世界"静脉产业"迅速崛起的原因及趋势探讨

探讨了“静脉产业”——再生资源产业,即对社会生产过程和生活消费中产生的各种废弃物进行回收和再加工利用的产业在世界上迅速崛起的原因及发展趋势。指出世界“静脉产业”迅速发展的原因主要是为缓解经济快速发展与资源短缺的矛盾,实施经济与社会可持续发展战略;同时,采取了构建社会化的产业发展体系、建立产业技术研发体系、调整产业空间布局、创造良好的制度环境等一系列战略措施。对＂静脉产业＂未来发展趋势,分析认为世界“静脉产业”将呈现经济地位不断提升,出口量逐步减少,技术研究与开发进一步加强,企业规模结构趋向合理、各具特点的生态工业园区不断发展,法规政策体系不断完善等发展趋势。     

沈阳市静脉产业及静脉产业园区发展对策与建议

为了提高沈阳静脉产业水平,探索建立与城市发展水平相适应的环保产业发展园区,以静脉产业和静脉产业类生态工业园区的基本概念为基础,通过对沈阳静脉产业存在的法律、经济政策、回收体系、技术水平、利用体系等主要问题的分析,提出沈阳市今后静脉产业及静脉产业发展园区应采取的对策。     

英国生活垃圾污染防治研究

当前,"垃圾围城"是每个发展中的城市都要面临的实际问题.通过对英国生活垃圾污染防治法律法规、政策措施、宣传教育、分类回收等的系统整理和分析,建议中国在政府层面,加强顶层设计,完善法律法规,形成分工明确的制度体系和责、权、利统一的管理体系;在实施层面,推广有效的垃圾回收处理技术,完善垃圾回收、处理的基础设施,加强宣传教育,制定扶持政策,鼓励社会资本参与垃圾分类收集处理,将垃圾处理作为一个产业做强做大.     

废弃物处理及再生技术①

就像人体的动脉的和静脉的循环运动一样,人类的社会生产活动也存在着一个循环。我们不妨将企业的生产活动称为“动脉产业”,将废弃物处理业和物质的再利用称为“静脉产业”。 在大量生产、大量浪费型社会里,整个社会成为一个过度重视动脉产业而忽视静脉产业的紊乱有机体,因而也就导致了失衡,并逐渐发展成为严重的环境问题。从产业发展的     

从“五位一体”高度把握生态建设与经济发展关系

党"十八大"将生态文明建设上升到党和国家战略层面,本文从"五位一体"高度,全面阐述了生态建设与经济发展的关系。为了将生态文明建设融入经济建设和各方面工作中,全方位建设美丽中国,本研究建议,战略层面,立足基本国情,搞好顶层设计;制度层面,根据生态文明建设规划要求,建立完善各项制度、体制;产业层面,大力推进产业升级,大力发展环保产业;政策层面,完善环保法规体系和激励约束并举的经济政策体系;社会文化层面,加强生态文明宣传教育,营造爱护生态环境的良好风气。     

生态文明思想对高校思政教育的指导作用

<正>美丽中国建设既是广大人民群众追求美好生活的现实愿景,又是我国社会发展的长期战略目标。这一目标的实现依托社会生态文明建设,因而在社会治理中需要从理论指导、制度保障、宣传教育、实践路径等方面系统化构建生态文明建设体系,更好地推动社会的发展进步。由钱易和温宗国等编写,中国环境出版集团出版的《新时代生态文明建设总论》,立足于新时代背景,系统梳理了十八大以来党的生态文明建设理论体系,     

全国环境宣传教育行动纲要（2011-2015年）

为进一步加强环境宣传教育工作,增强全民环境意识,建立全民参与的社会行动体系,推进资源节约型、环境友好型社会建设,提高生态文明水平,依据党中央、国务院关于加强环境保护的要求和＂十二五＂时期环境保护工作部署,特制定《全国环境宣传教育行动纲要（2011-2015年）》。     

全国环境宣传教育行动纲要（2011—2015年）

为进一步加强环境宣传教育工作,增强全民环境意识,建立全民参与的社会行动体系,推进资源节约型、环境友好型社会建设,提高生态文明水平,依据党中央、国务院关于加强环境保护的要求和“十二五”时期环境保护工作部署,特制定《全国环境宣传教育行动纲要（2011-2015年）》。     

全国环境宣传教育行动纲要(2011—2015年)

为进一步加强环境宣传教育工作,增强全民环境意识,建立全民参与的社会行动体系,推进资源节约型、环境友好型社会建设,提高生态文明水平,依据党中央、国务院关于加强环境保护的要求和"十二五"时期环境保护工作部署,特制定《全国环境宣传教育行动纲要(2011-2015年)》。"十一五"环境宣传教育情况和面临的任务"十一五"期间,环境宣传教育坚持以科学发展观为统领,坚持团结稳定鼓劲、正面宣传为主、服务大众的方针,以《关于做好"十一五"时期环境宣传教育工作的意见》、《关于做好新形势下环境宣传教育工作的意见》为指引,有力地服务和配合了环保中心工作,全社会环境意识明显提高,对环境保护的认识和实践都发生了重要转变,在建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会和生态文明,圆满完成污染减排任务等工作中发挥了重要作用。     

全国环境宣传教育行动纲要(2011-2015年)

为进一步加强环境宣传教育工作,增强全民环境意识,建立全民参与的社会行动体系,推进资源节约型、环境友好型社会建设,提高生态文明水平,依据党中央、国务院关于加强环境保护的要求和"十二五"时期环境保护工作部署,特制定<全国环境宣传教育行动纲要(2011-2015年)>.     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Effects of chitosan on growth of an aquatic plant (Hydrilla verticillata) in polluted waters with different chemical oxygen demands

Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, Hydrilla verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. venicillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD (980 mg/L) and decreased with low COD (63 mg/L), respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant cells from the control experiment (untreated with chitosan) were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water.     

Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture

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