四川省岷江沱江流域跨界断面水质超标资金扣缴监测浅析

本文通过对2011～2012年间四川省岷、沱江流域实施生态补偿跨界断面水质超标资金扣缴以及水质变化情况进行简要分析,提出了为保护长江水质资源、恢复长江的生态功能而完善流域跨界断面水质监测的建议。     

长江干流江苏段水质评价

利用长江干流江苏段16个断面的水质监测资料，采用最差因子评价法，对长江干流江苏段的16个断面水质状况进行了分析评价。结果表明，长江干流江苏段的水质以Ⅱ、Ⅲ类为主，夏半年的水质优于冬半年，部分断面水质较差，各断面的主要污染物以氨氮为主。     

长江(江苏段)沿江开发水质监控预警系统建设

长江（江苏段）水质监控预警体系是以信息技术为基础，综合运用地理信息系统（GIS）、遥感（NS）、网络、多媒体等现代高新科技手段，在沿江开发现状分析和评价的基础上，建立长江（江苏段）水质基础信息平台、不同功能的水质模型及其相应的管理系统，为区域的环境风险管理提供数据支持。     

基于统计分析的长宁河水质时空变化特征研究

长宁河流域为宜宾市重要经济发展区域,其水环境质量是长江经济带"三线一单"重要内容,科学分析其水质现状和变化特征是制定科学管理规划的重要依据。利用单因子评价法对长宁河各监测断面水质类别进行判断,采用统计分析方法对各断面水质指标的时间、空间变化特征进行分析,结果表明,长宁河水质总体较好,翡翠峡断面的TP超标较为严重,有79%的月份其水质类别为V类或劣V类。而水期敏感性分析结果表明在不同水期各断面的水质无明显变化,水量对河流水质影响较小。     

“成渝”交界濑溪河污染分析及治理方法研究

沱江位于长江上游，连接成渝双城经济圈，濑溪河是沱江左岸一级支流，濑溪河水环境状况直接影响沱江乃至长江水环境质量。采用污染物来源分析，污染负荷，三段式治理模式等方法，根据泸洲环境监测站例行监测数据，评价濑溪河(泸州段)流域水质在2011～2019年变化情况。结果表明，采用三段式治理模式的方法后，使治理后使濑溪河(泸州段)流域水质带来了突破性的改善，主流濑溪河官渡大桥和鹅项井监测断面水质分别由Ⅳ类和Ⅴ类提升到了Ⅲ类和Ⅳ类，污染较严重的支流九曲河水质也由劣Ⅴ类提升到了Ⅳ类。截止2019年，出河口污染物指标水质情况分别为：BOD₅Ⅰ类水质，DO、I_Mn、TP和NH₃-N均为Ⅲ类水质，仅COD为Ⅳ类水质。另外，主要的污染指标(COD、NH₃-N、TP)均达到了减排的目的。研究结果可为在具备相似污染物和地理条件的河流采用，三段式治理模式的提出丰富了大型流域水环境质量提升的治理方法。     

三峡库区万州区段长江水中泥沙量对其水质的影响分析

长江三峡库区的生态环境及水质情况。随着三峡工程建设的不断深入而备受社会各界的瞩目。重庆市万州区地处三峡水库腹心地带。长江自西南向东北横穿万州区全境。过境流程83公里。万州区溪流纵横。水网密布，多数河流直接排入长江。而且在三峡库区大移民进程中有大量的移民集中在万州。在三峡大坝即将合龙之际，研究长江万州流域的水质情况无疑对指导库区的清理工作、生态环境建设等具有重大意义。本文对该地区的水污染源进行了初步考察。同时对万州区段长江流域的水质进行了探索性研究。发现该区水土流失情况较为严重，而且水中的泥沙含量与其COD水平有相关关系。江水中大部分的COD是由泥沙携带的有机物的贡献。     

