机动车尾气及其扬尘对克拉玛依市环境空气影响特征分析

通过对克拉玛依市机动车尾气及扬尘的实验结果分析,得知城市环境中污染因子ＮＯｘ、ＣＯ、ＴＳＰ等与汽车尾气和扬尘紧密相关,其车流量全天峰期在１１：００－１２：００,ＣＯ、ＮＯｘ峰值达６．００ｍｇ／ｍ＾３和０．１０ｍｇ／ｍ＾３ＴＳＰ浓度达峰值后变化很小。污染物扩散速度与交通干线两侧环境,即垂直距离呈负相关关系。     

石河子市大气中氮氧化物与气象条件的关系

用实测数据分析了石河子市大气中ＮＯｘ与气温，湿度和风速等气象因子的关系，得出结论是气温升高，风速增强，使大气中ＮＯｘ浓度值降低，相对湿度在７０％～８０％之间，其ＮＯｘ浓度较高，为此，气象条件诸如水平风速，大气温度，湿度和大气层结构的稳定与否均大对气污染物浓度产生重要影响。     

国家大气监测网络站SO2,NOx质控考核评价

评述了１９９５年国家大气监测网络站ＳＯ２、ＮＯｘ质控考核情况,考核结果是：参加ＳＯ２考核实验室８６个,ＮＯｘ考核核实验室８７个,２项均合实验室为８５个。ＳＯ２合格率平均为９２．７％ＮＯｘ合格率平均为９８．０％。     

大气自动监测系统中NOx由ppm到mg／m~3转换系数的探讨

分析了大气自动监测系统，在采用固定转换系数１．８对ＮＯｘ进行ｐｐｍ到ｍｇ／ｍ３转换时出现的误差．提出了在系统中获取ＮＯｘ转换系数的方法及计算公式，此法准确、合理，实施方便，运用灵活。     

扬州市区大气环境质量的综合评价

扬州市区大气环境质量的综合评价高明慧（江苏扬州市环境监测站，２２５００２）仅考虑必测项目ＳＯ２、ＮＯｘ和ＴＳＰ，则因素集为设由ＳＯ２，ＮＯｘ和ＴＳＰ的权重构成的权重集为Ａ为Ｕ上的模糊子集，ａｉ表示为式中Ｓｉｊ为第ｉ种因素的第ｊ级标准，Ｘｉ为第ｉ种因素...     

长江河源区大气环境考察报告

１９９７年７、８月间,中华环保基金会组织“９７’长江河源生态考察”活动,考察活动覆盖了长江河源区广大地区,取得圆满成功。将实地考察所获得的第一手数据汇总,对大气主要污染物,如ＴＳＰ、ＳＯ２、ＮＯｘ、ＣＯ和Ｏ２在源区大气中的分布作了一定探讨,对今后大气环境发展趋势作了初步的分析,并提出了相关建议     

南京鼓楼隧道汽车排气对环境的影响

为弄清鼓楼隧道汽车排气对环境的影响,南京环境监测中心站于１９９６年夏季和１９９７年冬季对该隧道汽车废气排放的主要污染物ＣＯ,ＮＯｘ进行了监测,监测结果表明,该隧道ＣＯ和ＮＯｘ浓度超过国家空气质量三级标准,污染的程度与隧道中汽车行驶工况,车流量,气象条件等诸多因素有关,针对该隧道汽车废气的污染状况,提出了防治对策。     

24小时空气质量连续监测系统的改善

２４ｈ空气质量连续监测系统（ＳＯ２，ＮＯｘ）采样仪在北方环境中，面对高温，风沙，寒冷气象因素，分别出现了影响连续采样及仪器使用寿命的各种问题，针对这些问题提出了解决的方法和改进措施。     

兰州市汽车尾气污染状况调查

通过对兰州市汽车尾气污染状况的调查与分析，认为兰州市街道空气污染较重，ＣＯ、ＮＯｘ、ＳＯ２、ＴＳＰ、Ｐｂ各项污染均超标，其污染程度与车流强度、时间、季节、路面宽度、风速及不同形式的交通路口相关。汽车尾气排放已成为兰州市空气污染的重要来源。     

环境空气24小时自动采样中吸收液倒吸的原因及排除

在使用武汉天虹智能仪表厂 2 4ｈ自动采样仪(ＳＯ2 、ＮＯｘ) ,有时会出现采样吸收液倒吸入进气管路的现象 ,使进气管路沾污 ,特别是ＮＯｘ 采样管路中的氧化管倒吸了吸收液后 ,在采样过程中 ,被三氧化铬沾污的吸收液又回流到采样瓶中 ,使样品完全报废。据了解 ,其他型号的此类仪器也有类似的现象发生。为此 ,对采样仪和采样过程进行测试 ,查清了倒吸原因 ,找到排除倒吸的方法。1　吸收液倒吸的过程据观察测试 ,在环境气温较低 ,采样仪未开启时 ,总进气管路的轴流风机产生的采样瓶前后负压约 2 0Ｐａ,不会产生明显的倒吸现象。在采样仪开启…     

