垃圾填埋场对地下水污染的模拟研究

在对长春市某垃圾填埋场进行野外调查的基础上，于室内进行了垃圾淋滤模拟实验。分析了垃圾渗滤液污染组分的自然衰减规律，建立了垃圾填埋场地下水污染的数值模型，采用FEFLOW软件对其进行模拟和预报，并取得了较好的效果，最后提出防止和防治垃圾填埋场污染地下水的若干措施。     

垃圾填埋场对地下水污染的模拟研究

在对长春市某垃圾填埋场进行野外调查的基础上 ,于室内进行了垃圾淋滤模拟实验。分析了垃圾渗滤液污染组分的自然衰减规律 ,建立了垃圾填埋场地下水污染的数值模型 ,采用FEFLOW软件对其进行模拟和预报 ,并取得了较好的效果 ,最后提出防止和防治垃圾填埋场污染地下水的若干措施。     

上海市桃浦垃圾填埋场封场植被的重金属吸收和积累特征

城市垃圾填埋场的生态修复问题越来越受到重视，选择合适的封场植被对生态恢复至关重要。本研究对上海市桃浦垃圾填埋场的土壤和29种优势植物的重金属含量进行检测，结果显示，该填埋埋场土壤呈现Zn和Cd的中度复合污染。在研究的优势植物中，杨树、雪松和夹竹桃吸收Zn的能力较强，杨树、紫薇、金丝桃吸收Cd的能力较强。荆芥表现为重金属Zn的富集型植物；龙葵表现为重金属Cd的富集型植物；麦冬和狗尾巴草则表现为重金属的根部囤积型植物。可综合选择这些植物用于城市垃圾填埋场的植物修复和植被恢复。     

生活垃圾填埋场对地下水污染的风险评价——以北京北天堂垃圾填埋场为例

以国外生活垃圾填埋场对地下水污染的风险评价方法为基础,建立了综合考虑含水层脆弱性及生活垃圾填埋场自身性质的地下水污染风险评价方法,并以北京北天堂垃圾填埋场为例.评价了当地4个生活垃圾填埋场对地下水污染的风险级别.结果表明,生活垃圾填埋场对地下水污染的风险取决于场地规模、防护情况等自身相关参数以及场地所处位置的含水层脆弱...     

填埋场污染控制新标准下生物反应器填埋场的机遇与挑战

生物反应器填埋场是近20年发展起来的一种新型填埋方式,具有很多传统填埋场不具备的优点。《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB16889-2008)的发布,对填埋场的污染控制提出了更高的要求。该新标准中一些条款的变动,给生物反应器填埋场在中国的推广和应用提供了机遇和挑战。对此进行分析,以供生物反应器填埋场的选择、设计和运行管理作参考。     

城市生活垃圾卫生填埋场恶臭的防治技术进展

恶臭污染已成为垃圾处理和处置过程中的严重公害。在分析中，介绍了填埋场各区域恶臭的控制措施，综述了卫生填埋场恶臭的常规防治技术，重点讨论了生物技术在填埋场脱臭中的应用，这些防治技术对各类环境卫生设施，如垃圾收集站、中转站、焚烧场、堆肥厂及粪便处理厂的臭气治理均有借鉴意义。     

基于层次分析法的坦塘垃圾填埋场适宜性评价

垃圾填埋场场址的适宜性评价是生活垃圾填埋场建设和运营的前提和基础。以湖南省永州市坦塘垃圾填埋场为例,在分析研究区的地质与水文地质条件的基础上,确定了填埋场适宜性的影响因素为填埋场规模、运输条件、环境条件、建场条件和地质条件,具体包括填埋场面积及容量、综合路况条件、对地表水体污染的可能性、地形平坦程度以及场地是否处在岩溶区等条件,明确了局部地区岩溶发育是制约其适宜性的主要因素。结合垃圾填埋场的建设情况和相关规范、标准,采用层次分析法对坦塘垃圾填埋场进行适宜性评价。评价结果表明,坦塘垃圾填埋场是一个适宜场地,评价结果与实际情况相符。     

原位回灌对垃圾填埋场稳定化进程影响的实验研究

针对填埋法处理城市生活垃圾造成的土地占用和水资源污染等系列环境问题,通过在实验室搭建的模拟城市生活垃圾填埋场实验台,系统研究了淋滤介质、淋滤量和淋滤频率等条件对生活垃圾填埋场稳定化进程的影响。结果表明:采用垃圾渗滤液原液淋滤、淋滤频率为3次/d、淋滤总量为10L时,垃圾填埋场初期稳定化进程最快;在此条件下,垃圾渗滤液中污染物COD、氨氮和TP出现负增长对应的时间分别为17、29、18d。研究结果对进一步开展垃圾渗滤液深度处理和工程应用等相关研究具有重要的指导意义。     

