DPB污泥浓度对反硝化除磷的影响

为了进一步了解反硝化聚磷菌（DPB）污泥质量浓度（MLSS）对反硝化除磷过程的影响,进行一系列厌氧、缺氧模拟试验．研究考察DPB污泥的MLSS对厌氧释磷、缺氧反硝化吸磷的影响。结果表明：MLSS越高,释、吸磷速率及反硝化速率越高;MLSS对释、吸磷比速率和反硝化比速率的影响较小;厌氧总释磷量由污水中可利用COD的多少决定,DPB污泥的MLSS只影响到达释磷平衡的时间：污水中含氮量偏低引起反硝化吸磷段NO3^-不足时,DPB污泥厌氧释磷量高于反硝化吸磷量．MLSS越高经缺氧反硝化吸磷处理后水中含磷量越高。     

反硝化除磷污泥的厌氧释磷与缺氧吸磷特性研究

为研究厌氧释磷过程中的影响因素,以连续流A 2N双污泥中试污泥为样品,考察了碳源种类、碳源浓度、pH值以及温度对反硝化除磷污泥厌氧释磷的影响。结果表明:乙酸为碳源时释磷效果最佳,其次是葡萄糖,甲醇为碳源时释磷效果较差。MLSS为1 200 mg/L左右时,投加200 mg/L的COD即可保证充分释磷。pH值为6.3~8.8,对厌氧释磷效果影响不大,适当提高pH值有利于提高释磷速率。温度为20~30℃,释磷效果较好。另外,实验同时研究了反硝化除磷污泥分别利用不同电子受体(硝氮、氧气)的吸磷特性。以硝氮为电子受体的反硝化吸磷过程中,前15min的反硝化吸磷脱氮速率最高,吸磷速率与反硝化速率分别为11.5、10.4 mgN/gVSS·h;以氧气为电子受体的好氧吸磷过程中,前15 min的好氧吸磷速率最高,达到20.4 mgP/gVSS·h,大约为反硝化吸磷的2倍。     

过量曝气对生物除磷性能的影响研究

采用两组A/A/O方式运行的SBR反应器,溶解氧分别控制在2～4mg/L(对照组)和6～8mg/L(过量曝气组),通过试验对比研究了过量曝气对聚磷菌厌氧释磷、缺氧吸磷、好氧吸磷性能的影响。结果表明:过量曝气初期,出水磷浓度低于对照组,一周后出水磷浓度开始上升,除磷率下降了18%;过量曝气时,厌氧释磷量是对照组的1.45倍,释磷速率不变,缺氧吸磷量增加,但反硝化聚磷菌的比例减少,好氧吸磷量和吸磷速率均降低,分别为对照组的75%和68%,而内源损耗引起的无效释磷和好氧吸磷能力降低是除磷效果变差的主要原因;过量曝气使污泥的SVI值升高,平均粒径减小,出水SS略优于对照组,污泥的含磷量降低,总磷去除效果变差,长期过量曝气,将会导致生物除磷过程的恶化。     

SBR中除磷颗粒污泥的培养和A/O及A/A/O颗粒污泥工艺除磷特性研究

以絮状活性污泥为接种污泥,乙酸钠为碳源,在SBR反应器内采用水力筛选的方法进行生物除磷颗粒污泥培养,然后诱导为反硝化聚磷颗粒污泥,探讨2种颗粒污泥除磷特性.结果表明,在厌氧/好氧(A/O)交替运行条件下,82d后培养出生物除磷颗粒污泥,污泥颜色呈淡黄色,粒径为0.5~1.5 mm,沉速为20~30 m/h,含水率为94%,密度为1.043 9,SVI在50 mL/g以下;437d时污泥最大比释磷速率(SRPR)为67.7 mg/(g.h),最大比吸磷速率(SUPR)为43.2 mg/(g.h),污泥中总磷的含量(TP/SS)为6.5%;448 d时改变运行条件为厌氧/缺氧/好氧(A/A/O)进行反硝化聚磷试验,653 d时反硝化聚磷颗粒污泥最大SRPR为30mg/(g.h),最大缺氧SUPR为27.9 mg/(g.h),TP/SS为6.3%.生物除磷颗粒污泥和反硝化聚磷颗粒污泥具有较强的除磷能力.     

