活性污泥法污水处理过程自动控制的研究现状

活性污泥法污水处理是利用自然界中微生物的生命活动来清除污水中有机污染物的一种有效方法 ,是当前世界上处理工业有机污水和城市生活污水的主要途径。本文综述了污水处理过程中自动控制所面临的困难、研究现状以及发展方向 ,分析了目前国内外污水处理过程自动化水平落后而仍采用人工控制的原因 ,阐述了污水处理过程的传统控制策略和智能控制策略 ,并指出智能控制作为污水生化处理过程控制的未来发展方向 ,可以大大提高系统的可靠性和稳定性、降低运行成本     

污水输送和污水处理过程中CH4产生与排放特征及影响因素研究进展

污水输送和污水处理过程中会有大量的CH4温室气体产生和排放。总结了污水厌氧生化处理过程中CH4产生的机制,列举了产甲烷菌的种类。同时,分析了在污水生化处理各单元CH4产生与排放的影响因素:污水处理过程中,DO、pH、温度、污泥负荷、硝酸盐浓度和亚硝酸盐浓度等因素会影响CH4的产生。在污水处理过程中的厌氧段,CH4的排放主要是与CH4产生量及CH4在污水中的溶解度有关;在好氧段,CH4的排放与机械搅拌或曝气作用对水流的扰动有关。     

循环经济理念下的城市污水处理浅析

随着城市化和现代化进程的推进，污水回用处理技术问题困扰着城市的可持续发展，并影响着水资源的再生回用和可持续发展。文中以循环经济思想理念为基础，叙述了中国水环境的现状、国内外污水资源的研究进展、循环经济的含义以及在循环经济观念下的污水处理新思路，探求了城市污水处理的重要性，以变废水负价值的被动处理，转变为盈价值的资源化与经济化利用，形成新的经济增长点，实现环境效益、经济效益和社会效益的高度统一，真正实现可持续发展。     

泥区废液回流对污水处理系统出水水质特性的影响

研究了泥区废液回流对污水处理系统出水水质特性的影响，为污水再生与安全回用提供参考。通过模拟泥区废液回流SBR污水处理系统，分别对不同回流比出水的COD、UV2254、表观分子量分布以及三维荧光光谱特性进行检测分析。研究显示：虽然泥区废液回流污水处理系统一般不会引起处理系统出水COD的显著变化，但出水残留有机物的芳香性和...     

活性污染法污水处理过程自动控制的研究现状

活性污泥法污水处理是利用自然界中微生物的生命活动来清除污水中有机污染物的一种有效方法，是当前世界上处理工业有机污水和城市生活的主要途径。本文综述了污水处理过程自动控制所面临的困难，研究现状以及发展方向，分析了目前国内外污水处理过程自动化水平落后而仍采用人工控制的原因，阐述了污水处理过程的传统控制策略和智能控制策略，并指出智能控制作为污水生化处理过程控制的未来发展方向，可以大大提高系统的可靠性和稳定性，降低运行成本。     

城镇污水处理厂用地、运行及建设费用研究

汇总收集了国内已建城镇污水处理厂的大量资料,分析探讨了污水处理厂厂区占地面积、运行及建设费用与处理规模之间的关系,为今后污水处理厂的设计规划、工艺选择、建设费用分析等提供参考依据。研究表明污水处理厂厂区占地面积与处理规模可用函数表示,且具有较高的相关性。城镇污水处理厂所选用的工艺和处理规模对其运行成本有较大的影响,分别对大中小规模的污水处理厂在不同工艺下的运行成本进行分析,得出大规模污水处理厂的工艺选择对其运行成本影响不大;中规模污水处理厂易采用氧化沟工艺;小规模的污水处理厂适合采用SBR工艺。建设费用与污水处理规模有密切关系,由于建设费用受多种因素影响,又以江浙地区为例,对其建设费用与污水处理规模之间关系进行具体分析,对以上结论给予一定的补充。     

两阶段曝气生物滤池的硝化性能

曝气生物滤池(BAF)是近年来受到广泛关注的一种新型污水处理技术,具有占地面积少、投资费用低、处理效率高、出水水质好等优点。现已被应用于许多污水处理厂的二级处理、深度处理以及污水的回用。实验以陶粒为填料,自行设计了升流式两阶段BAFs(UBAFs)处理模拟生活污水,考察了反应器运行条件对COD与氨氮去除影响,并探讨了UBAFs反应器内氮流失及同步硝化反硝化情况。结果表明,UBAFs对生活污水处理具有良好的净化效果。在进水COD和氨氮浓度分别为200~363 mg/L和16.8~31.3 mg/L条件下,UBAFs处理出水水质均达到《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质》(GB/T 18920-2002)标准,能够满足回用要求。通过采用氮平衡分析方法和借助电子扫描电镜技术,初步认为UBAFs反应器脱氮方式是由于在UBAFs第一阶段局部厌氧环境中以传统方式进行硝化反硝化脱氮,第二阶段是在好氧条件下,异养好氧硝化菌的同步硝化反硝化脱氮。     

