活性污泥法处理焦化废水COD不达标原因分析

采用GC/MS对国内某焦化厂的主要工艺废水及生化外排水中的有机污染物进行了系统检测,分析了各主要工艺废水及生化外排水中有机污染物的组成。结果表明,造成外排水COD不达标的主要原因是由于废水中含有难降解的含氮杂环类和多环芳烃类有机物。这两类有机物主要来自焦油和苯回收精制工艺过程中产生的废水,占生化外排水中所有有机物提供的总COD的72.64%。若对这几种废水进行单独处理则可保证生化外排废水COD达标。     

用厌氧酸化预处理焦化废水的研究

在采用色谱-质谱(GC/MS)联用仪分析北京焦化厂废水中有机物组分及浓度的基础上,研究厌氧酸化对焦化废水可生物处理性能的影响,并探讨厌氧酸化作为焦化废水好氧生物处理预处理的可行性。试验结果表明,焦化废水经6h厌氧酸化,12h好氧曝气,COD去除率可达90％以上,比未用厌氧酸化预处理的COD去除率提高近40％。当焦化废水进水COD为1780mg/l时,出水COD可降至158mg/l。     

焦化废水中有机污染物的特性及处理工艺方法的研究

研究了焦化废水中有机物的特性及有机污染物处理技术的发展动态和新方法。研究表明 ,生物法和物化新方法的联合工艺是处理焦化废水有机污染物的有效方法     

生物流化床A/O2工艺处理焦化废水过程中有机组分的GC/MS分析

在自行设计的2000m3·d-1规模的生物流化床A/O2工艺中,以实际焦化废水为研究对象,采用GC/MS法分析各单元工艺的有机物组分,解析了污染物的降解规律.结果发现,焦化废水中酚类物质占有机物总量的90%以上;厌氧阶段对废水COD的去除率为10%～15%,主要为大分子复杂有机物分解为有机酸、有机醇类,此过程使废水BOD/COD值由0.30提高到0.45;一级好氧阶段可去除大部分的酚、胺、喹啉、吡啶、呋喃、吲哚、萘等组分,COD的去除率达到65%～70%;二级好氧阶段的COD去除率为40%～50%.间甲苯酚、哌嗪、哌啶、长链烃类、苯类等在生物处理出水中可被检出,属于难降解成分,有必要对其进行深度处理.采用TTC脱氢酶法测试了不同工艺段废水对酶活的影响,在相同的TOC浓度时,厌氧出水和一级好氧出水的酶活达26～29μg·h-1,滤池出水的酶活为几个工艺段水质的最低值7.02μg·h-1,显示其中可被微生物利用的有机物急剧减少.     

离子膜辅助电催化氧化法预处理焦化废水的研究

焦化废水是属有毒有害、难降解的有机废水,常规的生物处理工艺对其去除效果不甚理想,从而导致出水中难降解污染物含量较高,COD和NH3-N不能达标。论文针对焦化废水的水质特点,采用离子膜电解技术进行预处理。对焦化废水中主要污染物苯酚降解效果的几种因素进行了研究,得出了苯酚降解的最佳工艺条件并在此工艺参数下,对模拟焦化废水电解2.5h,苯酚、COD的去除率分别为84%,45%,氨氮去除率和回收率别为99.5%和96.5%,总能耗27kwh/m3,可以为后续生化处理大大减轻负担,采用该方法作为焦化废水的预处理手段比较经济合理。     

碳纳米管修饰电极对焦化废水的降解性能研究

文章制备了多壁碳纳米管修饰电极(MWCNT-ME)并考察了其对焦化废水中难降解有机物的电催化性能.对MWCNTME的表面形貌、有机污染物吸附性能及苯胺和苯酚单项污染物电化学特性进行初步表征分析,在此基础上结合气质联用(GC/MS)检测和COD检测分析对比了MWCNT-ME与IrSnSb金属电极对焦化废水中难降解有机污染...     