反硝化除磷污泥的缺氧吸磷性能研究

为探讨反硝化除磷过程中污泥的缺氧吸磷性能,利用厌氧/缺氧强化驯化得到的反硝化除磷污泥,通过间歇性试验考察不同电子受体类型、不同污泥浓度(MLSS)对吸磷过程的影响。试验结果表明,缺氧条件下反硝化除磷菌(DPB)利用硝酸盐作为电子受体能够彻底吸磷,其吸磷速率约为好氧吸磷的59%;若以亚硝酸盐为电子受体,浓度较低时(10.6 mg/L)的吸磷速率与硝酸盐为电子受体时相当,但较高的亚硝酸盐浓度(22.6 mg/L)会抑制反硝化除磷过程;适当提高污泥浓度能加快缺氧吸磷速度,而过高的污泥浓度会降低污泥对氮、磷的比去除速率,故应将MLSS控制在合理的范围内。     

SBR中生物除磷颗粒污泥的反硝化聚磷研究

反硝化聚磷菌(DNPAOs)可利用厌氧储存的聚.3.羟基丁酸(PHB)以硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐为电子受体进行过量吸磷和反硝化,从而达到在低碳源下脱氮除磷的双重目的.本试验在SBR反应器中,采用厌氧,缺氧/好氧(A/A/O)交替运行的方式.将富集聚磷菌(PAOs)的颗粒污泥成功地诱导为具有反硝化聚磷能力的颗粒污泥.诱导结束后P的去除率在90%以上,NOx-N的去除率在93%以上,厌氧段释磷量在25-33 mg/L,缺氧段每去除lg NOx-N吸收P约1.3 g;典型周期运行结果显示,厌氧段最大比释磷速率(SRPR)为18.39 mg/(g.h),缺氧段最大比吸磷速率(SUPR)为23.72 mg/(g·h),最大比反硝化速率(SDNR)为18.19mg/(g·h),好氧段最大SUPR为17.15 me,/(g·h):颗粒污泥中DNPAOs的数量由诱导前的14.9%增加到80.7%.与除磷颗粒污泥相比.反硝化聚磷颗粒污泥沉速提高0.16-0.7倍,比重提高0.003 1.     

市政污水处理厂生物除磷运行效能与机理分析

选取浙江北部10个污水处理厂,调研污水厂生物除磷的运行效能并开展污泥活性以及微生物分布特征及其除磷机理的研究.通过活性污泥批试验表明,厌氧释磷率和好氧聚磷率(以P计)平均为2.4mg/(g·h)和2.2mg/(g·h);反硝化聚磷菌(DPAOs)占聚磷菌(PAOs)的比例为0.0%～80.1%.荧光原位杂交法(FISH)对活性污泥微生物群落结构分析表明,聚磷菌(PAOs)比例为2.0%～8.7%,聚糖菌(GAOs)比例为1.3%～22.4%.根据调查结果和生物除磷性能研究,可通过调整污水营养成分和设置独立前置反硝化池等方法改善除磷效果.     

强化生物除磷体系中的反硝化除磷

 采用SBR反应器,研究了以硝酸盐作为电子受体的反硝化除磷过程.结果表明,反硝化聚磷菌存在于传统的强化生物除磷体系中.厌氧段磷的释放和COD的消耗成线性关系.通过厌氧/好氧交替运行方式,反硝化聚磷菌在聚磷菌中的比例从13.3%上升到69.4%.稳定运行的厌氧/缺氧SBR反应器具有良好的强化生物除磷和反硝化脱氮性能,缺氧结束时体系中磷浓度小于1mg/L,除磷效率大于89%.     

