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制备了氨基介孔磁性载体(AMMC),分别采用FTIR,XRD,TEM等技术对AMMC的官能团、磁性、表观形态和沉降性能等进行了表征,并将脱硫菌株固定于AMMC上,以含二苯并噻吩(DBT)的正十六烷为模拟柴油,比较了固定化脱硫菌和游离脱硫菌对柴油的脱硫性能。表征结果显示,AMMC负载了氨基,是具有丰富孔结构的磁性载体(比表面积为61 m~2/g、孔体积为0.131 cm~3/g、平均孔径为11.339 nm),具有悬浮能力强、磁性良好、分离速度快的特点。脱硫实验结果表明:AMMC固定化脱硫菌配合吐温80使用,对DBT的降解率最高,脱硫反应第3天,DBT降解率为75%;AMMC固定化脱硫菌未经活化直接第5次重复使用时,DBT降解率维持在30%左右,游离脱硫菌的DBT降解率不足10%。 相似文献
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负载型纳米TiO2光催化剂的制备及其光催化活性 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
采用悬浮聚合法制备粉煤灰-聚苯乙烯微珠载体,通过矿化接枝技术将水热法制备的纳米TiO2负载在粉煤灰-聚苯乙烯微珠载体上,制成负载型纳米TiO2光催化剂。用x射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜对负载型纳米TiO2光催化剂进行了表征;通过光催化降解甲醛实验评价了负载型纳米TiO2光催化剂的活性。实验结果表明,纳米TiO2在载体上分散良好,平均粒径为36.4nm;该催化剂活性较高,明显优于粉体纳米TiO2光催化剂,重复使用10次左右,该催化剂的活性无明显下降。 相似文献
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《再生资源与循环经济》2016,(5)
采用天然多孔的矿物膨润土作为磷酸二氢铵肥的载体,并将其与脲醛树脂和镁盐按一定的比例添加混合、压片固化制成膨润土载体缓释氮磷复合肥。通过水中溶出率法和沙柱淋溶法综合考察了镁盐类型及镁盐用量对缓释肥料养分释放性能的影响,发现其缓释性能随镁盐添加量的增大而增加,5%的MgCl_2和15%的MgCO_3作为缓释肥的添加成分效果最优,但当MgCl_2,MgCO_3两种镁盐用量进一步增加后缓释效果不显著。研究表明载体肥料在添加镁盐后,Mg~(2+)在蒙脱石以及磷酸盐之间形成了磷酸镁铵化合物,即鸟粪石,提升了肥料的缓释效果。 相似文献
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以某日化企业在生产过程中产生的洗涤剂废水为处理对象,以接触氧化法为核心工艺,比较了悬挂式组合填料和移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)悬浮填料对洗涤剂废水的处理效果。实验结果表明:悬挂式组合填料和MBBR悬浮填料的挂膜启动时间分别为13,25 d;当悬挂式组合填料反应器的DO为4.0 mg/L时,COD和LAS的去除率分别为84.33%和89.06%;当MBBR悬浮填料反应器的DO为3.0 mg/L时,COD和LAS的去除率分别为82.54%和90.31%;当MBBR悬浮填料反应器的COD容积负荷为0.5~1.3 kg/(m3·d)时,平均COD去除率为83.91%,继续增大COD容积负荷,COD去除率仍能保持在80%以上;MBBR悬浮填料在COD的高效降解及高浓度有机废水的处理方面优于悬挂式组合填料。 相似文献
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复合生物曝气工艺处理化纤生产废水 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
仪征化纤股份有限公司所排生产废水中以乙二醇和对苯二甲酸等有机物为主,有机负荷变化较大。复合生物曝气工艺是将传统的活性污泥法与生物膜法有机结合的高效废水处理工艺。即在普通活性污泥工艺的曝气池中投加各种能提供微生物附着生长表面的载体,利用载体容易截留和附着生物量大的特点,使曝气池中同时存在附着相和悬浮相生物,充分发挥两者的优越性,使之扬长避短,相互补充。由于该工艺兼有活性污泥和生物膜法的工艺特点,反应系统中厌氧和兼性厌氧菌的比例较高,生物膜中丝状微生物的数量和种类较多,且食物链稳定。 相似文献
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Roger I Méndez-Novelo Elba R Castillo-Borges María R Sauri-Riancho Carlos A Quintal-Franco Germán Giacomán-Vallejos Blanca Jiménez-Cisneros 《Waste management & research》2005,23(6):560-564
In order to determine the optimal dosage and type of coagulant for the physico-chemical treatment of leachate from the sanitary landfill of Merida, Mexico, a total of 864 jar tests were performed. Four metallic coagulants (ferric chloride, ferric sulphate, aluminium polychloride and aluminium sulphate) with doses ranging between 50 and 300 mg L(-1) and two polyelectrolytes (high-density anionic and cationic reagents) with doses from 2 to 12 mg L(-1) were tested. Neither an adequate type of coagulant nor an optimal dose could be found. The removal of contaminants was measured as total and dissolved chemical oxygen demand (COD). Soluble COD removal efficiencies were low, from 0 to 47%, with a 4% average value only. These low values of organic material removal were attributed to the particular characteristics of the Merida landfill leachate (low suspended solids concentration), so even with sweep-floc coagulation (300 mg L(-1) dose) only low COD removal efficiencies were obtained. A study of the suspended particle size distribution of the leachate was conducted in order to explain the poor performance. The particle size distribution ranged from 0.375 to 948.2 microm, with an average value of 22.97 microm. In a second step the optimal pH for physico-chemical treatment of these leachates was determined. Finally a greater than 90% removal of organic material, measured as suspended COD, was obtained at pH 2, which was considered as the optimal value. 相似文献
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Ellen L. Petticrew Philip N. Owens Timothy R. Giles 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2006,6(5-6):647-656
In August of 2003 a severe wildfire burnt the majority of Fishtrap Creek, a 170 km2 catchment in central British Columbia, Canada. The objective of this study was to determine the short-term (15-month) influence