基于文献计量的垃圾填埋场污染物研究现状与趋势分析

基于Web of Science核心合集数据库，利用VOSviewer和CiteSpace软件，对2000—2020年有关垃圾填埋场污染物的文献进行了计量分析。结果表明：(1)2000—2020年，垃圾填埋场污染物领域的发文量总体呈逐年增加态势，2015年后中国的发文量直线上升；(2)中国的机构虽然发文量多，但均篇被引频次不是很高，影响力还有待进一步提升；(3)垃圾填埋场污染物研究的热点包括城市固体废弃物及其处置过程，垃圾渗滤液或污废水中有机污染物的去除、降解，垃圾填埋场周边地表水和地下水中污染物的环境行为，无机污染物氮元素的去除，垃圾填埋场中新污染物的环境行为和去除5大类；(4)垃圾填埋场污染物主要分为重金属和有机污染物两大类，其中重金属在不同环境介质中出现的频次高于有机污染物，填埋气等气态污染物造成的环境问题也不容忽视。     

城市垃圾卫生填埋场废气产生量及主要污染因子的确定

城市生活垃圾以其特有的分散、巨量、恶臭、肮脏等特性,使环境污染问题显得更加突出、复杂,因此建造垃圾填埋场势在必行。本文以城市垃圾卫生填埋场址的环境影响评价为基础,对垃圾填埋场恶臭气体产生量及其影响强度进行科学的分析与探讨,为垃圾场废气的治理及环境管理提供科学依据。1　垃圾卫生填埋废气产生量分析1.1　废气污染物的产生及特征根据有关实验及文献资料〔1,2〕,填埋场中废气大致由50%～60%的CH4,40%～50%的CO2和一定量的NH3、N2、H2S等物质组成。填埋场产生的废气成份应根据生产过程来确定,在填埋初期两周内氮、氧的含量比…     

Influence of landfill factors on plants and soil fauna-an ecological perspective

An ecological study was conducted on two landfill sites in Hong Kong. Both sites were contaminated by landfill gas and leachate, as indicated by the high concentrations of CH(4) and CO(2) and the presence of high concentration of NH(4)-N in the cover soil layer. Their plant diversity and performance, as well as the soil and litter animals, were compared with three derelict sites as references. The landfill sites had higher plant coverage and plant diversity, and higher densities of soil and litter animals than the reference sites. Similarly, the microbial activities at the landfill sites were higher than those at reference sites. The results showed that the landfill sites possessed an effective food web, starting from microbes to macroinvertebrates. Woodland establishment seems feasible at these landfill sites, and natural succession appears to take place at a higher rate at these landfill sites when compared with the reference sites.     

砒霜生产化工厂危险废物处置工程设计

通过对砒霜生产化工厂原场址废渣及污染场地调查的基础上，进行了处置方案比选及技术经济比较，确定了就地安全填埋的处置方案。根据区域性危险废物集中安全填埋场的设计经验，本工程采用先进的HDPE双层防渗的安全填埋方式，并设置了雨水分流系统、渗滤液收集系统、封场处理和填埋气体导排系统，整个场区布置合理，对周围环境的影响小，投资少，取得了良好的社会效益和环境效益，并对危险废物处理处置工程设计中应注意的问题提出了建议。     

Monitoring of atmospheric reduced sulfur compounds and their oxidation in two coastal landfill areas

In this study, the distribution characteristics of reduced sulfur compounds (RSCs) in ambient air were investigated in two coastal landfill (LF) facilities and their surrounding areas. The photochemical conversion of RSCs to sulfur dioxide (SO₂) was also evaluated using a photochemical box model (PCBM). Measurements of RSCs were carried out from both in and around areas of two coastal LFs in Gunsan (G) and Donghae (D) city, Korea during several field campaigns (May through December 2004). The dominant RSCs at the Gunsan landfill (G-LF) were found to be DMS and H₂S, whereas those at the Donghae landfill (D-LF) were H₂S and DMDS. The concentrations of DMS at these study sites were likely to be affected not only by LF processes but also by an oceanic source, while such a pattern was more prominent at the D-LF. The chemical species of RSCs that can exert significant influences on the photochemical production of SO₂ in the LF environment were identified to be H₂S, DMS, or DMDS.     