焦化废水中难降解有机物的分析

本文采用色谱—质谱(GC/MS)联用仪分析了北京焦化厂焦化废水中的有机物组分,并结合活性污泥法处理试验,鉴别了该废水中难以生物降解的有机物。试验结果表明:北京焦化厂废水中主要的育机污染物为苯酚、甲酚、二甲酚、萘、喹啉及异喹啉,约占废水总有机碳含量的86%;北京焦化厂废水中难以生物降解的有机物主要为萘、甲萘、二甲萘、二联苯、喹啉、异喹啉、吡啶和甲基吡啶等。     

A1-A2-O生物法处理焦化废水

焦化废水属于高毒物质,其中的大部分多环芳烃都具有"三致作用"。为保护生态环境,焦化废水必须进行无害化处理。阐述了焦化废水的生物危害性及生态毒性效应,分析了处理焦化废水的A1-A2-O生物法,并分别对焦化废水中有机污染物的生物去除规律,难降解持久性有机污染物在生物污泥相中的吸附累积效应,焦化废水生物处理技术的生物学原理进行了归纳和总结。     

Fe/Cu-改性沸石预处理焦化废水动力学研究

研究了Fe/Cu双金属微电解和改性沸石联用预处理焦化废水的降解动力学和机理.结果表明,焦化废水COD的降解符合准一级反应.焦化废水中污染物去除的机理包括电化学氧化还原、吸附、絮凝等,其中电化学氧化还原起主要作用.GC/MS分析表明,原水含有机物35种,预处理有机物去除率为71.5％,氮杂环化合物去除率为68.5％,硫杂环化合物去除率为100％.出水利于生化降解.     

AnMBR-A-MBR和A2-MBR工艺处理焦化废水效果与急性毒性物质特征对比

焦化废水含高浓度难降解有机物,生物处理是应用最为广泛的方法.为探索并提高焦化废水生物处理的去除效果,采用实验室构建的厌氧膜生物反应器/缺氧/好氧膜生物反应器(An MBR-A-MBR)与厌氧/缺氧/好氧膜生物反应器(A~2-MBR)工艺处理实际焦化废水,对比了两套处理工艺在最佳工况下稳定运行对主要污染物的去除效果和对不同污染负荷的稳定性.采用固相萃取和组分分离、发光细菌Q67测试和三维荧光扫描等手段,对二者各级出水的急性毒性分布和变化以及毒性物质特征进行了研究.结果表明,An MBR的有机污染物去除率为15.3%,显著高于A~2-MBR系统的厌氧段(3.4%),An MBRA-MBR系统能够抵抗更高的污染负荷.An MBR-A-MBR系统各级出水的急性毒性均明显低于A~2-MBR系统,二者毒性当量总去除率分别为85.2%和79.2%.各级出水中极性组分的急性毒性最强,极性和弱极性组分贡献了绝大部分毒性当量.各级出水的急性毒性主要来自Ⅱ区芳香族蛋白类似物,且Ⅱ区芳香族蛋白类似物可能是极性组分中主要的急性毒性物质.     

好氧-厌氧污泥耦合白腐真菌单元对焦化废水的处理

白腐真菌因能分泌胞外木质素降解酶降解难降解有机污染物,而在难降解有机废水处理中具有巨大应用潜力.其研究常采用白腐真菌直接处理废水,很少关注常规生物法耦合白腐真菌的处理方式.基于此,分别采用白腐真菌和好氧-厌氧污泥耦合Phanerochaete Chrysosporium处理焦化废水以考察后者的可行性.在好氧-厌氧污泥耦合P.chrysosporium的处理中,仅采用3 d的处理时间,好氧-厌氧污泥可将6097 mg·L~(-1)的COD和351 mg·L~(-1)的氨氮分别降至1634~1684 mg·L~(-1)和102~117 mg·L~(-1);进而固定化P.chrysosporium将COD和氨氮再次分别降至1322~1372 mg·L~(-1)和16~62 mg·L~(-1).最终COD和氨氮的去除率分别达77%~78%和82%~95%,这表明:好氧-厌氧污泥耦合P.chrysosporium处理焦化废水可在更短的处理周期完成比直接采用白腐真菌处理更好的处理效果,此思路合理可行.     

Comparison between UV and VUV photolysis for the pre- and post-treatment of coking wastewater

In this study, ultraviolet (UV) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photolysis were investigated for the pre-treatment and post-treatment of coking wastewater. First, 6-fold diluted raw coking wastewater was irradiated by UV and VUV. It was found that 15.9%-35.4% total organic carbon (TOC) was removed after 24 hr irradiation. The irradiated effluent could be degraded by the acclimated activated sludge. Even though the VUV photolysis removed more chemical oxygen demand (COD) than UV, the UV-irradiated effluent demonstrated better biodegradability. After 4 hr UV irradiation, the biological oxygen demand BOD₅/COD ratio of irradiated coking wastewater increased from 0.163 to 0.224, and its toxicity decreased to the greatest extent. Second, the biologically treated coking wastewater was irradiated by UV and VUV. Both of them were able to remove 37%-47% TOC within 8 hr irradiation. Compared to UV, VUV photolysis could significantly improve the transparency of the bio-treated effluent. VUV also reduced 7% more ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N), 17% more nitrite nitrogen (NO₂^--N), and 18% more total nitrogen (TN) than UV, producing 35% less nitrite nitrogen (NO₃^--N) as a result. In conclusion, UV irradiation was better in improving the biodegradability of coking wastewater, while VUV was more effective at photolyzing the residual organic compounds and inorganic N-species in the bio-treated effluent.     