同时硝化/反硝化除磷工艺的脱氮除磷效能

为实现同时硝化/反硝化除磷(SNDPR),在序批式活性污泥反应器(SBR)中,采用厌氧/好氧和厌氧/缺氧/好氧2种运行模式驯化污泥,并考察了厌氧/低氧模式下SNDPR过程中COD、PHB、TP、TN、DO和电化学参数的变化规律。结果表明,经2阶段驯化,反硝化聚磷菌比例提升至85.9%,硝化速率达5.97 mg(/L.h),实现了反硝化除磷菌和硝化菌的良好共存;在厌氧/低氧模式下,SNDPR对低碳城市污水具有良好脱氮除磷效果,TP、TN和COD去除率达到93.7%、79%和87.7%;PHB与COD降解、TN降解和TP吸收有良好的相关性,也是SNDPR过程的碳源驱动力;pH和ORP曲线上"谷点"预示厌氧释磷结束,pH曲线"折点"指示SNDPR结束。     

NO_3~-和NO_2~-作为电子受体时的反硝化除磷实时控制

采用SBR厌氧/缺氧运行方式,研究了NO- 3和NO- 2作为电子受体时的反硝化除磷效能及ORP与pH作为反硝化除磷过程控制参数的可行性.结果表明,反硝化除磷过程中COD、磷酸盐、电子受体浓度与体系pH和ORP的变化具有较强的相关性.在厌氧阶段,当释磷结束时,pH值平台的出现指示了释磷的结束;在缺氧阶段,吸磷结束后,ORP出现拐点,标志着缺氧吸磷的完成.另外,考察了2种电子受体(NO- 3和NO- 2)反硝化除磷的效能.在以NO- 3为电子受体的反应中,在缺氧初期30 min反应中,平均摄磷速率为32.68 mg/(L·h),每吸收1 mg PO3- 4-P 约消耗1.14 mg NO- 3-N.在以NO- 2为电子受体的反应中,在缺氧初期30 min反应中,平均摄磷速率为17.66 mg/(L·h),每吸收1 mg PO3- 4-P 约消耗1.57 mg NO- 2-N.综上,提出pH和ORP可以作为2种电子受体(NO- 3和NO- 2)反硝化除磷的实时控制参数,并且,以NO- 3为电子受体系统在摄磷方面优于NO- 2电子受体系统.     

Anoxic phosphorus removal in a pilot scale anaerobic-anoxic oxidation ditch process

The anaerobic-anoxic oxidation ditch (A²/O OD) process is popularly used to eliminate nutrients from domestic wastewater. In order to identify the existence of denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria (DPB), evaluate the contribution of DPB to biological nutrient removal, and enhance the denitrifying phosphorus removal in the A²/O OD process, a pilot-scale A²/O OD plant (375 L) was conducted. At the same time batch tests using sequence batch reactors (12 L and 4 L) were operated to reveal the significance of anoxic phosphorus removal. The results indicated that: The average removal efficiency of COD, NH₄⁺, PO₄³⁻, and TN were 88.2%, 92.6%, 87.8%, and 73.1%, respectively, when the steady state of the pilotscale A²/O OD plant was reached during 31–73 d, demonstrating a good denitrifying phosphorus removal performance. Phosphorus uptake took place in the anoxic zone by poly-phosphorus accumulating organisms NO₂⁻ could be used as electron receptors in denitrifying phosphorus removal, and the phosphorus uptake rate with NO₂⁻ as the electron receptor was higher than that with NO₃⁻ when the initial concentration of either NO₂⁻ or NO₃⁻ was 40 mg/L.     

亚硝酸盐为电子受体反硝化除磷工艺的可行性

采用序批式反应器(SBR),以亚硝酸盐为电子受体,探讨了厌氧/缺氧条件下反硝化除磷工艺的可行性,并通过间歇实验考察了亚硝酸盐浓度、进水COD浓度和进水pH值对反硝化除磷工艺的影响.结果表明,亚硝酸盐作为电子受体的同步脱氮除磷过程是完全可以实现的,控制NO₂^--N浓度为35±5mg/L、厌氧段进水pH值为8.0±0.1,缺氧段进水pH值为7.2±0.1、COD浓度为400mg/L时,反硝化除磷效果最佳.     

