北山公婆泉斑岩型铜矿床地球化学特征研究

公婆泉铜矿是北山地区最大的铜矿床 ,也是我国西北地区一个非常重要的斑岩型铜矿床。矿体主要产在花岗闪长斑岩和英安斑岩体内。本文对含矿斑岩体、蚀变岩和铜矿石的主元素、稀土元素、微量元素、铅同位素和Sm Nd同位素地球化学特征进行了较为系统的综合分析研究 ,旨在查清含矿斑岩体的形成背景和成岩物质来源 ,以及含矿斑岩体与成矿之间的内在联系。研究结果表明 ,英安斑岩和花岗闪长斑岩体形成于岛弧环境 ,他们具有相同的成岩物质来源 ,是上地幔和下地壳物质混熔产物。花岗闪长斑岩和英安斑岩均具有较高的Cu背景值 ,可为后期Cu的富集提供充足的物质基础。铅和钕同位素数据表明 ,成矿物质以幔源为主 ,主要来自于含矿的斑岩体。     

宁蒗地区铜厂河铜矿控矿条件与热液成矿模式探讨

宁蒗地区铜厂河铜矿系喜山期隐伏斑岩体外接触带玄武岩系热液型铜矿床 ,其主要含矿、赋矿层位为上二叠统玄武岩组 (P2 β)与黑泥哨组 (P2h)玄武岩系 ,主干控矿构造为南北向断裂体系。矿区NWW向F1断裂为阻矿构造 ,铜矿化均产于其下盘 (南盘 ) ;NE向F2 、F3 断裂将本区分成三个不同矿化特征的矿段。通过对矿区铜矿的碳、氧、硫等稳定同位素和包裹体分析及成矿热液演化特征探讨 ,建立了铜厂河铜矿热液成矿模式     

安徽省黄山市桃溪地区发现强烈蚀变矿化的陡倾裂隙带

<正>热液矿床,尤其与岩浆侵人有关的热液矿床(含斑岩型矿床),均普遍发育大规模的裂隙和各种类型的矿脉(裂隙被成矿物质充填)。地表含矿裂隙的发育程度与深部矿化强度呈正相关,含矿裂隙是热液渗流的良好通道及矿质堆积的合适场所,高度裂隙化的地段为有利的成矿地段。     

消息

该书详述了江西九瑞地区城门山等铜矿床的矿床成矿地质条件、矿床地质地球化学特征、成因模式和成矿机理。认为该区铜矿床可分为两个成矿系列和三种成因类型,即与海底喷气活动有关的含铜黄铁矿型矿床和与浅成、超浅成侵人体有关的矽卡岩型及斑岩型矿床,并根据所建立的喷气沉积矿床成因模式和大比例尺岩相古地理填图,总结出新的找矿     

论扬子型铜矿床及其成因

扬子型铜矿系由三部分组成:①块状含铜黄铁矿层,②含铜的矽卡岩及磁铁矿以及接触交代带附近的交代成因铜铁矿脉,③侵入体及有关角砾岩筒中的细脉浸染矿化,后者在某些矿床如城门山被作为斑岩型铜矿。这三种类型铜矿床常被称为“三位一体”矿床,虽然第三种不一定每一场合均存在。     

江西九瑞地区铜金成矿的时空结构及演化

九瑞铜金多金属矿区是长江中下游成矿带的重要组成部分。近几年该区的深部铜金找矿工作取得重要进展,成矿研究从与斑岩有关的似层状矽卡岩型、斑岩型"三位一体"铜矿床模式进一步发展为铜钼叠合"多位一体"矿床模式。本区的成矿时空结构表现为:区域上受中石炭系黄龙组赋矿层位影响;垂深上存在多层分布结构,地表呈带状分带结构;成矿受"四带一面"制约。利用多种测年技术获得的九瑞矿集区内含矿岩浆岩锆石U-Pb年龄均介于140～146 Ma之间,成矿年龄在其稍后1～3 Ma。大规模成矿作用发生在中国东部由EW向构造向NE-NNE向构造彻底转换之际,形成于岩石圈大规模拆沉的构造背景。     

福建省上杭紫金山矿田铜金银矿床类型及对比

紫金山大型铜（金）矿床是我国大陆发现的首例高硫浅成低温热液型（石英—明矾石型）矿床。随着勘探工作的深入，在该矿床深部及边部相继发现了斑岩型铜（钼）矿、中低温热液型铜金矿和低硫浅成低温热液型（绢云母—冰长石型）银、金、铜矿。各类型矿床间的浅成热液系统连续过渡，这在世界上是具代表性的矿例。不仅具有重要的找矿意义；而且在陆相火山成矿方面有重要理论意义。     

江西钨矿床主要成因类型及找矿潜力分析

在江西省钨矿资源潜力评价工作的基础上,总结江西钨矿床的主要成因类型,主要有岩浆热液石英脉型、岩体型、斑岩型、矽卡岩型和云英岩型等钨矿床,分别论述各类型典型矿床的地质特征,分析各类型钨矿床找矿方向并预测其资源潜力。共圈定钨成矿远景区13处,运用含矿地质体体积法预测全省各类型钨矿资源潜力,分别为:岩浆热液石英脉型500万吨、岩体型200万吨、斑岩型约16万吨、矽卡岩型350万吨、云英岩型约50万吨。指出江西钨矿的找矿重点,一是赣北地区钨矿成矿规律研究,提出找矿模型;二是加强深部找矿理论研究,寻找隐伏矿床;三是深入其它类型钨矿(除石英脉型)研究,特别是最具找矿潜力的大湖塘式岩体——石英脉复合型钨矿和朱溪式矽卡岩型钨铜矿,可作为该区下一步找矿的主攻方向。     