两种水源的水质及其混凝效果对比

针对一年中长江原水和黄浦江原水的水质情况,进行了两种原水几种水质指标的对比分析,混凝沉淀后两种原水氨氮和CODMn的达标情况对比,以及不同水温对于两大原水浊度、氨氮和CODMn混凝效果的影响。结果表明,黄浦江原水的浊度、氨氮和CODMn一般比长江原水高,pH比长江原水低,经过混凝沉淀处理后长江原水氨氮和CODMn的达标率比黄浦江原水高,两种原水的浊度、氨氮和CODMn的去除率随水温的升高有增大的趋势,若两种原水进行混合,为保证其处理后水质达标,则黄浦江和长江原水的配比最好不能超过2∶8。     

实验室率定法测算长江南通段污染物降解系数

污染物降解系数是确定水环境容量的关键参数之一,本文采用实验室率定法,采集长江南通段的水样,分别于6℃、10℃、16℃、20℃室温下,在实验室内进行周期为20天的室内水质分析,根据室内水质分析结果,测算出不同温度下长江南通段"十二五"减排的约束性指标化学需氧量、氨氮的降解系数,并定性分析了长江水体中污染物本底浓度、可生化性、pH值等环境因子对污染物降解系数可能发生的影响。     

宜宾市主要江河水质现状及污染防治对策

本文根据对宜宾市主要河流多年的地表水质监测数据和污染源排污状况的综合分析，阐明了金沙江，岷江，长江宜浓段的水环境质量状况和污染成因，提出了水污染防治对策，为政府决策提供了科学依据。     

多级模糊模式识别模型及在长江水质评价中的应用

利用多级模糊模式识别方法的基本理论,通过多目标优选,计算指标综合权重,给出了长江水质的评价模型;利用该模型对长江干流四川境内的5个观测断面的水质监测结果做出了评价:攀枝花、重庆朱沱和宜宾凉姜沟的水质属Ⅱ级,乐山岷江大桥和泸州沱江二桥的水质属Ⅲ级.评价结果不仅体现了水质级别,更体现了同级别水质中不同的污染程度,因而结果更为合理可靠.     

制度变迁视角下对河长制的实施动因分析——以江苏省为例

河长制作为一种综合管理制度,明确了河湖治理的权利和责任,实现了外部性的内化与交易费用的降低,河长制的起源是内生性变化的结果,其制度变迁的过程受制于路径依赖的惯性及其所处的社会环境变化,河湖水质的改善和水治理能力现代化的提升验证了河长制是制度创新的成功实践。中国河湖治理制度的演进符合制度变迁的进程,河长制的实施是历史的必然选择。基于制度变迁理论,以首创河长制的江苏省为例,通过展开江苏省河湖治理政策的演变过程分析河长制的成效和实施动因,进而总结制度变迁理论为河长制变迁提供的启示。     

垫江县次级河流环境现状分析

垫江县次级河流部分水质指标不容乐观,以种植污染、养殖污染和生活污染为代表的农村面源污染日渐成为垫江河流污染的主要因素。改变垫江河流水质现状,必须尽量减少化肥农药施用,改变传统养殖模式,完善农村垃圾收运系统,加快建设农村废水治理设施。     

Surface Water Seepage Effects on Shallow Ground‐Water Quality Along the Rio Grande in Northern New Mexico1

Abstract: Interactions between surface irrigation water, shallow ground water, and river water may have effects on water quality that are important for both drinking water supplies and the ecological function of rivers and floodplains. We investigated water quality in surface water and ground water, and how water quality is influenced by surface water inputs from an unlined irrigation system in the Alcalde Valley of the Rio Grande in northern New Mexico. From August 2005 to July 2006, we sampled ground water and surface water monthly and analyzed for concentrations of major cations and anions, specific conductance, pH, dissolved oxygen, and water levels. Results indicate that irrigation ditch seepage caused an increase in ground water levels and that the Rio Grande is a gaining stream in this region. Temporal and spatial differences were found in ion concentrations in shallow ground water as it flowed from under the ditch toward the river. Ground‐water ion concentrations were higher when the ditch was not flowing compared with periods during peak irrigation season when the ditch was flowing. Ditch inputs diluted ion concentrations in shallow ground water at well positions near the ditch. Specifically, lower ion concentrations were detected in ground water at well positions located near the ditch and river compared with well positions located in the middle of an agricultural field. Results from this project showed that ditch inputs influenced ion concentrations and were associated with ground‐water recharge. In arid region river valleys, careful consideration should be given to management scenarios that change seepage from irrigation systems, because in some situations reduced seepage could negatively affect ground‐water recharge and water quality.     