乙酸丙酸比例对富集聚磷菌生物除磷系统影响研究

通过丙酸/乙酸(以C计)比例为0.1、0.5、1、2、10的合成废水,在SBR反应器(1#～5#)中长期驯化聚磷菌(PAO)富集的污泥,研究了丙酸/乙酸比例对增强生物除磷系统(EBPR)中短链脂肪酸(SCFA)降解、溶解性正磷(SOP)的释放/吸收及其去除率的影响.结果表明,PAO对SCFA的利用符合一级动力学过程,PAO对丙酸的利用速率较乙酸快,因此,增加丙酸/乙酸比例有助于EBPR系统的稳定性.随丙酸/乙酸比例增加,SOP的释放与吸收量减少,SOP的代谢速率降低,但SOP的去除率明显增加.因此,增加丙酸/乙酸比例有助于提高EBPR系统除磷效率.     

两级生物选择同步除磷脱氮新工艺

针对现有市政污水处理工艺难以兼顾同时生物脱氮除磷的矛盾,结合生活污水低碳氮比的特点,通过在传统的A/O工艺的基础上增设了1个厌氧选择器以提供生物释磷最适宜环境,1个缺氧选择器以避免回流污泥中硝酸盐对厌氧释磷影响以及防止污泥膨胀,开发了一种新型的2级生物选择同步除磷脱氮新工艺.研究表明,应用2级生物选择反硝化除磷脱氮工艺处理生活污水,当进水COD/TN=4.4, COD/TP=33的情况下,稳定期的COD、氨氮、总磷的去除效率分别可达到88%、90%和97%,出水水质达到了国家《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》的一级A标准,反硝化除磷量占总除磷量的35%,并且缺氧段硝酸盐量和缺氧吸磷量成明显的线性关系,平均每消耗1mgNO3--N约吸收1.8mgTP,此线性关系可作为本工艺反硝化除磷的一个重要控制参数.     

Influence of carbon source and temperature on the denitrifying phosphorus removal process

To supply the valuable operating parameters for the popular usage of the new denitrifying phosphors removal process, it is essential to study the dominant biochemical reactions and the characteristics of denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria (DPB). Thus, parallel batch experiments using DPB sludge were carried out to assess the effect of substrates (sewage, HAc, and endogenous carbon source) on denitrifying dephosphorus removal efficiency in this study. The results showed that the initial specific phosphorus release rate increased with the high concentration of the short-chain volatile fatty acids ratio in the influent, and sufficient phosphorus was released by DPB. This improved the subsequent denitrification and phosphorus uptake efficiency. The specific endogenous denitrification mainly relies on the internal carbon source (PHB) stored by poly-P bacteria. Denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria were very hungry when the internal PHB was consumed. Consequently, the specific endogenous denitrification rate was low and the phosphorus uptake did not happen. On the other hand, in the experiment, the denitrifying phosphorus removal performance under two temperature conditions (8–10°C and 25–26°C) was also investigated and analyzed. It was found that the lower temperature decreased the specific phosphorus release and uptake rate, but did not inhibit the denitrifying phosphorus removal completely. Therefore, the negative influence of the low temperature on the overall phosphorus removal was not significant. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2006, 26 (2): 186–192 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

Effect of carbon source and nitrate concentration on denitrifying phosphorus removal by DPB sludge

Effect of added carbon source and nitrate concentration on the denitrifying phosphorus removal by DPB sludge was systematically studied using batch experiments, at the same time the variation of ORP was investigated.Results showed that the denitrifying and phosphorus uptake rate in anoxic phase increased with the high initial anaerobic carbon source addition. However once the initial COD concentration reached a certain level, which was in excess to the PHB saturation of poly-P bacteria, residual COD carried over to anoxic phase inhibited the subsequent denitrifying phosphorus uptake. Simultaneously, phosphate uptake continued until all nitrate was removed, following a slow endogenous release of phosphate. High nitrate concentration in anoxic phase increased the initial denitrffying phosphorus rate. Once the nitrate was exhausted, phosphate uptake changed to release. Moreover, the time of this turning point occurred later with the higher nitrate addition. On the other hand, through on-line monitoring the variation of the ORP with different initial COD concentration, it was found ORP could be used as a control parameter for phosphorus release, but it is impossible to utilize ORP for controlling the denitrificaion and anoxic phosphorus uptake operations.     