日本的斑岩型铜矿床

<正> 斑岩铜矿床主要与在会聚板块边缘俯冲消亡带之上产生的磁铁矿系列的钙碱性岩浆作用有关。在这种构造位置中,斑岩铜矿可能形成于成层火山之下,而黑矿矿床则产于海底破火山口中。黑矿与斑岩矿化的关系,无疑是环太平洋中-新生代成矿作用的一个主要问题。在本文中,作者将回顾日本最主要的“斑岩铜矿床”,以便与世界上其他地区的典型例子进行对比。 北上-阿武隈带(白垩纪矿床) 赤金矿山:岩手县赤金矿的磁石山矿体是通过夕卡岩型铜矿床的地下勘探而发现的,它可能属斑岩型,因为黄铜矿和磁黄铁矿在石英斑岩(SiO_2 71—     

江西九瑞地区含铜黄铁矿型矿床的地质特征及成因

江西九瑞矿田为长江中下游铁铜成矿带的一个组成部分,是我国铜矿资源的主要基地之一。区内已知大型铜矿床二处(武山、城门山),中小型铜、多金属矿床若干处。多年来,本区在地质找矿和科学研究方面已取得了不少有价值的成果,对矿床的成因也提出了各种见解。但对产于上石炭统黄龙组下部的层状含铜黄铁矿型(块状硫化物型)矿床(如武山铜矿的北矿带、城门山铜矿的四矿带、洋鸡山金-多金属矿床,以及长江中下游其他地区的同类型矿床)的成因目前尚有争议。本文根据近年来在该区工作所获     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Effects of chitosan on growth of an aquatic plant (Hydrilla verticillata) in polluted waters with different chemical oxygen demands

Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, Hydrilla verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. venicillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD (980 mg/L) and decreased with low COD (63 mg/L), respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant cells from the control experiment (untreated with chitosan) were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water.     

Removal of cadmium using MnO2 loaded D301 resin

MnO2 loaded weak basic anion exchange resin D301 （Anion exchange resin, macroreticular weak basic styrene） as adsorbent has been prepared and applied to the removal of cadmium. The adsorption characteristics have been investigated with respect to effect of pH, equilibrium isotherms, removal kinetic data, and interference of the coexisting ions. The results indicated that the Cd^2＋ could be efficiently removed using MnO2 loaded D301 resin in the pH range of 3-8 from aqueous solutions with the co-existence of high concentration of alkali and alkaline-earth metals ions. The saturate adsorption capacity of the Cd^2＋ was 77.88 mg/g. The adsorption process followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. The equilibrium data obtained in this study accorded excellently with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.     

Effect of coagulation pretreatment on the fouling of ultrafiltration membrane

The purpose of this study is to understand the effect and mechanism of preventing membrane fouling, by coagulation pretreatment, in terms of fractional component and molecular weight of natural organic matter （NOM）. A relatively higher molecular weight （MW） of hydrophobic compounds was responsible for a rapid decline in the ultrafiltration flux. Coagulation could effectively remove the hydrophobic organics, resulting in the increase of flux. It was found that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds, which could remove inadequately by coagulation, was responsible for the slow declining flux. The fluxes in the filtration of coagulated water and supernatant water were compared and the results showed that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds remained in the supernatant water after coagulation could be rejected by a membrane, resulting in fouling. It was also found that the coagulated flocs could absorb neutral hydrophilic compounds effectively. Therefore, with the coagulated flocs formed on the membrane surface, the flux decline could be improved.     

Penetration analysis of elements and bioleaching treatment of spent refractory for recycling

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC23270 and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans TM-32 were used for bioleaching of spent refractories of aluminium and copper melting furnaces for their recycling.Firstly,penetration of elements into aluminium melting furnace refractory was investigated and it was found that up to 7 cm from surface was contaminated.Comparison on leaching efficiency by the strains ATCC23270 and TM-32 found that the strain ATCC23270 could treat larger amount of the refractories than the strain TM-32 could do.In the experiment of bioleaching of spent refractory aluminium melting furnace by the strain ATCC23270,high leaching efficiency were obtained on Al,Si,and Ca,and extremely low leaching performance was,however,shown on the rest of elements i.e.,Na,Mn,and Zn.Under the strain TM-32 use,relatively high leaching performance was recognized on Al,Si,Ca,Na,Mn,and Zn.In the experiment of bioleaching for spent refractory copper melting furnace,almost the same leaching trends were shown on Cu,Zn,Al,and Si under the strains ACTT23270 and TM-32 uses.     

Simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate by zeolite synthesized from coal fly ash as influenced by acid treatment

Zeolite synthesized from fly ash （ZFA） without modification is not efficient for the purification of NH4＋ and phosphate at low concentrations that occur in real effluents, despite the high potential removal capacity. To develop an effective technique to enhance the removal efficiency of ammonium and phosphate at low concentrations, ZFA was modified with acid treatment and the simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate in a wide range of concentration was investigated. It was seen that when compared with untreated ZFA, only the treatment by 0.01 mol/L of H2SO4 significantly improved the removal efficiency of ammonium at low initial concentrations. The behavior was well explained by the pH effect. Treatment by more concentrated H2SO4 led to the deterioration of the ZFA structure and a decrease in the cation exchange capacity. Treatment by 0.01 mol/L H2SO4 improved the removal efficiency of phosphate by ZFA at all initial P concentrations, while the treatment by concentrated H2SO4 （≥0.9 mol/L） resulted in a limited maximum phosphate immobilization capacity （PIC）. It was concluded that through a previous mild acid treatment （e.g. 0.01 mol/L of H2SO4）, ZFA can be used in the simultaneous removal of NH4＋ and P at low concentrations simulating real effluent.