Comparison between UV and VUV photolysis for the pre- and post-treatment of coking wastewater

In this study, ultraviolet (UV) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photolysis were investigated for the pre-treatment and post-treatment of coking wastewater. First, 6-fold diluted raw coking wastewater was irradiated by UV and VUV. It was found that 15.9%–35.4% total organic carbon (TOC) was removed after 24 hr irradiation. The irradiated effluent could be degraded by the acclimated activated sludge. Even though the VUV photolysis removed more chemical oxygen demand (COD) than UV, the UV-irradiated effluent demonstrated better biodegradability. After 4 hr UV irradiation, the biological oxygen demand BOD₅/COD ratio of irradiated coking wastewater increased from 0.163 to 0.224, and its toxicity decreased to the greatest extent. Second, the biologically treated coking wastewater was irradiated by UV and VUV. Both of them were able to remove 37%–47% TOC within 8 hr irradiation. Compared to UV, VUV photolysis could significantly improve the transparency of the bio-treated effluent. VUV also reduced 7% more ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺–N), 17% more nitrite nitrogen (NO₂⁻–N), and 18% more total nitrogen (TN) than UV, producing 35% less nitrite nitrogen (NO₃⁻–N) as a result. In conclusion, UV irradiation was better in improving the biodegradability of coking wastewater, while VUV was more effective at photolyzing the residual organic compounds and inorganic N-species in the bio-treated effluent.     

海河流域主要污染物排放强度及其源结构解析——以2007年为例

以海河流域污染源普查数据为基础,通过污染物排放量、排放密度和排放行业结构分析,系统解析流域污染源结构.结果表明,流域废污水来源复杂,污染物排放空间差异显著,工业行业结构性污染突出.流域北部废污水排放以生活污水为主,南部以工业废水为主,COD排放以工业源为主.污染物排放空间格局上,COD排放主要集中在北三河、子牙河及徒骇马颊河水系;氨氮排放在子牙河水系高度集中;重金属、氰化物、挥发酚仅在局部区域集中排放.污染物行业结构上,造纸、食品和石化是COD主要排放行业,占排放总量75%;石化、食品和皮革是氨氮排放主要行业,占排放总量80%;重金属主要排放行业为石化、皮革和冶金.根据污染物排放强度分布和排放结构,子牙河水系是海河流域污染治理重点区域,造纸、食品和石化行业是污染负荷削减重点行业.     

高效生物强化技术处理焦化废水的中试研究

采用高效生物强化技术对焦化废水进行中试规模的处理研究。结果表明:处理系统的COD去除率可达到97%以上,氨氮和挥发酚的去除率分别达到97%和100%。出水水质满足GB13456-1992《钢铁工业水污染物排放标准》一级标准的要求。     

生物膜贴壁培养小球藻净化猪粪沼液废水的效果

微藻处理猪粪沼液废水是一项污水资源化生物技术.本文以小球藻为研究对象,通过贴壁培养方式,对稀释不同倍数的猪粪沼液废水进行净化处理同时提取藻细胞油脂,旨在探究小球藻贴壁培养处理猪粪沼液废水的效果,分析小球藻耐受猪粪沼液废水的氨氮浓度.将猪粪沼液废水分别稀释1倍(原水)、2倍、5倍、10倍制成培养基.测定贴壁培养小球藻对各处理组猪粪沼液废水中COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷的去除效率及对重金属铜、锌、铁的富集效果,同时探究小球藻的油脂合成情况.结果表明,当猪粪沼液废水稀释5倍时,贴壁小球藻对COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷的净化效果最佳,其去除效率分别为:86.8%、94.1%、85.2%、84.3%;油脂含量高达32.7%;对重金属铜、锌、铁的去除效率分别为:72.9%、70.0%、73.0%;培养一个周期结束时生物产率达到4.21 g·(m~2·d)~(-1).该研究将微藻与难处理的猪粪沼液废水深度净化进行了有效的结合,为实现藻类生物燃料工艺生产及降低废水处理成本提供理论基础.     