盘锦近岸海域无机氮污染因子削减与预测

通过盘锦海域的海水质量和水文分析,建立盘锦海域潮流场模型。在不同输入条件下,利用潮流场模型对近岸海域的无机氮污染物含量变化响应进行模拟,得出3条河流(辽河、大辽河和大凌河)无机氮削减值,在此条件下可实现近岸海域无机氮达标要求。     

新乡市环境质量变化原因及应对措施

通过对比分析新乡市2011年与2010年的监测数据,发现：环境空气质量、地表水河流控制断面有污染加重的趋势;气象条件、经济形势低迷、机动车尾气排放、交通干道堵塞是引起空气质量变化的原因;引起地表水质量变化的原因包括没有新鲜水源补给、结构性污染严重、其他城市来水污染、污水处理厂没有脱氮除磷设施。由此,提出了严格实行总量预算管理、转变经济增长方式、加强政府干预、加大环境监管、加强基础设施建设、河渠综合整治的改善环境质量的对策建议。     

天堂河河道治理工程水质改善预测分析

河道治理工程重在改善河道的水质，以恢复河流生态系统。本文以北京市大兴区天堂河河道治理工程为例，介绍了河道治理工程环境影响评价中的水质改善预测分析，首先分析生态需水量和供氧量是否满足河流生态需水要求，后又利用地面水环评助手软件预测了河流水质，预测分析了天堂河水质目标的可达性，旨在为以后的河道治理类工程环境影响评价提供参考。     

吐曼河近5a水质变化浅析

通过单因子评价法对吐曼河水质现状及近期变化趋势进行了分析,揭示了近几年来吐曼河水质年内及年际变化的特点,以期对吐曼河水污染治理提供参考。     

絮凝沉淀法在城市内河水质净化中的应用

通过多种内河水质净化方法的对比,分析了絮凝沉淀法净化内河水质的优势,阐述了絮凝剂投加和絮凝沉淀设备选用的要点,并以福州市安泰河水质净化工程为例,介绍了絮凝沉淀法净化内河水质的应用效果。     

A two-dimensional water-quality model for a winding and topographically complicated river

In this paper, a two-dimensional numerical calculation algorithm for water-quality modeling is presented. The algorithm is designed specifically for river systems with complicated geometric conditions. When velocity field data of the river are not available, the numerical calculation algorithm for the water-quality modeling can be used to project river-water quality by using a topographic map of the river course and a finite element method. The calculation results of the water-quality model can show the concentration fields of various pollutants. The water-quality model was applied to a case-study in the Hengyang City section of Xiangjiang River in Hunan Province, China. The river under consideration is winding and has an isle between two branches. In 1995, Chinese government secured a World Bank loan to conduct a Waterways Project in the study region. It was expected that construction works in the river section might affect water quality. Given that the project would change the hydrological regime of the river system and discharges, and so would affect water quality, there would be a need for model results that would predict the water-quality impacts of the Waterways Project. In particular, the study intended to apply the model to identify changes in river-water quality associated with the construction of Dayuandu navigation key project. It is hoped that the numerical calculation algorithm for the water-quality modeling presented in this paper can also be applied to other shallow rivers with similar topographical conditions.     

Monitoring of Seasonal Variation in the Water Quality of Ubu River in Ekwusigo and Nnewi Local Government Areas of Anambra State,Nigeria

Investigation of the water quality of the Ubu river has been carried out. The upstream course of the river is slightly acidic (pH 5.45 ± 0.23), and the acidity decreases along the lower courses of the river. Turbidity, surfactant, and iron content parameters of the river increased during the wet season, and these changes have been attributed to inputs from flood, leachates of soil erosion, and storm water runoff discharged into the river in increased quantities during the season. Concentrations of some metals were found to increase during the dry season because of absence of dilution of the river by storm water runoff. Most water quality parameters are within World Health Organization acceptable limits set for potable water, and they include most of the cationic and anionic constituents. Although there is no hydrocarbon or metal ion pollution, potability is reduced along the mid to downstream courses of the river by unacceptable levels of turbidity, surfactant concentration, and iron content, particularly during the wet season.