三峡库区垃圾污染现状及治理技术

如何搞好三峡库区的生态环境保护已成为全世界关注的课题，介绍了库区生活垃圾污染现状，并根据库区生活垃圾的特性及当地的经济发展和自然条件，对三峡库区生活垃圾的综合治理进行了系统研究，建议三峡库区垃圾实行分类收集，系统地将城区生活垃圾的管理、收集、运输和处理等各个环节有机结合起来，逐步建立起高效完善的现代化城市生活垃圾管理体系。重点介绍了准好氧垃圾卫生填埋技术和CBS（Cental Bilolgical System）城市生活垃圾高效菌种堆肥技术，秭归、巴东等烧煤区生活垃圾含无机物成分较高，建议选用准好氧填埋技术；涪陵、开县、忠县等燃气区生活垃圾有机物成分较高，已具备一定的资源化价值，高效菌种CBS堆肥技术在燃气区具有广阔的前景。     

冬季垃圾填埋场渗滤液回灌水量平衡的实验研究

渗滤液回灌的水量平衡是垃圾填埋场渗滤液回灌处理法工程应用的关键问题之一。着重研究了冬季渗滤水回灌的水量平衡状况。结果表明,冬季回灌水量仍可通过土壤蒸发得到大量削减,径流量、土壤渗出 水与下渗水的比值大于春夏秋三季,平均蒸发量小于些三季。回灌条件下,土壤湿润度提高,蒸发量增大。     

Risk assessment and investigation of landfill leachate as a source of emerging organic contaminants to the surrounding environment: a case study of the largest landfill in Jinan City,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) have been widely studied in landfill leachates but not in the surrounding environment of landfills. In this...     

用聚硅酸铁铝对垃圾渗沥液进行预处理的研究

采用一种新型高效的无机高分子混凝剂——聚硅酸铁铝(PSAF)用于垃圾渗沥液亚滤装置的预处理。结果表明，在PSAF的投加量为150mg/L，pH为5．0和沉降时间为60min的条件下，混凝效果最佳，浊度去除率可达92％左右，色废去除率可达91％左右，CODcr去除率可达70％左右。同时探讨了该混凝剂处理垃圾渗沥液的反应机理。     

Air Pollution Directional Risk Assessment for Siting a Landfill

Abstract

Air pollution directional risk (APDR) is an essential factor to be assessed when selecting an appropriate landfill site. Because air pollutants generated from a landfill are diffused and transported by wind in different directions and speeds, areas surrounding the landfill will be subject to different associated risks, depending on their relative position from the landfill. This study assesses potential APDRs imposed from a candidate landfill site on its adjacent areas on the basis of the pollutant distribution simulated by a dispersion model, wind directions and speeds from meteorological monitoring data, and population density. A pollutant distribution map layer was created using a geographic information system and layered onto a population density map to obtain an APDR map layer. The risk map layer was then used in this study to evaluate the suitability of a candidate site for placing a landfill. The efficacy of the proposed procedure was demonstrated for a siting problem in central Taiwan, Republic of China.     

A methodology to estimate odors around landfill sites: the use of methane as an odor index and its utility in landfill siting

The estimation of odor production and dispersion from landfill sites is a very complicated task because of the different chemical species that exist in biogas. To site a new landfill, it is necessary to know the distance that odors can travel around the landfill under atmospheric conditions that increase the concentration of pollutants. Although CH4 is an odorless gas, it can be used as an index to determine the dispersion of low-reactivity odorous species around a landfill site. Methane production rates, estimated by biogas production models, were used by an air dispersion model to determine the spatial distribution of CH4 around landfill sites. By utilizing dispersion models under extreme atmospheric conditions, a maximum CH4 concentration around the landfills was determined. Based on the ratio between CH4 and odorous chemical species, the spatial distribution of the concentration of an odorous species was determined for those species with low reactivity in the atmosphere. For odorous species with high reactivity in the atmosphere, a dispersion-reaction model must be used. In this way, the acceptable distance between new landfills and residential areas can be determined. The proposed methodology could be used as a design tool for those who are interested in landfill siting.     

Long-term passive restoration following fluvial deposition of sulphidic copper tailings: nature filters out the solutions

Despite the growing popularity of ecological restoration approach, data on primary succession on toxic post-mining substrates, under site environmental conditions which considerably differ from the surrounding environment, are still scarce. Here, we studied the spontaneous vegetation development on an unusual locality created by long-term and large-scale fluvial deposition of sulphidic tailings from a copper mine in a pronouncedly xerothermic, calcareous surrounding. We performed multivariate analyses of soil samples (20 physical and chemical parameters) and vegetation samples (floristic and structural parameters in three types of occurring forests), collected along the pollution gradients throughout the affected floodplain. The nature can cope with two types of imposed constraints: (a) excessive Cu concentrations and (b) very low pH, combined with nutrient deficiency. The former will still allow convergence to the original vegetation, while the latter will result in novel, depauperate assemblages of species typical for cooler and moister climate. Our results for the first time demonstrate that with the increasing severity of environmental filtering, the relative importance of the surrounding vegetation for primary succession strongly decreases.