电梯改造时的几个注意点

通过多年的电梯改造方案审核和电梯检验实践,提请电梯施工单位,在签订改造电梯的合同前,全面了解拟改造电梯的状况,编制完善的施工方案,以避免出现电梯改造后不能满足现行规定的被动局面;同时提出监督检验改造电梯时的几个注意点。     

老旧电梯改造与长效机制的建立

本文对老旧电梯及老旧电梯改造存在的问题进行探讨,简要介绍重庆市推进老旧电梯改造工作制定的制度保障,提出采用BOT模式、强制第三方责任保险等方式建立老旧电梯改造的长效机制,以解决日益困扰城市发展的老旧电梯问题。     

电梯的改造及应注意的安全问题

叙述了电梯改造的概念,意义及与大修、更新的区别,并就各种电梯改造方法提出了应该注意的安全问题。     

重视电梯改造后的安全问题

经改造后的电梯,由于采用了PLC、变频器等先进元器件及智能控制技术,使原电梯的控制设备大为简化,消除了不少电梯故障的根源,可靠性大幅度提高,运行曲线进一步圆滑,运行舒适感明显增强,控制功能增加,运行效率也逐步提高.但由于改造队伍良莠不齐,技术水平差别较大,使得一些电梯改造后非但达不到预期的效果,并且还出现了新的不安全因素,给电梯的安全运行留下了隐患.     

在用电梯改造方面的探讨与建议

本文研究分析了英国、欧盟、北美与中国等国家和地区标准中关于电梯改造定义、技术要求方面的主要特点,在分析我国电梯改造方面实情的基础上,提出了相应对策与建议,以供电梯业界同仁讨论、参考。     

改变电梯轿厢重量对安全运行的影响

电梯经过验收合格后安装单位或产权单位移交给使用单位使用,在使用过程中随着建筑物改造和装潢、电梯的升级改造等原因会使电梯轿厢重量改变。由于这种改变往往体现在电梯轿厢重量的增加,因此本文主要从电梯轿厢重量的增加对电梯运行安全的影响进行分析。1轿厢重量改变对平衡系数的影响     

浅谈电梯加装IC卡的检验方法

电梯加装IC卡属于改造项目,但对于如何进行检验缺少相应规定。介绍电梯IC卡的工作原理,详细分析IC卡加装的施工流程,针对施工过程涉及的检验项目,提出电梯加装IC卡的改造检验方法和对当前检规关于改造资料部分提出建议,最后阐述检验时应注意的事项。     

关于提高额定速度的电梯改造设计应该注意的主要问题

1引言 随着科学技术的进步和社会经济的发展．一些在用曳引驱动电梯因为额定速度、额定载重量、控制方式、调速方式等已不能满足当前使用需要。从而进行改造,使其部分主要技术参数得以改变,以满足预期使用需要。其中为提高额定速度的电梯改造所涉及的问题较多。因此,本人仅就提高额定速度的电梯改造设计应该注意的主要问题,浅谈如下看法。     

加强老旧电梯管理 推动老旧电梯改造

本文结合海南省老旧电梯情况及改造情况,对老旧电梯存在的安全系数低下、零配件老化且难以购买、现场管理不善等问题进行分析,为推动对老旧电梯的规范性管理和降低老旧电梯的风险率提出合理的建议,总结对老旧电梯进行改造的必要性。同时对老旧电梯的检验周期、保险形式和针对零部件报废标准上提出合理的建议。     

旧楼增设、更新电梯工程对电梯层/站的定义探讨

电梯"层/站"是电梯术语之一,也是《特种设备安装(移装、改造、维修)告知表》信息采集的重要参数之一。本文根据日常电梯监督检验情况,收集了有关电梯"层/站"信息采集不规范和有争议的案例,予以提炼总结,提出了电梯"层/站"的定义探讨。     

浅谈儿童行为对电梯门区安全保护的影响

当儿童跟随大人乘坐电梯时,经常发生在电梯门区儿童受伤安全事故。本文介绍了儿童的好奇和探险行为、有限的认知能力以及有限的运动神经控制能力等天性行为,并通过对一些典型电梯事故案例中的儿童天性行为的分析,提出儿童的天性行为是导致这些电梯安全事故的根本原因,并指出儿童在乘坐针对成年人设计的电梯产品时存在的安全隐患,给电梯的设计与制造者提出了合理的建议。     

基于LabVIEW的安全阀型式试验数据采集系统

安全阀型式试验数据采集系统结合安全阀开启高度与其他性能指标的关系,创新性地将开启高度、压力和流量三组数据整合到同一个曲线监控图中分别显示,根据开启高度的不同状态读取相应试验数据．从而得到安全阀各项性能指标。     

LEC-M法在升船机施工安全评价中的应用

在升船机施工过程中,由于建筑物多为高坝垂直型,致使上下施工、内外施工和不同性质的施工同时进行,增加了作业条件的危险性,这给升船机施工中的安全管理带来很大困难.以升船机施工为出发点,分析升船机施工中的作业单元流程.按照事故分类的标准,将升船机施工的危险源按照高处坠落、物体打击、垮塌三类事故进行风险辨识.运用LEC-M法确定升船机施工各类危险源的安全风险等级评价,依据危险源评价所涉及到的具体条款,提出降低危险源风险的有效措施.该方法在三峡升船机筒体工程上得到具体应用,并取得良好效果.     

