农村环境综合整治方案实例

以四王村为例，介绍了农村环境综合整治的规划和方案设计，提出了环境综合整治的总体目标，并具体制定了水环境治理规划、生活垃圾治理规划、农业生产废弃物及人畜粪便处理综合利用规划、农业面源污染防治规划、村容村貌综合整治规划和生态发展规划，对农村环境综合整治具有较强的指导性。     

浙江省建德三都生态村建设研究项目通过鉴定

三都镇位于兰江、新安江、富春江三江交汇处。首批参与试点的有四个村,总面积达12.3平方公里,具有江南丘陵山区典型特征。试点研究综合考虑人口、资源、能源、经济和环境,以农村生态环境的综合整治为主导,统一规划、分村实施,实行山、水、田、林、路综合整治和水体、农田、庭院、缓坡、高山五个层次的立体开发,正确引导乡镇企业发展,重视群众生态教育和技术培训,促进了经济与生产环境的协调发展。经过三     

基于模糊综合评价的流域社会经济活动对太湖生态影响评价研究

太湖是我国的五大淡水湖之一。太湖流域是我国经济最发达、水污染最严重的地区之一，正面临着严重的环境问题。随着太湖流域社会经济的发展，太湖流域生态环境将承受更大的压力。因此，分析人类社会经济活动对太湖流域生态的影响，对研究太湖生态环境具有重要意义。采用系统分析的方法，围绕流域人类社会经济活动对湖泊生态安全的影响，建立湖泊生态安全的评价指标体系，利用层次分析法计算各指标因子的权重。在此基础上，以太湖流域2005年和2006年相关数据为依据，以MATLAB为工具，根据模糊数学的原理，利用多级模糊综合评价的方法对太湖进行生态综合评价，确定流域社会经济活动对整个湖泊生态系统的影响。研究结果表明，3个重要指数得分高低顺序依次为：水体环境状态指数＞水体污染负荷指数＞社会经济压力指数;除了点源污染以外，面源污染也是太湖流域生态环境问题的重要根源。     

浙江省慈溪农村环境综合整治示范工程评述

在农业和农村现代化进程中 ,按可持续发展的要求 ,促进农村环境生态化 ,深化环境综合整治 ,推动农村环保工作 ,提高人民的生活质量是各级政府有关部门的一项义不容辞的责任。遏制农村生活、生态环境恶化的趋势 ,加大环境综合整治的力度 ,努力创造洁美家园 ,是全社会共同的要求。然而一些农村环境脏、乱、差 ,垃圾乱倒乱堆乱烧 ,河道水质污染等问题十分突出。这些环境问题造成群众生活质量下降 ,阻碍可持续发展 ,与农村现代化建设极不相称。慈溪市从形象工程入手 ,依靠社会力量 ,开展环境综合整治 ,在短期内取得了一定成绩 ,为浙江省如何搞好…     

嘉兴市城市环境综合整治规划研究通过鉴定

正值确定“九五”计划和2010年远景目标之际,嘉兴市城市综合整治规划研究于1996年3月20日顺利通过评审。 嘉兴是国务院批准的首批对外开放的14个城市之一。随着嘉兴经济的快速发展,环境受到污染,生态受到影响,尤其是水环境的恶化已成为制约经济、社会发展的因素。嘉兴市环保局及时联合华东师范大学进行了环境综合整治规划研究,在对环境各要素现状评价和历史回顾的基础上,详细地分析了嘉兴的主要环境问题,预测了发展趋势,并提出了具体的综合整治措施,建立了GIS环境信息系统,为政府制订经济发展、城市建设和环境建设计划提供了决策依据。研究内容丰富,     

龚帕兹曲线模型在城市环境综合整治规划指标分析预测中的应用

城市环境综合整治规划是城市环境综合整治的指南。在制定城市环境综合整治规划之前必须对城市的社会、经济、自然环境和城市环境质量等的实际情况进行调查研究、分析、评价,并确定“城市环境承载力”后,方可进行科学地预测。预测的方法可分为两大类,一类是依靠调查研究,经验判断的方法;另一类是依据统计资料建立数学模型的方法。本文依据历年的统计资料用龚帕兹曲线模型来分析、预测城市环境综合整治规划指标。     