of the wildfire on the amount and composition of fine sediment delivery and retention in the system and to compare it to a
similar unburnt catchment. In the spring of 2004 automatic water samplers were installed at a gauging site on Fishtrap Creek
to collect suspended sediments from the snowmelt runoff and gravel traps were deployed on the channel bed surface to collect
composite samples of suspended fine sediment. Jamieson, the reference creek, exhibits similar geology and pre-burn vegetation
and was sampled in the same manner for comparison. Composite suspended sediment collected in the traps was removed from the
streams in mid-summer and early September. Quantitative estimates of the amount and particle size structure of the naturally
stored fine sediment in, and on, the gravel creekbed were obtained in pre-melt, mid and late-summer conditions. Estimates
of suspended sediment yields indicated that while the burnt system delivered 66% more material per unit area, the total seasonal
suspended sediment yield was low (855 kg km−2) compared to other fire-disturbed systems. While the burnt catchment was primed to deliver sediment, the hydrologic drivers
were not of sufficient magnitude to generate a substantial response, suggesting that in this first post-fire year the system
was transport-limited, not supply-limited. Differences were noted in the spatial and seasonal composition of the <500 more
OM% composite suspended sedimentswith the burnt catchment having significantly (P≤0.05) more OM%. Seasonally a significant
increase of OM% in late summer samples was associated with instream biofilms and possible delivery of black carbon. The system’s
post-fire response was not geomorphically substantial but significant biological differences were noted in the short-term. 相似文献
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Laboratory column tests were performed to evaluate the role of leachate-suspended-solids in clogging a granular material permeated with Keele Valley Landfill leachate. The development of the clog material was a result of biological, chemical, and physical processes occurring within the column. The increase in volatile solids, which contributed to clog development over time, was primarily due to the retention of volatile suspended solids and growth of a biofilm capable of removing acetate, propionate, and butyrate from the leachate. Acetate fermentation was primarily responsible for precipitation of calcium within the column. The precipitated calcium and retention of inorganic suspended solids contributed to the increase in clog inorganic solids. Over the duration of the experiment, 3.7 times more calcium was precipitated in the column (due to acid fermentation) than was retained with inorganic suspended solids. Clogging resulted in a greater than 60% reduction in drainable porosity and a six-order magnitude decrease in hydraulic conductivity. The potential practical implications with respect to pipe cleaning and leachate recirculation were discussed. 相似文献
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Rajendram Thivyatharsan H. A. Y. R. Gunarathna Benedict Francis Antony Basnayake Periyathamby Kuruparan 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2012,14(1):27-37
The objective of the study was to develop a low cost and environmentally friendly liner system for a landfill bioreactor to
harness energy from waste. The landfill bioreactor test cell was constructed and evaluated for performance under dry tropical
conditions of Sri Lanka. The research was carried out from March 2009 to September 2010. The clay-waste polyethylene-clay
composite liner system was developed and permeability was tested. The permeability values of the liner under both saturated
and unsaturated conditions at the high estimated hydraulic head of 86.2 cm were in between 6.3 × 10−8 and 2.6 × 10−8 cm/s. The permeability of the liner under waste filled condition varied between 2.17 × 10−9 and 8.15 × 10−9 cm/s, which satisfies the standard permeability value. Thus, the results were below the minimum requirement at very high
