comprising transits back and forth between three main zones: strategic marketing decision making, market creation and preparation, and sales creation and development. Over this probing process, a firm faces major commercialization challenges: 1) choosing a feasible strategy in conditions of uncertainty, 2) understanding the benefits of innovation from the customer's perspective, 3) creating credibility, 4) acquiring support from stakeholders and the ecosystem, 5) overcoming adoption barriers, and 6) creating sales. For managers, the results suggest diligence in the neglected market creation and preparation zone instead of attempting rushed sales creation.     

Barriers and bridges to the adoption of environmentally-sustainable offerings

This research identifies the factors that inhibit the incorporation of environmentally-sustainable offerings into firms' operations, while outlining strategies that environmentally-sustainable suppliers can use to overcome such adoption barriers. A discovery-oriented approach analyzes twenty in-depth interviews with mid- and senior-level managers whose firms were faced with, and yet overcame, adoption barriers. Results indicate that supplier related barriers, such as associated costs, ease of use, suppliers' credibility, and their offerings' creativity and execution, and intraorganizational barriers, such as organizational structure and culture, inhibit adoption. The refinement and alignment of suppliers' actions, communications, and offerings were suggested to aid in overcoming the barriers. This research yields insights for both research and practice, as it provides a series of testable research propositions, supports several theories, and furnishes supplier firms with strategies to better position their firms and offerings.     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed: Teulings, Coen and Hartog, Joop Corporatism or Competition? Labour Contracts, Institutions and Wage Structures in International Comparison Herzenberg, Stephen A., Alic, John A. and Wial, Howard New Rules for a New Economy: Employment and Opportunity in Post‐industrial America Strange, Susan Mad Money Whitfield, Keith and Strauss, George (eds) Researching the World of Work: Strategies and Methods in Studying Industrial Relations Mabey, Christopher, Skinner, Dennis and Clark, Timothy (eds) Experiencing Human Resource Management Newman, Karen L. and Nollen, Stanley D. Managing Radical Organizational Change Stark, David and Bruszt, Laszlo Post‐socialist Pathways: Transforming Politics and Property in East Central Europe Lange, Thomas and Shackleton, J.R. (eds) The Political Economy of German Unification Joshi, Heather and Paci, Pierella Unequal Pay for Men and Women: Evidence from the British Cohort Studies Eisenberg, Susan We’ll Call You If We Need You: Experiences of Women Working in Construction Drew, Eileen, Emerek, Ruth and Mahon, Evelyn (eds) Women, Work and the Family in Europe