适应经济体制改革形势 努力搞好环境综合整治

杭州是全国重点风景旅游城市,又是全国重点环境保护城市。要把杭州建设成为我国东南部的旅游中心和国际上第一流的风景旅游城市,作为市政府的一个职能部门,如何根据城市性质搞好环境综合整治,这是杭州市环保局面临的一个重要课题。近几年来,特别是一九八五年以来,杭州市环保局主要抓了以下几项工作:一、结合经济体制改革,明确综合整治职责学习中央《关于经济体制改革的决定》和《中共中央关于“七·五”计划的建议》后,使我们明确城市是我国环境保护工作的重点,城市的环境保护工作要在市政府的统一领导下,     

我国环境生态系统演变趋势

本文在对气候变化与环境生态系统现状进行了广泛调查的基础上，结合国内学者的研究，对近五年我国环境生态系统的演变趋势作了系统的回顾，并提出了保护我国生态系统的对策。     

论县域环境规划的原则与内容

根据生态理论的要求，从经济发展战略、资源开发利用、环境综合整治等方面论述了县域环境规划编制的原则，并提出环境污染综合整治规划、县域生态规划及规划的实施支持与保证。     

试论城市发展与环境问题

城市是一个国家或地区政治、经济和文化活动的中心.随着经济的发展,特别是工业的发展,使资源和能源在城市地区集中或转换,同时产生大量废物.由此改变了原来的自然生态平衡,形成了城市特有的生态系统,加重了环境污染,直接影响和危害人民的生产和生活.因此,城市环境问题是当代一切国家面临的重大问题之一.各国城市环境问题既有共同性,又有特殊性.如何根据我国国情,借鉴外国的经验,探讨我国城市环境保护的途径是极待认真研究的课题. 城市环境问题主要是大气和水环境的污     

生态区划的原则及其特征

由于社会经济的发展和人口的急剧增加,使得全球和区域性的生态环境问题日益尖锐,从而严重地阻碍了经济的进一步发展。如何协调发展与环境保护之间的矛盾,维护区域经济的可持续发展,是当前亟待解决的问题。这就要求对区域生态环境问题的形成机制及其演变规律进行细致地研究,进而划分不同的区域,提出生态环境的整治方案,这正是生态区划的研究内容。本文对生态区划的目的、原则和依据、划分的指标体系、生态区划的要素及特征进行了详细的论述,同时指出在我国经济发展的今天进行生态区划的必要性和迫切性。     

湿地环境保护的思考

简述了中国湿地的现状，介绍了湿地的生态功能、经济功能和社会功能，进而指出了当前中国对湿地环境保护方面存在的众多问题。当前，中国的湿地生态环境受到了越来越严重的威胁，保护好湿地生态环境，实现人与自然的和谐相处。是关系到人类自身可持续发展的大事。     

我国环境技术产业化的现状与发展对策

本文通过对环境技术产业化特点的分析,结合当前我国环境技术产业化的现状指出了目前我国环境技术产业化过程中存在的主要问题及原因,并针对这些问题探讨了相应的发展对策。     

Characterizing the risk assessment of heavy metals and sampling uncertainty analysis in paddy field by geostatistics and GIS

For many practical problems in environmental management, information about soil heavy metals, relative to threshold values that may be of practical importance is needed at unsampled sites. The Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou (HJH) Plain has always been one of the most important rice production areas in Zhejiang province, China, and the soil heavy metal concentration is directly related to the crop quality and ultimately the health of people. Four hundred and fifty soil samples were selected in topsoil in HJH Plain to characterize the spatial variability of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr and Cd. Ordinary kriging and lognormal kriging were carried out to map the spatial patterns of heavy metals and disjunctive kriging was used to quantify the probability of heavy metal concentrations higher than their guide value. Cokriging method was used to minimize the sampling density for Cu, Zn and Cr. The results of this study could give insight into risk assessment of environmental pollution and decision-making for agriculture.     