Atmospheric aerosol concentration level and chemical characteristics of water-soluble ionic species in wintertime in Beijing,China

Total suspended particulate (TSP) samples were collected during wintertime from November 24, 1998 to February 12, 1999 in Beijing. Ionic species including Cl-, NO3(-), SO4(2-), Na+, NH4(+), K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ were determined by Ion Chromatography (IC). The sum average concentration of all the determined ions accounted for 18.9% of the TSP concentration, and SO4(2-) appeared the dominant ion with an average concentration of 30.84 microg m(-3); the sum mass concentration of SO4(2-), NO3(-), Ca2+ and NH4(+) accounted for about 83.2% of all the eight ions measured. The study indicated that the chemical form of sulfate and ammonium varies with TSP concentration levels. During heavy pollution periods, the average TSP concentration was 0.66 mg m(-3), and the NH4(+)/SO4(2-) molar ratio was low (0.58). It indicated that sulfate may present as CaSO4 and (NH4)2SO4 x CaSO4 x 2H2O. When TSP concentration (average 0.186 mg m(-3)) was relatively low, the NH4(+)/SO4(2-) molar ratio was 1.94, close to the theoretical ratio of 2 of (NH4)2SO4. Under this condition (NH4)2SO4 is expected to exist as the major form of sulfate. When the TSP concentration level was medium (average 0.35 mg m(-3)), the NH4+/SO4(2-) molar ratio appeared an average value (1.27), (NH4)2SO4, (NH4)2SO4 x CaSO4 x 2H2O and CaSO4 are expected to be present in those aerosol particles. Meteorological conditions including wind speed and wind direction were related to the TSP concentration level.     

南京市街道峡谷机动车尾气污染特点和环境容量分析

通过对具有街道峡谷特征的南京市中山路机动车的车流量污染物质量浓度和气象要素的调查与监测，了解到中山路机动车尾气污染物中CO，NO x的质量浓度与车流量有关，成正比关系，日车流量高峰时间分别在10：00，14：00和18：00。中山路环境容量分析是通过污染物扩散模型对CO，NOx污染物质量浓度模拟，其模拟结果和实测结果相近：CO质量浓度的模拟和实测结果比值在[0.5,2]区间的比例为96％，NOx质量浓度的模拟和实测结果比值在[0.5,2]区间的比例为80％，表明模拟结果有效。     

Analysis of the air pollution climate at a background site in the Po valley

The Po valley in northern Italy is renowned for its high air pollutant concentrations. Measurements of air pollutants from a background site in Modena, a town of 200 thousand inhabitants within the Po valley, are analysed. These comprise hourly data for CO, NO, NO(2), NO(x), and O(3), and daily gravimetric equivalent data for PM(10) from 1998-2010. The data are analysed in terms of long-term trends, annual, weekly and diurnal cycles, and auto-correlation and cross-correlation functions. CO, NO and NO(2) exhibit a strongly traffic-related pattern, with daily peaks at morning and evening rush hour and lower concentrations over the weekend. Ozone shows an annual cycle with a peak in July due to local production; notwithstanding the diurnal cycle dominated by titration by nitrogen oxide, the decreasing long term trend in NO concentration did not affect the long term trend in O(3), whose mean concentration remained steady over the sampling period. PM(10) shows a strong seasonality with higher concentration in winter and lower concentration in summer and spring. Both PM(10) and ozone show a marked weekly cycle in summer and winter respectively. Regressions of PM(10) upon NO(x) show a consistently greater intercept in winter, representing higher secondary PM(10) in the cooler months of the year. There is a seasonal pattern in primary PM(10) to NO(x) ratios, with lower values in winter and higher values in summer, but the reasons are unclear.     

Differences between weekend and weekday ozone levels over rural and urban sites in Southern Italy

Air quality data from a network of 11 monitoring stations in the Apulia region of southern Italy during the summer of 2005 reveal a high frequency of ozone law limit violations. Since ozone is a secondary pollutant, air quality control strategies aimed at reducing ozone concentration are not immediate. Herein, we analyse weekly changes in concentration levels of ozone (O(3)), nitrogen oxides (NO(x)), carbon monoxide (CO), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and evaluate how the differences in primary emissions cause changes in the production of ozone. The comparison between weekend and weekday levels of O(3) and its precursors are direct evidence for the existence of the "ozone weekend effect." This effect was observed at all stations with a considerable variation in the overall ozone magnitude, including both traffic stations and non-traffic stations. Data from VOC measurements at traffic stations primarily indicated elevated levels of benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTX); all of these substances showed an overall decrease over the weekend. A single station indicated levels of non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) and PM10, both of which did not demonstrate any weekly cycle. Analysis of weekly and diurnal cycles of O(3), NO(x), CO, NMHC, and PM10 indicates that higher weekend ozone levels result from a reduction in the emission of nitrogen oxides on weekends in VOC-sensitive regimes. This indicates that a reduction in VOC and NO(x) levels would be more effective than NO(x) reduction alone. Our results underscore the need for improved and more efficient VOC measurements.     