滕州市污水资源化合理开发利用研究

简要介绍了山东省滕州市的水资源现状,指出了在水资源利用过程中面临的一系列问题,针对近年来水污染与水环境容量的矛盾,提出滕州市水污染控制的基本途径及其污水再生利用方案,即污水处理与人工湿地相结合,改变农业灌溉方式,建设中水回用工程。     

连锁控制的A~2/O-MBR工艺处理石化社区生活污水

采用连锁控制的A2/O-MBR工艺处理石化社区低浓度的生活污水并回用,处理规模520 m3/h。工程运行监测结果表明,该工艺对低浓度生活污水处理效果良好,出水水质达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)的一级B标准和《污水再生利用工程设计规范》(GB50335-2002)标准要求。通过连锁控制,系统运行稳定,具有较强的耐冲击负荷能力,实现了污水处理厂正常运行。     

中国城市污水处理厂污泥处理、处置问题探讨分析

明确了有关污泥处理、处置的术语和定义,通过对我国污水处理厂污水处理工艺与污泥处理、处置现状的调查分析,认为污水处理工艺与污泥处理和最终处置方式有关;同时对污水处理厂污泥处理、处置中土地利用问题和处理、处置费用问题进行探讨,并提出了相关建议.     

城市污水处理环境效益量化分析

运用生命周期评价（LCA）方法对西安市北石桥污水净化中心污水处理工艺从其原材料开采和加工开始直到污水厂施工建设、处理运行以及废弃拆除的生命周期全过程资源消耗、能耗和环境影响进行了识别和量化分析，同时结合一维水质稀释模型，提出污水处理环境效益估算模型。采用最大污染权重因子对模型进行计算，结果表明，采用深度处理比常规二级处理多产生1 708.52×10⁹kJ的环境正效益。     

Tracing the influence of sewage nitrogen in a coastal ecosystem using stable nitrogen isotopes

This paper reviews the use of stable nitrogen isotopes (delta15N) to delineate the influence of sewage nitrogen (N) in coastal ecosystems, drawing extensively on the case of Himmerfj?rden, a Baltic Sea bay that receives 15N-enriched tertiary treated sewage that is discharged mainly as dissolved inorganic N (DIN). Gradients of delta15N in macroalgae (Fucus vesiculosus) and surface sediments traced sewage-derived N to 24 km from the outfall but elevated delta15N values (> 7 per thousand) indicated that the sewage influence was most pronounced within 10 km. Comparison of macroalgal delta15N values before and after enhanced tertiary treatment showed a decrease in the spatial impact of sewage N from about 24 km to 12 km from the outfall and a decrease to more marine delta15N values in more recent growth tissues. Sedimentary delta15N records showed that sewage has had a dominant influence on organic matter production in the bay with dramatic increases in sedimentary delta15N during the years of maximum sewage N loads. In cases where sewage N introduces a distinct isotopic signature into a system and where it has had a dominant influence on organic matter production, delta15N values in biota and sediments can be used to trace the spatial and temporal influence of sewage N in aquatic ecosystems.     

Socioeconomic constraints on the technological choices in rural sewage treatment

Technological innovation is one of the potential engines to mitigate environmental pollution. However, the implementation of new technologies sometimes fails owing to socioeconomic constraints from different stakeholders. Thus, it is essential to analyze constraints of environmental technologies in order to build a pathway for their implementation. In this study, taking three technologies on rural sewage treatment in Hangzhou, China as a case study, i.e., wastewater treatment plant (WTP), constructed wetland (CW), and biogas system, we analyzed how socioeconomic constraints affect the technological choices. Results showed that socioeconomic constraints play a key role through changing the relative opportunity cost of inputs from government as compared to that of residents to deliver the public good—sewage treatment—under different economic levels. Economic level determines the technological choice, and the preferred sewage treatment technologies change from biogas system to CW and further to WTP along with the increase of economic level. Mismatch of technological choice and economic level results in failures of rural sewage treatment, e.g., the CW only work well in moderately developed regions in Hangzhou. This finding expands the environmental Kuznets law by introducing the coproduction theory into analysis (i.e., inputs from both government and residents are essential for the delivery of public goods and services such as good environmental quality). A match between technology and socioeconomic conditions is essential to the environmental governance.