城市园林植物生态功能及其评价与优化研究进展

城市当前面临着越来越严重的环境问题.园林植物因其碳氧平衡、蒸腾吸热、吸污滞尘、减菌减噪、涵养水源、土壤活化和养分循环、维持生物多样性、景观功能、防灾减灾等生态功能在缓解城市环境压力方面起着至关重要的作用.为了使城市园林植物生态功能最大限度地发挥和城市生态环境得到较大改观,综述了国内外在城市园林植物生态功能及其评价与优化等方面的最新研究成果,分析研究中存在的不足之处.     

Greening China Naturally

China leads the world in afforestation, and is one of the few countries whose forested area is increasing. However, this massive "greening" effort has been less effective than expected; afforestation has sometimes produced unintended environmental, ecological, and socioeconomic consequences, and has failed to achieve the desired ecological benefits. Where afforestation has succeeded, the approach was tailored to local environmental conditions. Using the right plant species or species composition for the site and considering alternatives such as grassland restoration have been important success factors. To expand this success, government policy should shift from a forest-based approach to a results-based approach. In addition, long-term monitoring must be implemented to provide the data needed to develop a cost-effective, scientifically informed restoration policy.     

产品生态设计的理论与方法

产品生态设计是一种新的设计理念，其以产品环境特性为目标，以生命周期评价为工具，综合考虑产品整个生命期相关的生态环境问题，设计出对环境友好的，又能满足人的需求的新产品。设计方法和步骤包括四个阶段：产品生态辨识，产品生态诊断，产品生态定义，生态产品评价。     

Knowledge domain and emerging trends of carbon footprint in the field of climate change and energy use: a bibliometric analysis

Carbon footprint (CF) research has attained tremendous popularity for improving the climate environment purposes. In particular, current energy use has been identified as the main cause of climate change. CF plays an irreplaceable role in managing energy use, reducing gas emissions, and improving climate change. The objective of this study was to review studies that have developed CF and to perform a bibliometric analysis using two key terms: “climate change” and “energy use”. From bibliometric analysis using CiteSpace and VOSviewer, it was possible to establish a knowledge map of cooperative network structure and research evolution. We are aiming to reveal the main logical chain of CF research leading to climate change, to make up for the lack of current literature, and provide research inspiration for researchers. The research findings mainly focus on four aspects. First, the relevant research began in 2008 and is in a state of continuous rise. Second, due to the law of research development and the prominence of practical problems, related research has experienced a stage from conceptual methods to specific problems. Third, China and the USA assume an important role in which international cooperation is the overall trend. Fourth, related research can be divided into CF algorithm research, ecological environment management research, and specific cross-industry fields. In addition, possible opportunities for change in related research are explored. It is also suggested that the integration of CF with other footprints, when energy use and environmental change are fully considered, may become an important future research trend by providing a more comprehensive environmental impact.

     

Ecological literacy and beyond: Problem-based learning for future professionals

Ecological science contributes to solving a broad range of environmental problems. However, lack of ecological literacy in practice often limits application of this knowledge. In this paper, we highlight a critical but often overlooked demand on ecological literacy: to enable professionals of various careers to apply scientific knowledge when faced with environmental problems. Current university courses on ecology often fail to persuade students that ecological science provides important tools for environmental problem solving. We propose problem-based learning to improve the understanding of ecological science and its usefulness for real-world environmental issues that professionals in careers as diverse as engineering, public health, architecture, social sciences, or management will address. Courses should set clear learning objectives for cognitive skills they expect students to acquire. Thus, professionals in different fields will be enabled to improve environmental decision-making processes and to participate effectively in multidisciplinary work groups charged with tackling environmental issues.     

环境中的邻苯二甲酸酯

本文较为系统地评述了邻苯二甲酸酯的环境行为、生态效应、环境归趋、数学模型和处理技术。指出邻苯二甲酸酯是生产量大和应用面广的人工合成有机化学品,是目前世界上全球性的一类环境有机污染物。这类化合物的低水溶度和低挥发性导致了它们的高吸附亲和性,从而使得该类化合物在固体颗粒物表面的行为对于研究它们在环境中各种过程具有十分重要的作用。