汽油车尾气遥感检测结果统计分析与限值制定

选取汽油车尾气中CO、HC、NO等3种气态污染物，以稳态工况法为基准，与车辆实际行驶时的遥感测试结果比对，从而制定相应的排放控制限值。建议遥感检测法对于CO、HC、NO的限值，2001年10月1日前注册登记的汽油车分别为3．0％、1000×10-6、3500×10-6，2001年10月1日起注册登记的汽油车分别为2．0％、500×10-6、2000×10-6。提出当机动车所有人对检测结果有异议时，可在规定期限内至指定机构按年检方法复检。     

上海市中心城区臭氧污染水平和变化状况

利用上海市虹口监测点2002年O3的连续自动监测数据，分析了该点代表的区域范围内O3的污染水平、变化情况，以及O3与NO、NOx和CO的关系。指出该点O3的污染水平是冬季最低，秋季最高，5月至10月的质量浓度明显高于11月至4月，低质量浓度时段在早晨，高质量浓度时段在中午至午后；O3质量浓度的变化范围和上升速率是5月至10月比11月至4月大；O3的产生主要取决于NOx中NO转换成NO2的程度，而CO也同NO一样，当O3质量浓度在中午至午后较高时，CO质量浓度也不高。     

Simultaneous determination of atmospheric sulfur and nitrogen oxides using a battery-operated portable filter pack sampler

We developed a method to analyze atmospheric SO(x) (particulate SO(4)(2-)+ gaseous SO(2)) and NO(x) (NO + NO(2)) simultaneously using a battery-operated portable filter pack sampler. NO(x) determination using a filter pack method is new. SO(x) and NO(x) were collected on a Na(2)CO(3) filter and PTIO (2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-3-oxide-1-oxyl) + TEA (triethanolamine) filters (6 piled sheets), respectively. Aqueous solutions were then used to extract pollutants trapped by the filters and the resulting extracts were pre-cleaned (e.g. elimination of PTIO) and analyzed for sulfate and nitrite by ion chromatography. Recoveries of SO(2) and NO(x) from standard pollutant gases and consistency of the field data with those from other instrumental methods were examined to evaluate our method. SO(x) and NO(x) could be analyzed accurately with determination limits of 0.2 ppbv and 1.0 ppbv (as daily average concentrations), respectively. The sampler can determine SO(x) and NO(x) concentrations at mountainous or remote sites without needing an electric power supply.     

上海浦东新区环境空气质量特点及成因分析

为了解浦东新区建区以来的环境空气质量，浦东新区环境保护监测站对1994年－2001年环境空气中主要污染物监测结果进行了分析：SO2，NOx,TSP的质量浓度和分指数结果相比较，TSP占有最大权重，处于污染主导地位，其主要污染源为工业粉尘，烟尘，机动车排放的尾气，建筑施工及道路交通产生的尘污染。     

马鞍山市城区主干道近地面空气质量调查

为调查马鞍山市城区主干道近地面空气质量状况,马鞍山市环境监测中心站于1999年1月19日～1月21日对城区3条主干道的5个监测点近地面空气质量进行了监测.结果表明,在城市整体环境空气质量良好的情况下,交通干道近地面空气污染较严重,主要污染源是机动车尾气,NOx、CO、TSP是特征性污染物,其中NOx平均分布浓度与车流量近似成正相关,从时间分布上看,NOx平均分布浓度早上最高,晚上次之,中午最低.指出,为改善城市的环境空气质量,必须加强对机动车尾气的监督管理.     

汽油车BASM排放检测方法关联规则研究

应用数据挖掘法对3720台次汽油车的BASM排放检测数据进行关联性分析，对汽车BASM排放检测方法中检测工况及排放污染物检测项目CO、HC、NOx间关联性进行研究，得出在BASM 5024工况下没有通过检测的车辆在BASM 2540工况检测的通过率只有5．7％，CO检测合格对HC的检测合格有76．5％的支持度，HC检测合格对NOx检测合格的支持度为58．9％，说明BASM 5024与BASM 2540检测工况具有较高的关联性，HC与CO存在较高的关联度，而HC与NOx的关联度不高。