     

常州市城镇污水处理发展、挑战与对策

常州市人口高度密集,经济较发达,且处于太湖流域上游,污水处理有其社会经济基础以及环境形势需求,发展进程一直处于江苏省前列。文中阐述了常州市城镇污水处理产业的发展历程,提出了存在的问题及面临的挑战,并给出了相应的对策,为其他区域污水处理的发展提供借鉴。     

Factors impacting on pharmaceutical leaching following sewage application to land

Sewage effluent application to land is a treatment technology that requires appropriate consideration of various design factors. Soil type, level of sewage pre-treatment and irrigation rate were assessed for their influence on the success of soil treatment in removing pharmaceuticals remaining after conventional sewage treatment. A large scale experimental site was built to assess treatment performance in a realistic environment. Of the factors investigated, soil type had the biggest impact on treatment performance. In particular, carbamazepine was very efficiently removed (>99%) when irrigated onto a volcanic sandy loam soil. This was in contrast to irrigation onto a sandy soil where no carbamazepine removal occurred after irrigation. Differences were likely caused by the presence of allophane in the volcanic soil which is able to accumulate a high level of organic matter. Carbamazepine apparent adsorption distribution coefficients (K(d)) for both soils when irrigated with treated sewage effluent were determined as 25 L kg(-1) for the volcanic soil and 0.08 L kg(-1) for the sandy soil. Overall, a volcanic soil was reasonably efficient in removing carbamazepine while soil type was not a major factor for caffeine removal. Removal of caffeine, however, was more efficient when a partially treated rather than fully treated effluent was applied. Based on the investigated pharmaceuticals and given an appropriate design, effluent irrigation onto land, in conjunction with conventional sewage treatment may be considered a beneficial treatment for pharmaceutical removal.     

生态农业园区废弃物资源化处理利用研究

本文介绍了蟹岛生态园区农业废气物及生活污水的资源化处理工艺方案 ,通过对沼气池和生活污水厌氧 -好氧 -生态塘处理系统进行综合设计 ,实现了节能环保和废弃物无害化综合处理利用。形成了种植业、养殖业、肥料加工、能源利用和休闲度假有机结合的生态农业经济 ,为实现农村经济可持续发展提供了一种新模式     

Significance of indicator bacteria in a regionalised wastewater treatment plant and receiving waters

A regional wastewater treatment plant was found to be discharging high concentrations of fecal coliform bacteria in excess of acceptable surface water criteria. An investigation of the sources of those bacteria showed their origins to have been environmental, primarily from a pulp and paper mill. False positive and false negative fecal coliforms were also found and enumerated. These bacteria were found to increase in numbers through the treatment plant, unlike sewage treatment plants in which they decrease to the effluent.     

Use of the partition coefficient as an indicator of bioaccumulation tendency of dyestuffs in fish

Dyestuffs generally do not readily undergo aerobic biodegradation during sewage treatment processes and for new products an assessment of their bioaccumulation in fish is a requirement under certain environmental chemicals legislation. The results presented in this paper show that the partition coefficient in n-octanol/water is a useful indicator of the bioaccumulation tendency of dyestuffs, thus supporting its use as a screening test for bioaccumulation as proposed by the OECD Chemicals Testing Programme.     

再生水中内分泌干扰物质的存在及处理现状

随着污水回用大力开展,人们与再生水的接触机会增加,必须保障再生水的水质安全.资料调研发现,作为再生水水源的污水处理厂出水中含有多种内分泌干扰物质,活性炭吸附、超滤、高级氧化技术及膜技术可有效去除再生水中的内分泌干扰物质,但鉴于经济和管理上的困难,目前仍不能全面推广.中国常用的澄清(混凝沉淀)/过滤工艺不能有效去除污水处理厂二级出水中的内分泌十扰物质,这对接触人群的健康产生潜在威胁,对生物种群也有一定的影响.生物处理方法未来有可能成为去除内分泌干扰物质很有前途的方法.     

经济发达地区农村环境存在问题及对策建议——以江苏省丹阳市为例

农村环境问题已成为中国实现农业可持续发展、提高农民生活质量、建设和谐社会的重要制约因素,特别是在经济发达地区,农村环境问题尤为突出。文中以江苏省丹阳市为例,对发达地区农村环境问题进行深入分析,并从保障饮用水安全、加强农村生活污水和生活垃圾处理处置、减少农业面源污染、合理布局和控制工业污染源等方面提出对策建议。