不同厌氧时间对富集聚磷菌的SNDPR系统处理性能的影响

在延时厌氧(3h)/低氧(2.5h,溶解氧0.5~1.0mg/L)条件下运行的富集聚磷菌的同步硝化反硝化(SNDPR)系统中,以城市生活污水为处理对象,研究了不同厌氧时间(3.5,3,2,1.5h)对系统内碳源贮存以及脱氮除磷效果的影响.试验结果表明:厌氧时间为3.5h,反应器脱氮效果最好.厌氧时间为3h时,反应器除磷效果最好,出水PO₄^3-浓度为0.35mg/L.厌氧时间从1.5h逐渐上升到3.5h时,厌氧末贮存的聚羟基脂肪酸-PHAs的量也随之增加;当厌氧时间从3h升至3.5h时,释P量反而下降,出水P浓度反而升高.这说明增加厌氧时间有利于强化内碳源贮存,但过长的厌氧时间反而不利聚磷菌种群的富集.运行51个周期之后在厌氧时间为1.5h和2h的反应器内出现非丝状菌膨胀;反应周期内pH值的变化曲线可以作为反应各个过程的指示参数.     

强化膜生物反应器脱氮除磷性能对比试验研究

对序批式运行方式强化膜生物反应器脱氮除磷效果进行了研究.在试验过程中逐渐降低进水COD TN值,提高总氮负荷,比较序批式膜生物反应器和传统膜生物反应器的脱氮除磷性能与膜污染状况.试验结果表明,进水COD TN降至3 8～8 3,总氮负荷提高至0 22kg·m-3·d-1时,传统膜生物反应器无法脱氮,而序批式膜生物反应器通过改变周期、提高交换比等方式,TN和氨氮去除率分别保持在67 6%和93 1%.序批式的运行方式还可以减轻膜污染.     

胞外聚合物EPS在废水生物除磷中的作用

对EPS在废水生物除磷中的作用机理进行系统研究,探讨和完善生物除磷机理.试验结果表明,在生物除磷系统中,EPS贮存了部分磷,在生物除磷中起着重要的作用.在厌氧.好氧交替过程中.EPS中磷含量呈厌氧减少、好氧增加的周期性变化;污泥中的磷有82%左右被聚磷菌吸收,另外18%左右的磷聚集在EPS中;一个运行周期中基质所减少的磷84.3%被聚磷菌过量吸收,15.7%被贮存于EPS中;EPS对磷的去除能力与EPS的含量正相关.此外,泥龄对EPS影响较大,对EPS在生物除磷中的作用影响显著,泥龄越长,EPS含量越高,EPS中所贮存的磷含量越高.而磷负荷对EPS除磷影响不显著.     

Nitrogen and phosphorus removal in pilot-scale anaerobic-anoxic oxidation ditch system

To achieve high efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus removal and to investigate the rule of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification phosphorus removal(SNDPR),a whole course of SNDPR damage and recovery was studied in a pilot-scale,anaerobicanoxic oxidation ditch(OD),where the volumes of anaerobic zone,anoxic zone,and ditches zone of the OD system were 7,21,and 280L,respectively.The reactor was fed with municipal wastewater with a flow rate of 336 L/d.The concept of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND)rate(rSND) was put forward to quantify SND.The results indicate that:(1)high nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies were achieved during the stable SND phase,total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphate(TP) removal rates were 80%and 85%,respectively;(2)when the system was aerated excessively,the stability of SND was damaged,and rSND dropped from 80% to 20%or less;(3)the natural logarithm of the ratio of NOx to MJ4 in the effluent had a linear correlation to oxidation-reduction potential (ORP);(4)when NO3- was less than 6 mg/L.high phosphorus removal efficiency could be achieved;(5)denitrifying phosphorus removal (DNPR) could take place in the anaerobic-anoxic OD system.The major innovation was that the SND rate was devised and quantified.