市政污泥接种焦化废水好氧降解能力及微生物群落演替的响应分析

焦化废水是毒性很大的典型工业废水,生物处理过程中需要微生物具备很强的适应能力.以探讨焦化废水对微生物的毒性抑制以及微生物对焦化废水的适应过程为目的,通过于焦化废水原水中接种市政污泥,在考察COD、苯酚、氨氮和硫氰化物等主要污染物指标降解的基础上,运用Illumina高通量测序平台分析降解过程微生物群落组成及多样性变化的响应关系.结果表明,接种了市政污泥的焦化废水培养16 h后COD开始下降,40 h时苯酚降解了97.14%,72 h时硫氰化物开始降解,96 h时硫氰化物浓度低于检测限,氨氮浓度随着硫氰化物的降解而升高.群落测序分析表明,不同培养阶段污泥中微生物表现出群落结构及丰度上的差异:在苯酚降解阶段,苯酚优势降解菌Acinetobacter、Pseudomonas的丰度增大,48 h总相对丰度为13.04%;在硫氰化物降解阶段,Sphingobacterium、Brevundimonas、Lysobacter、Chryseobacterium为主导菌属,96 h时其总相对丰度为16.13%;在144 h阶段,优势菌属则变为Fluviicola、Stenotrophomonas和Thiobacillus,总相对丰度为22.45%.由此认为,市政污泥克服了焦化废水中毒性成分的抑制作用之后能迅速适应环境,表现出微生物群落结构随着废水降解成分的变化而改变,环境因子和降解功能菌之间的竞争是群落结构演变的主要因素.     

Coking wastewater treatment for industrial reuse purpose：Combining biological processes with ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis

A full-scale plant using anaerobic, anoxic and oxic processes (A1/A2/O), along with a pilot-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) integrated system developed by Shanghai Baosteel Chemical Co. Ltd., was investigated to treat coking wastewater for industrial reuse over a period of one year. The removals reached 82.5% (COD), 89.6% (BOD), 99.8% (ammonium nitrogen), 99.9% (phenol), 44.6% (total cyanide (T-CN)), 99.7% (thiocyanide (SCN-)) and 8.9% (fluoride), during the A1/A2/O biological treatment stage, and all parameters were further reduced by over 96.0%, except for fluoride (86.4%), in the final discharge effluent from the currently operating plant. The pilot-scale MBR process reduced the turbidity to less than 0.65 NTU, and most of the toxic organic compounds were degraded or intercepted by the A1/A2/O followed MBR processes. In addition, parameters including COD, T-CN, total nitrogen, fluoride, chloride ion, hardness and conductivity were significantly reduced by the NF-RO system to a level suitable for industrial reuse, with a total water production ratio of 70.7%. However, the concentrates from the NF and RO units were highly polluted and should be disposed of properly or further treated before being discharged.     

气浮-A~2/O~2工艺处理焦化废水

以玉田县古玉煤焦化工有限公司焦化废水处理站工程为例,介绍气浮-A2/O2工艺处理高浓度焦化废水的运行效果及工艺参数。运行结果表明:气浮-A2/O2工艺对焦化废水具有理想的处理效果,当进水ρ(COD)<3 500 mg/L、ρ(酚)<700 mg/L、ρ(氰化物)<20 mg/L、ρ(NH3-N)<300 mg/L时,出水ρ(COD)<100 mg/L、ρ(酚)<0.5mg/L、ρ(氰化物)<0.5 mg/L、ρ(NH3-N)<15 mg/L,各项指标均达设计要求,满足熄焦工段的用水要求和排放标准。     

焦化废水中有机物在A1-A2-O生物膜系统中的降解机理研究

对焦化废水中有机物在A1 A2 O生物膜系统各段的降解进行了研究 .结果表明 ,废水中主要有机组份为苯酚类和含氮杂环类化合物 ,它们所占比例分别为 5 0 %和 4 0 % .经过厌氧酸化处理后 ,苯酚类中简单酚得到了较大程度的降解 ,随着苯酚甲基取代基数目的增加 ,降解率逐渐降低 ,对三甲酚则没有降解 ;简单的含氮杂环化合物如喹啉、异喹啉、吲哚、吡啶在厌氧过程中也得到了较大的降解 ,而有取代基的含氮杂环化合物则有所增加 ;喹啉和甲基喹啉的降解可生成羟基喹啉和甲基 2(1H)喹啉酮中间产物 .经过厌氧酸化段处理后 ,废水的BOD5 COD有较大提高 .厌氧出水的大部分有机物可在缺氧段得到降解 .最终出水中有机物基本上为大分子难降解物质 .