estimated leachate head. After loading the test cell, leachate and permeate characteristics were analyzed for 273 days, from
January 2010 to September 2010. The study showed the relationships among various parameters including pH, electrical permeability,
chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, ammonia, nitrate, phosphate, total solids, volatile solids, total suspended
solids and volatile suspended solids. The results of the analysis indicated that there are significant differences in the
values of leachate and permeate parameters. The permeate parameters had values very much lower than those of leachate. It
reveals that the clay-waste polyethylene-clay composite liner system reduced the concentration of these parameters when the
leachate passed through the liner. The biofilm formed in waste polyethylene within the liner may have degraded most of organic
materials found in the leachate when it passed through the liner. Therefore, the clay-waste polyethylene-clay composite liner
system can be applied for full scale landfill bioreactors, particularly for Asian developing countries, due to better performance
and more environmentally friendly characteristics. 相似文献
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分子筛生产废水中悬浮物的絮凝与回用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对分子筛生产废水进行了絮凝沉降分离试验,确定了絮凝剂、助凝剂及絮凝敢分离条件。试验结果表明,絮凝沉降所得到的絮凝物料的化学组成、结构、性能与絮凝前原废水中的悬浮物基本一致,可返回原生产工序中使用。 相似文献
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Hamidi Abdul Aziz Salina Alias Faridah Assari Mohd Nordin Adlan 《Waste management & research》2007,25(6):556-565
Suspended solids, colour and chemical oxygen demand (COD) are among the main pollutants in landfill leachate. Application of physical or biological processes alone is normally not sufficient to remove these constituents, especially for leachate with a lower biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)/ COD ratio. The main objective of this research was to investigate the efficiency of coagulation and flocculation processes for removing suspended solids, colour and COD from leachate produced in a semi-aerobic landfill in Penang, Malaysia. A 12-month characterization study of the leachate indicated that it had a mean annual BOD/COD ratio of 0.15 and was partially stabilized, with little further biological degradation likely to occur. Particle size analysis of the raw leachate indicated that its 50th percentile (d50) was 11.68 microm. Three types of coagulants were examined in bench scale jar test studies: aluminium sulphate (alum), ferric chloride (FeCl3) and ferrous sulphate (FeSO4). The effects of agitation speed, settling time, pH, coagulant dosages and temperature were examined. At 300 rpm of rapid mixing, 50 rpm of slow mixing, and 60 min settling time, higher removals of suspended solids (over 95%), colour (90%) and COD (43%) were achieved at pH 4 and 12. FeCl3 was found to be superior to other coagulants tested. At pH 4 and 12, fair removal of suspended solids was observed at a reasonably low coagulant dose, i.e., 600 mg L(-1); hHowever, about 2500 mg L(-1) of coagulant was required to achieve good removals at pH 6. Better removals were achieved at higher temperature. The d50 of sludge after coagulation at pH 4 with a 2500 mg L(-1) FeCl3 dose was 60.16 microm, which indicated that the particles had been removed effectively from the leachate. The results indicate that coagulation and flocculation processes can be used effectively in integrated semi-aerobic leachate treatment systems, especially for removing suspended solids, colour and COD. 相似文献
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为了解决砷化镓生产废水含有磷酸盐、氟化物、砷化物以及难沉降亚微米级悬浮物的处理难点,首先采用催化臭氧氧化—好氧生化深度预处理废水,再采用RO膜分离工艺进行处理。结果表明:催化臭氧氧化法使废水中亚微米级悬浮物脱稳,有利于悬浮物的混凝沉降,并优化了膜分离阶段的分离环境,可延长膜使用寿命,降低运行成本;经过膜分离后,出水砷质量浓度为0.01 mg/L,氟质量浓度为1.0 mg/L,COD、TP、TN和ρ(NH3-N)为10,0.01,0.50,0.50 mg/L,均达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838—2002)Ⅲ类水质标准。 相似文献