煤矿液压提升机的安全功能与安全隐患分析

液压提升机是较为复杂的机电液一体化产品 ,是煤矿井下作业提升物料和运送人员的关键设备 ,素有矿井咽喉之称。液压提升机的防爆、提升过程中的超速、过卷保护、液压系统的高、低压保护及升降与制动工作协同性是其安全性设计的核心与关键。笔者概要介绍了液压提升机的主要安全保护功能 ,分析并探讨了液压提升机存在的安全隐患与对策     

钢丝绳的润滑状态对电梯曳引力的影响分析

钢丝绳是电梯重要的载重元件,直接关系着电梯能否安全运行。维保公司在日常维护保养过程中一定要按照规定的钢丝绳保养方法进行维护。通过分析钢丝绳被违规添加黄油润滑、干燥生锈两种情况下的曳引力,对正确维护保养钢丝绳提出建议。     

电梯回路及其故障检查

介绍了电梯各装置的功能,电梯的安全装置回路,及其故障检查方法。     

Fall arrest characteristics of a scissor lift

Problem

Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI) data indicate 306 aerial lift fatalities between 1992-2003. Seventy-eight of these fatalities specifically involved scissor lifts. Members of standards committees have requested that NIOSH conduct research to determine the effects of safety-control practices related to using fall-protection systems for scissor lifts.

Method

This research examined the structural and dynamic stability of a scissor lift subjected to fall arrest forces. This was accomplished by conducting drop tests from a scissor lift. Anchorage locations evaluated included manufacturer-supplied anchorage points on the scissor lift platform as well as mid-rail and top-rail locations.

Results

Preliminary drop tests determined that a 2400 lb maximum arrest force (MAF) could be generated by dropping 169 lb through a fall height of 36” using Nystron® rope as a lanyard. The scissor lift maintained structural and dynamic stability for all drop tests when fully extended and on an incline.

Discussion

Anchoring a fall arrest system to either the mid-rail or top-rail is not a recommended practice by the scissor lift manufacturer. Anchor points are provided on the platform floor of the scissor lift for this purpose. However, our results demonstrate that the mid-rail and top-rail absorb substantial energy from an arrested fall and may have potential as appropriate anchorage points.

Impact to Industry

Employers and workers should consider implementing fall arrest systems when using scissor lifts as part of their overall risk mitigation plan for fall injury prevention.     

Aerial lift fall injuries: a surveillance and evaluation approach for targeting prevention activities

PROBLEM: Work on aerial lift platforms exposes workers to fall hazards. The objective of this study was to identify the most common injury scenarios and determine current research gaps for addressing fall incidents associated with aerial lifts. METHODS: Three databases were searched: Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI), NIOSH Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation (FACE) reports, and OSHA Incident Investigation Records. RESULTS: The majority of falls/collapses/tipovers were within the height-category of 10-29 feet. Tipovers comprised 44-46% of boom-lift falls and 56-59% of scissor-lift falls. Constructing and repairing activities were most commonly associated with fall/collapse/tipover incidents. DISCUSSION: CFOI and OSHA/FACE show convergent data, suggesting similar scenarios for aerial lift tipovers. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: The analysis provides the aerial lift industry information to prioritize their efforts on aerial lift design.     

Prediction models for psychophysical lifting capabilities and the resulting physiological responses for work shifts of varied durations

This paper presents models for predicting estimates of maximum weights of lift acceptable to industrial workers for 8-hour work shifts. Prediction models are also presented for heart rate and oxygen uptake at the maximum acceptable weight of lift. Experimental data collected on 37 males and 37 females were used in developing and verifying these models. Each subject performed nine variations of a lifting task involving three heights, four frequencies, and three box sizes to determine estimates of acceptable lifts for 8-hour shifts. The final lifting capability prediction models explained 76 to 82% variance in the experimental data. A procedure is also described to determine, from these models, acceptable lifts for work periods of variable lengths. The physiological-response-prediction models, which provide estimates of heart rate and oxygen uptake at the maximum acceptable weight of lift, were, however, relatively inferior to other similar response models available in the literature. This is thought to be due to the differences between the psychophysical and physiological methodologies.     

Testing individual capability to lift material: Repeatability of a dynamic test compared with static testing

This paper describes a new dynamic testing procedure of individual lift capability and its laboratory evaluation with 39 subjects. In test-retesting, the isoinertial “LIFTEST” proved to be less variable than standard isometric lift tests.